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JSEM Conference – May 20071National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Zero Energy Home
Fort Campbell
Derek VeerkampActus Lend Lease
Anne KaltenhauserConcurrent
Technologies Corp
JSEM Conference – May 20072National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Military Housing Privatization
Business Partner to the military– Managing partner– 50 year lease– Develop, Build, Manage, and Maintain
Actus Lend Lease– 40,000 military homes– 8 operational project sites– Sustainability
JSEM Conference – May 20073National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Goal
Sustainable ConceptEasy to UnderstandTangible BenefitStretch Goal
JSEM Conference – May 20074National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Definition
Zero Energy HomeNet Zero Energy HomeNear Zero Energy Home
“Energy consumption equals energy production”
JSEM Conference – May 20075National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Current ZEH Homes
High End Homes– Motivated Buyers– $500,000 - $800,000
Subsidized Homes– Less than 1500 SF– Habitat for Humanity– Cost reduction thru grants, donations, subsidies
Middle Income Home– Our focus
JSEM Conference – May 20076National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Our Project
The “Woodlands”New Subdivision 521 new units51 Single Family Homes, 470 duplex Zero Energy Home budget: $500,000
JSEM Conference – May 20077National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
JSEM Conference – May 20078National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
JSEM Conference – May 20079National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated by:
NDCEENational Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
DoD Executive AgentOffice of the
Assistant Secretary of the Army
(Installations andEnvironment)
Technology Transfer–Supporting DoD Readiness, Sustainability, and Transformation
NDCEE Sustainability Installations Initiatives Task
Near Zero Energy Housing at Ft. CampbellEnergy Modeling Results
The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this briefing are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other official documentation.
JSEM Conference – May 200711National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Energy ModelingPurpose– Assess the expected energy use of various building
features and systems Task Application– Optimize ZEH design and size photovoltaics
Software– eQUEST (DOE-2)
Application Focus– Energy savings rather than detailed design– Comparative results for technologies
JSEM Conference – May 200712National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
ZEH Design Approach
Team members– Ft Campbell Housing– Actus Lend Lease– NDCEE– URS
Technical Approach– Project scoping– Identification of Best Available Technologies (BATs)– Data collection– Develop modeling approach/run initial simulations– Evaluate approach/software capabilities/simulation results– Refine models and determine ZEH technology portfolio
JSEM Conference – May 200713National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
eQUESTComprehensive energy simulation toolPublicly availableFunded by California utility customers Administered by California Public Utilities CommissionSimulation “engine” based on DOE-2 computer programsModeler inputs building, system (HVAC, WH) and weather informationPredicts hourly energy use and costBuilding creation wizardsGraphical reporting
JSEM Conference – May 200714National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Baseline Ft. Campbell Single Family Home
2 Story2,100 ft2 living space325 ft2 garage2 x 4 metal frameR-13 batt in wallAsphalt shingle roofR-38 blown in celluloseUninsulated slab foundationDouble low-e windowsAir source electric heat pumpElectric water heater (20 gallons/person/day)Incandescent & fluorescent lighting West facing (worst case)
JSEM Conference – May 200715National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Profiles
Lighting
Equipment Hot Water
Occupancy
JSEM Conference – May 200716National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Baseline Electric Consumption (1,000 kWh)
0
1
2
3
4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Area Lights Hot Water Pumps & Aux. HP Supp. Misc. Equip. Vent. Fans Space Heat Space Cool
JSEM Conference – May 200717National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Comparison of Baseline Results to DOE RECS Data(by Census Division)
Cooling10%Water
Heating14%
Lighting6%
Heating33%
Appliances37%
Cooling16%
Water Heating
16%
Lighting5%
Heating24%Applian
ces39%
RECS DataMidwest, East North Central
RECS DataSouth, East
South Central
Ft CampbellBaseline Energy
Model
Cooling15%
Water Heating
19%
Lighting5%
Heating26%
Appliances35%
RECS: Residential Energy Consumption Survey
JSEM Conference – May 200718National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Comparison of Baseline Results to Metering Data
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Baseline Model Results
Mean of Metered Data
Standard Deviation of Metered Data
Minimum/Maximum of Metered Data
JSEM Conference – May 200719National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Evaluated Technologies OrientationWall Construction: various stud sizes, wood, steel, SIP, ICFInsulation: R13 batt, spray foam, ICF, SIPWindows: double-glazed, low e vinyl, e filmDoors: metal insulated, wood frame, removal of French doors, finsOverhangs: house, windowsRoofing: asphalt, rubber, concrete, metalAttic Space: R30 blown w/ radiant barrier, vapor retarder, attic fan, radiant barrier drape, R45 blownFoundation: slab w/ and w/o insulation, crawl w/ batt, spray andperimeter insulationHVAC: heat pump, improved SEER, GSHP, two zone GSHPHot Water: tank, GSHP assistLighting: incandescent, fluorescent, CF, daylightingAppliances: Energy Star, high efficiency
JSEM Conference – May 200720National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Orientation, Annual Energy Consumption (1,000 kWh)
0.0% 2.2% 1.8% 0.2% 3.0% 2.7%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Baseline (West) East NorthSouth GSHP Baseline (West)GSHP East GSHP North GSHP South
BASELINE GSHP
JSEM Conference – May 200721National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Lighting, Annual Energy Consumption (1,000 kWh)
1.6% 3.5% 2.0% 4.3%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Baseline Fluorescent CFL GSHP Baseline GSHP Fluorescent GSHP CFL
BASELINE GSHP
JSEM Conference – May 200722National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Appliances, Annual Energy Consumption (1,000 kWh)
0.6%
1.3%
0.3%
0.7%
5.3% 0.
9%
9.0% 0.6%
1.4%
0.3%
0.6%
4.4% 1.0%
8.4%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Baseline Stove OvenRefrigerator Dishwasher Washing MachineClothes Dryer All AppliancesGSHP Baseline GSHP Stove GSHP OvenGSHP Refrigerator GSHP Dishwasher GSHP Washing MachineGSHP Clothes Dryer GSHP All Appliances
BASELINE GSHP
JSEM Conference – May 200723National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Summary of Parametric Savings
9.0%
7.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.4%
0.7%
2.2%
3.5%
4.1%
5.0%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Appliances - High Efficiency
Walls - 6" ICF
GSHP (HVAC and DHW)
GSHP (HVAC)
Lighting - CFL
Orientation - North
Attic - R45 Dwelling and Garage
French Door - Metal insulated, wood frame
French Door - 2 Ft 60 Deg 2 Ft Fins
Roofing - Metal
Baseline
JSEM Conference – May 200724National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Model Issues/Deficiencies
Software developed for commercial buildingsAccuracy associated with specific components and systems uncertainLittle detailed data available for verifying baseline modeling resultsEnergy requirements also dependents on behavior of the occupantsModeling all possible design options time consuming
JSEM Conference – May 200725National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
Potential Next StepsIntegrated design process for developing synergies between architecture and mechanical/electrical systemsNatural day-lighting optionsDual loop ground source heat pumpModel south facing windows with overhangs to take advantage of solar gain in winter, and shading summer sunEconomic feasibility analysisCode review to determine minimum requirements for building envelope and mechanical/electrical systems
JSEM Conference – May 200726National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
QuestionsNDCEE Sustainability Installations Initiatives Task
Near Zero Energy Housing at Ft. CampbellEnergy Modeling Results
Ms. Anne Kaltenhauser, CTC/NDCEE(502) 897-7815
kaltenha@ctc.com
Dr. Chris Rewerts, US Army CERL(217) 373-5825
chris.rewerts@us.army.mil
JSEM Conference – May 200727National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
StakeholdersNDCEE Executive Agent Mr. Tad Davis, DASA (ESOH)
NDCEE Program Director Mr. Hew Wolfe, ODASA (ESOH)
NDCEE Program Manager Dr. Charles Lechner, ODASA (ESOH)
Government Technical Monitor Dr. Chris Rewerts, US Army CERL
NDCEE Team Members Ms. Anne Kaltenhauser, CTCDr. Shannon Lloyd, CTCMr. Pete Spinelli, CTC
This work was funded through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment) and conducted under contract W74V8H-04-D-0005, Task N.0440.
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