yield and nutritive quality of genetically diverse cowpea accessions for use as food-feed crops
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The 5The 5thth
All Africa Conference on Animal All Africa Conference on Animal AgricultureAgriculture Commercialization of Livestock Agriculture in Africa: Challenges and opportunities October 25-28, 2010.
E.E. Grings1, M. Blümmel2, O. Boukar3, C. Fatokun4, S. Hearne4
International Livestock Research Institute 1Ibadan Nigeria,2Hyderabad, India
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 3Kano and 4Ibadan, Nigeria
YIELD AND NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF GENETICALLY DIVERSE COWPEA ACCESSIONS FOR USE AS
FOOD-FEED CROPS
COWPEA IS AN IMPORTANT FOOD-FEED CROP
THROUGHOUT SEMI-ARID TROPICS
COWPEA IS VALUED FOR ITS
DROUGHT TOLERANCE
ABILITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO SOIL FERTILITY
PRODUCTION OF ANIMAL FODDER
USE OF CEREAL RESIDUES ALONE
RESULTS IN INEFFICIENT LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION
COWPEA HAULMS IMPROVE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY THROUGH INCREASED INTAKE AND
DIGESTIBLITY
Fodder markets are expanding providing increased market pull for cowpea haulm production
Variety Milk Yield, ml/d
Control (no cowpea)
885.8
994-DP 1049.9
IT-716 1377.8
SED 74.6
From Akinlade, 2005
Variety ADG, g
Control (no cowpea)
36.4
Dan 11a 67.7
IT90K-277-2 76.4
SED 0.01
From Singh et al. 2003
Milk yield of Bunjul cows Growth of Yankassa rams
IMPROVED DUAL PURPOSE COWPEA VARIEITES HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE ANIMAL
PERFORMANCE
• Large number of animals
• Long feeding periods
• Large amount of feed
Requirements for in vivo feeding trails
Evaluation of large numbers of genotypes can be improved by rapid
testing methods
Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Advantages to NIRS
• Fast scanning time
• Multiple constituents on one sample
• Minimal sample preparation
• Non-destructive
• No harsh chemicals
COWPEA ACCESSIONS WERE
PLANTED IN MINJIBAR, NIGERIA,
JULY 2009
HARVESTED WHEN PLANT REACHED
95% POD MATURITY,
NOVEMBER 2009
REPRESENTATIVE 500 G SAMPLE OF FODDER BIOMASS WAS
COLLECTED, DRIED, GROUND
SHIPPED TO ILRI, HYDERABAD INDIA FOR NIRS ANALYSIS
MEANS, MAXIMIM AND MIMIMUM VALUES OF AGRONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS FOR 157 COWPEA ACCESSIONS
MEAN SD MIN MAXSeed yield, kg/ha
574 303 28 1547
Fodder yield, kg/ha
2370 1303 585 7432
Days to first flowering
43 8 32 77
Days to 95% pod maturity
76 12 63 134
MEANS, MAXIMIM AND MIMIMUM VALUES OF NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
FOR 157 COWPEA ACCESSIONS
MEAN SD MIN MAX
N, % DM 1.76 0.30 0.97 2.42
NDF, % DM 61.0 2.93 52.4 67.0
ADF, % DM 45.4 3.2 38.2 55.1
ADL, %DM 7.5 0.7 5.8 9.4
IVOMD, % 58.1 1.5 53.8 62.1
ME, MJ/kg 8.46 0.25 7.82 9.37
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Seed Yield, kg/ha
Fo
dd
er
Yie
ld,
kg/h
a
erect
prostrate
Fodder and seed yield of 157 cowpea accessions grown near Kano, Nigeria
r = 0.27, P = 0.0007
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Seed Yield, kg/ha
Hau
lm N
, %
erect
prostrate
r = -0.41, P < 0.0001
Haulm N and seed yield of 157 cowpea accessions grown near Kano, Nigeria
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 50 100 150
Days to 95% pod maturity
Fo
dd
er
Yie
ld,
kg
/ha
erect
prostrate
Fodder yield and days to 95% pod maturity of 157 cowpea accessions grown near Kano,
Nigeria
r = 0.24, P < 0.0028
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Seed Yield, kg/ha
Fo
dd
er
Yie
ld,
kg
/ha
TVU-7155
TVU-408
TVU-393
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Days to 95% pod maturity
N,
% o
f D
M
7.6
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.2
9.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Days to 95% pod maturity
ME
, M
J/kg
CONCLUSION• PHENOTYPIC VARIATION EXISTS FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED DUAL PURPOSE COWPEA
• NIRS IS A RAPID METHOD TO AID IN SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED DUAL-PURPOSE COWPEA
The 5The 5thth
All Africa Conference on Animal All Africa Conference on Animal AgricultureAgriculture Commercialization of Livestock Agriculture in Africa: Challenges and opportunities October 25-28, 2010.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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