written language and technology supports

Written Expression and

TechnologyDr. Cheryl Wissick, University of South Carolina

Why technology in writing?

•Teach skills •Focus on accommodations•Provide Multiple means of expression for UDL•Integrate technology into the process of writing

GoalsPresent aspects of technology integration with written languagePresent free tools Introduce top names in toolsDemonstrate ways to integrate wp & integrate toolsShow programs and apps for young children or students with developmental disabilities

Response to Intervention

Provide Universal Intervention using Free Web Tools

MultiTier Instruction

Writing Characteristics of Students :Mild & Developmental Disabilities

Disorganized Low self-esteem High frustration level Low motivation Unaware of strategies

(Anderson-Inman, 1999; Bridges, 1996; Okolo, 2000; Strum & Rankin, 1997; Zhang, 2000)

Word Processing

How or why do you train students to use word processing?What are the effects of keyboarding?What about alternative keyboards?What are advantages of word prediction?Can prompted writing help?What other strategies can be used to assist students with written language?

Technology can provide• AutoSummarize• Graphic organizer

• Special word tools• Keyboarding• Collaborative

writing

• Alternative Representation of material

• Compensation for weaknesses• Handwriting• Grammar• Spelling• organization

Ways to evaluate effectiveness:

QualityQuantityAccuracy

• Rate• Frequency• Spontanei

ty

Written Expression & TechnologyKeyboards & Input DevicesTranscription

Text to speechWord PredictionVoice Recognition

Creative WritingGraphic OrganizersIdeas for using WordResearch Strategies & Tools

Digital StoryTelling

Keyboards

Kids KeyMini Keyboard

http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Alternative-Keyboards

New Standard Keyboard

http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Alternative-Keyboards

Intellikeys Keyboard

http://www.intellitools.com

Ergonomic Keyboards

http://www.ergosci.com/keyboards.html

TouchScreenUse with onscreen

keyboard

http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Alternative-Keyboards

Whiteboards

Smart Table for collaborative work

Transcription

Keyboarding vs. writingStudents need to be taught keyboardingWhen students start quantity goes downThe process of word processing must be considered as part of the writing process and explicitly taught.

Keyboarding Resources

Diana King Method Keyboarding

Keyboarding research & resourceshttp://keyboarding.wordpress.com/

Crews Middle School Keyboarding

Can you read this?

Effectiveness of spell check

Baseline: 67% accuracy 34 errors in 103 wordsWord processor: accuracy 72%

Labeled 27 of 34 words as incorrectIdentified correct spelling for ONLY 5 wordsbick (bike)sidew (sideway)

tok (took -1)ovr (over -1)oupn (open - 1)

Effectiveness of text to speech feedback and word processor

• Two additional words were identified

grndepants (grandparents) afer (over)

Accuracy: 74%

Text to Speech feedback

ReadPlease http://www.readplease.com Natural Reader http://www.naturalreaders.com See Webtoolbox wiki for more:http://webtoolboxes.wikispaces.com/Reading

Special Spelling Tools

Ghotit

Ginger (14 day trial)

All in one-- Word processors

WYNN by Freedom ScientificRead and Write Gold by TextHelpKurzweil 3000 by KurzweilWrite Outloud by Don JohnstoneReader by CASTIntellitalk by Intellitools

Word PredictionMost of us use word prediction daily…Misconceptions

User does not have to choose one of the words so it does not effect the choice of wordsWill not always provide a correct word and students can override the dictionary so the dictionary fills with misspelled words

Accommodation or Modification?

Effectiveness of word predictionUsing 5 guesses in the word prediction window, 83% accuracyI went to my grandparents and me and my brother got to go swimming. And arved day we ride bikes. We went to the fille and we drit stir. And we went out to rat privy. And at chene we open pitt. The next day I was on my bike and I was riding and my bike got cart and rar ovr sideways and almost got ran afer by a car. But probably tide. And then we went back home. Once we got home we got to ump prinst. And we got lint lamps. And me and my brother took the crd out.

Word prediction observations

Disadvantage of moving from correct keyboarding to the number or mouseTyping faster than words are predictedTendency to type the

whole word even when it appeared in the list.

Word Prediction Tools

Programs integrate with othersWordQ works with WorkWrite Outloud by Don Johnston

Integrated Systems: Word processor, web reader, dictionary, word prediction

Intellitalk by IntellitoolsWYNN by Freedom ScientificRead and Write Gold by TextHelpKurzweil 3000 by Kurzweil

Free demos or 30 day trial

Wissick, 2007

FREE Writing Support

Click n TypeFree onscreen keyboardWord prediction

Voice Recognition

Conversion of speech to textBuilt into operating system to control computer (Windows 7 and Mac OSX)Dragon Naturally Speaking (most well known and used)

Consider 10 hours of training timeConsider reading level to train originally http://www.next-wave-solutions.com/index.html

Word Web

Help with vocabulary for writing

Idea Generator & Word count

Idea GeneratorWord Analyzer

Teaching ActivitiesGraphic OrganizersPrepare activities that will

Scaffold the writing processIntegrate with other activities, standards and contentAllow students to practice using a feature in the w.p. while practicing writing or language skills

Copy/cut/paste or move textEditing skills instead of rewritingFormatting skills

Essentially a visual, or graphic, representation of the organization of

information or of a story•prewriting tool or planning tool

•assess prior knowledge

•organize ideas & blend information into written product

•visualize how new information fits into existing frames

•encourage students to make predictions

•move from a part to a whole

•provide a visual organization for ideas

•visualize the relationships between words & ideas

Prewriting Using Inspiration

Expansion

Graphic & Outline Things I did on summer vacation

I when to camp for two weeks. We rode horses we went on overnight hiking trips I learned to swim

went to stay at my grandma's house I visited my cousins I helped my grandma plant her flowers Grandma made all my favorite foods

family trip to the beach we found lots of sea shells on the beach I met my new best friend at the beach One day there were some dead fish on the beach

Results & Observations Increased quality up to 24% Increased quantity up to 57% Attitudes about Writing

Less resistance to writing Less negative comments and behaviors

Computer Usage Limitations of Keyboarding skills

apparent Keyboarding much improved Computers incentive for many

Writing Strategies More planning observed except during

testing Talk about helpfulness of planning

Blair, 2003

Visual thinking Inspiration 30 dayKidspiration 30 dayCmapFreemindSpark SpaceSmart OrganizerReadWriteThink

Collaborative OrganizersMindmeisterMyWebspirationThinkgraphBubbl.usCreately

Writing Structure the process of writingResearch CollaborativeFree writingSpark an interest in topic

Remember to be effective:Integrate the technology into the

writing process.

Word Processing Activities

Use cut and paste to sequence the sentences:

Eating lunch

We went back home.We went to Subway. We ordered one big sub.We picked our topping.

Language Skills: Reading and Sequencing, Computer skill: cut/paste or move

Word Processing ActivitiesSkill: Matching & moving pictures in a document

UDL Alternatives:•Students can use scissors to cut and paste images.•Students can work with a peer.•Students can use a touch screen

Activities can reinforce facts.

Objective: To redo the group of two sentences to create one sentence use copy, cut and paste.

The kidneys filter out waste.The kidneys filter our blood.

7th grade scienceLanguage activity supports science learning.

Activities can reinforce facts.

Possible sentences:

The kidneys filter out waste in our blood. The kidneys filter out waste as they filter our

blood. The kidneys filter our blood and get our

waste.

7th grade science

Practice one skill at a time

Use the word processor to insert the correct punctuation and capitalization for this paragraph.

it was a dark and stormy night the wind was blowing very hard the rain started to come through the windows and through the cracks in the roof we put pans under the drops we sat in the center of the room to keep warm we could not keep a fire going that night

Review & practice a new skill

Change this paragraph from a gloomy mood to a happy mood by using opposites for certain words.

It was a dark and stormy night. The wind was blowing very hard. The rain started to come through the windows and through the cracks in the roof. We put pans under the drops. We sat in the center of the room to keep warm. We could not keep a fire going that night.

For some students have certain words underlined.

Using Text to Speech & Assessment

Use for testing & individualized assessment- example of a test for a unit on matter

What other activitiesWord study: antonyms, synonyms,Sequencing complete storySequencing words in a sentencesSorting (ex: Fact vs. opinion)Matching word with meaningComparing: Similarities / differences

Research and Writing

WIKIPEDIA

Scroll down languages to Simple English

Autosummarize Demo

Demonstration of Autosummarize

In Word 2007, add autosummarize to the Ribbon

Guided research on the web

Strategy Tutor: http://cst.cast.org/cst/auth-login

CAST: Science Writer

4Teachers.org

Note Star learn to take notes for research

Persuade Star guide to write persuasively

Track Star Tools to support

writing and research

ReadWriteThink

Writing and Publishing Prose

Search by topic, grade, or skill.

Guided work

ReadWriteThink

ReadWriteThink

PBWorks Wikispaces Zoho wiki Google Sites

TIGedHaikuBloggerEdublogs

Wiki Vs.

Blog

Create secure environment for students to write, express and critique

Collaborate with other student: vocabulary

Learn how to provide feedbackPost an article, have students edit

Digital Story Tellingdigital story A short, first person video

narrative created by combining recorded voice, still and moving images, and music or other sounds.

CartoonsAnimationPresentationsVisual and Voice presentations

Bookbuilder

by CASTCreate

books with multiple supports

Voicethread

Digital Storytelling Resources

DoInk collaborate on custom drawings

ToonDoo Cartoon Strip CreatorStorybird short visual storiesKerPoof doodling and moviesPrezi Present and splashGlogster Poster yourself

WordleSpell with FlickerCool Text

FLICKr share photos FlipVideo create video to add to stories Audacity for podcasts and audio

recordings JING easy screen capture

Want a Jing demo?

Rebus Writing

Young Children Students with autism Pictures – rebus writing Advantages

Link objects to photos Link photos to pictures Link pictures to symbols Link symbols to words

Writing with SymbolsTalking word processorRebus writing Interactive Writing or Aug com

Activity

Symbol Worldhttp://www.symbolworld.org

Askability http://www.askability.org.uk/

Want More…

ThinkfinityPBSBBCDiscovery SchoolNational GeographicEducation World

Final Thoughts

Collecting DataGraphing with ExcelHave ideas or resources contact

me.

cwissick@sc.edu

Behavior Tracker Pro

Collect and graph data on behavior

Add multiple students

Edit list of behaviors

Output graphs for duration or frequency.

Apps for Smartphones

Search under: Education Medical

Locabulary – location based vocabulary

iReward

iCommunicate – picture schedule

iConverse