An Activity Book for Children

Department of Rural Development and Panchaya� Raj

Government of Maharashtra

for every child

Maharashtra State Commission for Protec�on of Child Rights

UNICEF State Office for Maharashtra

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xzkeiapk;r o ckygDd ;k nksugh ckch rls ikfgys xsys rj eq[; izokgkiklwu FkksM~;k ykacp jkgwu xsY;kps tk.kors- Li"V djko;kps >kys rj ckygDdka fo"k;hph tkx:drk vkf.k ckygDdkaps vLrhRo gs xzkeiapk;rhP;k dkedktk'kh fuxMhr vlrs- xzkeiapk;rhuk egkjk"Vª xzkeiapk;r dk;|karxZar lksifoysY;k fof'k"V dk;kZaeqGs xzkeiapk;r eqykauk R;akps gDd feGowu nsÅu R;kapk lokZaxh.k fodkl dj.;kl eq[;r% tckcnkj Bjrs- ;k fBdk.kh ,d egRokpk iz'u mn~Hkorks dh] ckygDdkackcr tkx:drk vlysyh xzkeiapk;r d'kh ?kMfork ;sbZy\ ;qfulsQus izk;ksxhd rRokoj lq: dsysyh ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;r gh ;kp fn'ksus Vkdysys egRokps ikÅy vkgs- vls dsY;kus la;qDr jk"Vª la?kkyk vis{khr vlysY;k ckygDdkackcrph tkx`rh okLrokr mrjfo.;kpk iz;kl dsyk tkr vkgs- (UNCRC) vkf.k (SDG). ckyLusgh iapk;r ;k ladYiusP;k dsanzLFkkuh xzkeiapk;r vlY;kus ckygDdkackcrps izkFkfed drZO;] vf/kdkj LFkkfud ikrGhoj xzkeiapk;rhdMs lksifoysys vkgsr- xzkeiapk;rhus ckygDdkackcrph iz.kkyh izHkkohi.ks LFkkfud ikrGhoj jkcowu jk"Vªh; o vkarjjk"Vªh; rlsp jkT; ikrGhojhy ckygDdkackcrP;k fofo/k dk;|kps lq;ksX; ikyu d:u izR;sd eqykyk R;kps gDd feGowu ns.ks visf{kr vkgs- ns'kkarxZar nqxZe o vfrnqxZe Hkkxkrhy eqykalkBhgh ;kpk Qk;nk gks.ks visf{kr vkgs-

egkjk"Vª jkT;kps /kksj.k gs usgehp iqjksxkeh vkf.k Lo;aizsjhr jkfgysys vkgs- ex rs] ckygDdkackcrP;k vf/kdkj o drZO;kaps fodsafnzdj.k vlks fdaok R;kaP;k'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k ladYiuka'kh vlks] egkjk"Vª xzkeiapk;r dk;nk vkf.k egkjk"Vª jkT; ckygDd /kksj.k gs egkjk"VªkP;k eqykaP;k dY;k.kkizrh vlysY;k ckaf/kydhps mRre mnkgj.k vkgs- jkT;kP;k pkSnkO;k foRr vk;ksxke/;s uewn dsysY;k rjrqnhauqlkj xzkeiapk;r Lrjkojhy okf"kZd Ñrh vkjk[kMk r;kj djrkuk R;k&R;k xzkeiapk;rhP;k v[kR;kjhr ;s.kkÚ;k

eqykaP;k fopkjkaph o erkaph ;ksX; rh uksan ?ksryh tkoh ;klkBh vko';d R;k rjrqnh dsysY;k vkgsr- Eg.kwup tso<~;k LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk eqykaP;k ekx.;k o R;kapk fodkl ;kckcrhr tckcnkj o izfrlknkRed vlrkr] rso<~;kp jkT;Lrjkojph ;a=.kkgh eqykaps fodklkps gDd] laj{k.kkps gDd] tx.;kps gDd rlsp lgHkkxkP;k gDdkackcr frrD;kp izek.kkr fparhr vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

ckyLusgh iapk;r gh ladYiuk LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk rlsp jkT; ikrGhojhy iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk ;k nksu ;a=.kk ,d= vk.kwu eqykalkBh dk;Z dj.;kph mRre la/kh miyC/k d:u nsrs- eyk vls okVrs dh] ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;krwu jkT;krhy rlsp loZ ns'kkrhy xzkeiapk;rhuk ckyLusgh iapk;r gh ladYiuk uhV letkowu ?ks.;kl enr o ekxZn'kZu djsy- rlsp gs lalk/ku lkfgR; LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk ckygDdkackcr fodsanzhdj.kkP;k rRokaoj vk/kkjhr tckcnkj o ikjn'kZd dkedkt dj.;kl ;ksX; rs ekxZn'kZu nsbZy ;kph eyk [kk=h okVrs-

gs lalk/ku lkfgR; dj.;klkBh ^;qfulsQ* us ?ksrysY;k ifjJekaph rlsp panziwj ftYgk ifj"knsus dsysY;k ;k dk;kZlkBh ykx.kkÚ;k iz'kkldh; lgk¸;kph eh iz'kalk djrks- loZ xzkeiapk;r deZpkjh rlsp fuoMwu vkysys xzkeiapk;r lnL; ;kauh ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk iqjsiwj mi;ksx djkok] v'kh eh R;kauk fouarh djrks- rlsp] ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;koj xzkelHkk] xzkeiapk;r lfeR;k ;kaP;k cSBdhe/;s ;koj ppkZ ?kMowu vk.kkoh o xzkeiapk;r gh ckyLusgh Ogkoh ;klkBh iz;Ru'khy vlkos-

vlhe xqIrk

३

izdk'kd

egkjk"Vª 'kklu ७ ok etyk] cka/kdke Hkou]

eq>Zcku jksM] QksVZ] eqacbZ ४०० ००१ egkjk"Vª rdd.maharashtra.gov.in

'kkldh; ijhogu bekjr] lj ikspduokyk jksM] ojGh eaqcbZ & ४०० ०३० egkjk"Vª www.mscpcr.egov.co.in

^ch* ohax] R-२] VsDuksiksyhl bekjr rGetyk] va/ksjh ¼iwoZ½ eqacbZ] egkjk"Vª] Hkkjr & ४०० ०९३

nwj/ouh & ०२२&२६८७ ५१७१@७२@७३@७४@७५ www.unicef.in

ladYiuk vkf.k fMtkbu ,dk ,p@९] Jhjke 'kj.ke dkWyuh] 'kgkiwj Bk.;ktoG] f=yaxk]k HkksikG&४६२०३९] e/;izns'k ekacollec�ve.wordpress.com

for every child

leikrGhoj eqys] 'kklukrhy Hkkxhnkj

Qsczqokjh २०१८

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xzkeiapk;r o ckygDd ;k nksugh ckch rls ikfgys xsys rj eq[; izokgkiklwu FkksM~;k ykacp jkgwu xsY;kps tk.kors- Li"V djko;kps >kys rj ckygDdka fo"k;hph tkx:drk vkf.k ckygDdkaps vLrhRo gs xzkeiapk;rhP;k dkedktk'kh fuxMhr vlrs- xzkeiapk;rhuk egkjk"Vª xzkeiapk;r dk;|karxZar lksifoysY;k fof'k"V dk;kZaeqGs xzkeiapk;r eqykauk R;akps gDd feGowu nsÅu R;kapk lokZaxh.k fodkl dj.;kl eq[;r% tckcnkj Bjrs- ;k fBdk.kh ,d egRokpk iz'u mn~Hkorks dh] ckygDdkackcr tkx:drk vlysyh xzkeiapk;r d'kh ?kMfork ;sbZy\ ;qfulsQus izk;ksxhd rRokoj lq: dsysyh ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;r gh ;kp fn'ksus Vkdysys egRokps ikÅy vkgs- vls dsY;kus la;qDr jk"Vª la?kkyk vis{khr vlysY;k ckygDdkackcrph tkx`rh okLrokr mrjfo.;kpk iz;kl dsyk tkr vkgs- (UNCRC) vkf.k (SDG). ckyLusgh iapk;r ;k ladYiusP;k dsanzLFkkuh xzkeiapk;r vlY;kus ckygDdkackcrps izkFkfed drZO;] vf/kdkj LFkkfud ikrGhoj xzkeiapk;rhdMs lksifoysys vkgsr- xzkeiapk;rhus ckygDdkackcrph iz.kkyh izHkkohi.ks LFkkfud ikrGhoj jkcowu jk"Vªh; o vkarjjk"Vªh; rlsp jkT; ikrGhojhy ckygDdkackcrP;k fofo/k dk;|kps lq;ksX; ikyu d:u izR;sd eqykyk R;kps gDd feGowu ns.ks visf{kr vkgs- ns'kkarxZar nqxZe o vfrnqxZe Hkkxkrhy eqykalkBhgh ;kpk Qk;nk gks.ks visf{kr vkgs-

egkjk"Vª jkT;kps /kksj.k gs usgehp iqjksxkeh vkf.k Lo;aizsjhr jkfgysys vkgs- ex rs] ckygDdkackcrP;k vf/kdkj o drZO;kaps fodsafnzdj.k vlks fdaok R;kaP;k'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k ladYiuka'kh vlks] egkjk"Vª xzkeiapk;r dk;nk vkf.k egkjk"Vª jkT; ckygDd /kksj.k gs egkjk"VªkP;k eqykaP;k dY;k.kkizrh vlysY;k ckaf/kydhps mRre mnkgj.k vkgs- jkT;kP;k pkSnkO;k foRr vk;ksxke/;s uewn dsysY;k rjrqnhauqlkj xzkeiapk;r Lrjkojhy okf"kZd Ñrh vkjk[kMk r;kj djrkuk R;k&R;k xzkeiapk;rhP;k v[kR;kjhr ;s.kkÚ;k

eqykaP;k fopkjkaph o erkaph ;ksX; rh uksan ?ksryh tkoh ;klkBh vko';d R;k rjrqnh dsysY;k vkgsr- Eg.kwup tso<~;k LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk eqykaP;k ekx.;k o R;kapk fodkl ;kckcrhr tckcnkj o izfrlknkRed vlrkr] rso<~;kp jkT;Lrjkojph ;a=.kkgh eqykaps fodklkps gDd] laj{k.kkps gDd] tx.;kps gDd rlsp lgHkkxkP;k gDdkackcr frrD;kp izek.kkr fparhr vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

ckyLusgh iapk;r gh ladYiuk LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk rlsp jkT; ikrGhojhy iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk ;k nksu ;a=.kk ,d= vk.kwu eqykalkBh dk;Z dj.;kph mRre la/kh miyC/k d:u nsrs- eyk vls okVrs dh] ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;krwu jkT;krhy rlsp loZ ns'kkrhy xzkeiapk;rhuk ckyLusgh iapk;r gh ladYiuk uhV letkowu ?ks.;kl enr o ekxZn'kZu djsy- rlsp gs lalk/ku lkfgR; LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk ckygDdkackcr fodsanzhdj.kkP;k rRokaoj vk/kkjhr tckcnkj o ikjn'kZd dkedkt dj.;kl ;ksX; rs ekxZn'kZu nsbZy ;kph eyk [kk=h okVrs-

gs lalk/ku lkfgR; dj.;klkBh ^;qfulsQ* us ?ksrysY;k ifjJekaph rlsp panziwj ftYgk ifj"knsus dsysY;k ;k dk;kZlkBh ykx.kkÚ;k iz'kkldh; lgk¸;kph eh iz'kalk djrks- loZ xzkeiapk;r deZpkjh rlsp fuoMwu vkysys xzkeiapk;r lnL; ;kauh ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk iqjsiwj mi;ksx djkok] v'kh eh R;kauk fouarh djrks- rlsp] ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;koj xzkelHkk] xzkeiapk;r lfeR;k ;kaP;k cSBdhe/;s ;koj ppkZ ?kMowu vk.kkoh o xzkeiapk;r gh ckyLusgh Ogkoh ;klkBh iz;Ru'khy vlkos-

vlhe xqIrk

३

izdk'kd

egkjk"Vª 'kklu ७ ok etyk] cka/kdke Hkou]

eq>Zcku jksM] QksVZ] eqacbZ ४०० ००१ egkjk"Vª rdd.maharashtra.gov.in

'kkldh; ijhogu bekjr] lj ikspduokyk jksM] ojGh eaqcbZ & ४०० ०३० egkjk"Vª www.mscpcr.egov.co.in

^ch* ohax] R-२] VsDuksiksyhl bekjr rGetyk] va/ksjh ¼iwoZ½ eqacbZ] egkjk"Vª] Hkkjr & ४०० ०९३

nwj/ouh & ०२२&२६८७ ५१७१@७२@७३@७४@७५ www.unicef.in

ladYiuk vkf.k fMtkbu ,dk ,p@९] Jhjke 'kj.ke dkWyuh] 'kgkiwj Bk.;ktoG] f=yaxk]k HkksikG&४६२०३९] e/;izns'k ekacollec�ve.wordpress.com

for every child

leikrGhoj eqys] 'kklukrhy Hkkxhnkj

Qsczqokjh २०१८

egkjk"Vª jkT;kr ckydkaP;k lanHkkZr lqfu;ksthr /kksj.k vfLrRokr vkgs- ns’kkrhy dkgh jkT;krp vls /kksj.k vkgs o egkjk"V jkT; R;kiSdh ,d vxzx.; jkT; vkgs- rls vlys rjhgh] ckydkafo”k;hP;k ;k /kksj.kkpk O;kid n`”Vhdksu oLrqfLFkrhr vk.kwu R;kyk ,dk vfHk;kukps Lo:i ns.;kdjhrk LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk vf/kd ifjJe ?ks.;kph xjt vkgs- gs dk;Z dsoG LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkp dk;Z{kei.ks ikj ikMw 'kdrkr- LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj iznku d:u ckygDdkaP;k lanHkkZr ¼tx.ks] laj{k.k] fodkl o lgHkkx½ fo'ks"k tckcnkjh nsÅu] R;kauk l{ke cuo.;kr egkjk"Vª jkT;kus Lor%ps vxzx.; LFkku ;k vk/khp izLFkkfir dsysys vkgs- ;klkBhP;k rjrqnh egkjk"Vª xzke iapk;r dk;|kP;k fofo/k dyekae/;s dsysY;k vkgsr- dk;|kP;k pkSdVhr jkgqu] LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk ckydkafo"k;hP;k jkT;kP;k /kksj.kkaph vaeyctko.kh djko;kph vlrs- egkjk"Vª jkT; ckygDd laj{k.k vk;ksx] LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkaph ;k lanHkkZrhy egRokph Hkwfedk tk.kwu ?ksÅu R;kaP;k lektkrhy fofo/k ?kVdkalkscr vf/kd toGhdrsus dke dj.;kP;k Hkwfedspk vknj djr vkgs- Eg.kwup] ;qfulsQus iq<kdkj ?ksÅu vkjaHk dsysY;k ^ckyLusgh iapk;rhaP;k* ladYiusdMs eqykaP;k gDdkaph vaeyctko.kh dj.kkjs ,d l'kDr mnkgj.k Eg.kwu cf?krys tkrs-

egkjk"Vª jkT;kr pkSnkO;k foRr vk;ksxkP;k f'kQkj'khuqlkj xzkeiapk;rhuk l{ke d:u fodklkP;k eq[; izfØ;sr lgHkkxh d:u ?ks.;kP;k ik'oZHkwfeoj ^ckyLusgh iapk;rhps* mnkgj.k tkLr BGdi.ks o ;k lanHkkZr vf/kd la;qfDrd Bjrs- tjh vki.k eqykauk dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu fodkl rlsp 'kklu izLFkkfir dj.;kP;k fn'ksus ifgys ikÅy mpyys vlys] rjhgh ;k lanHkkZr l{ke o 'kk'or ;a=.kk fodlhr dj.;klkBh cjsp dkgh dj.;kph vko';drk vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhauk ckygDd laj{k.kkP;k lanHkkZr vf/kd tckcnkj cufo.;kP;k n`f"Vus rlsp eqykauk dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu 'kklukP;k fofo/k ;kstukaph vk[k.kh] eqykaP;k lgHkkxkus dsysY;k vankti=dkps lafu;a=.k b- rjrqnh d:u ;qfulsQph ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;rhph vkn'kZ ladYiuk] eqykauk dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu fodklkP;k n`f"Vus 'kklu ?kMowu vk.k.;kP;k /;s;iwrhZP;k vf/kd toG vk.kys vkgs- ;klkBh] ;qfulsQus ckyLusgh iapk;r lalk/ku lkfgR; lapkph fufeZrh dsyh vkgs- fodkl izfØ;srhy Hkkxhnkj] xzkeiapk;r lnL;] 'kkldh; deZpkjh] lgtdrsZ vkf.k eqykauk ckyLusgh iapk;rhph ladYiuk O;ofLFkr letwu ?ks.;kr] rlsp gh ladYiuk dk;kZfUor d'kh djrk ;sbZy ;klkBh ;k lalk/ku lkfgR; lapkph lanHkZ Eg.kwu Qkj eksBh enr gksbZy-

;k izfØ;se/;s eqykapk lgHkkx ok<owu rlsp xzkeiapk;rhuk ckyLusgh ;kstuk

४

vk[k.;kl o ;k ;kstukuk R;kaP;k fodkl dk;ZØekpk vfoHkkT; Hkkx cufo.;kl ;ksX; rs izksRlkgu nsÅu egkjk"Vª jkT; ckygDd laj{k.k vk;ksx lgk¸; nsÅ bfPNrks- vkEgh ftYgk iz'kklukcjkscj ;k lanHkkZr dk;Z dj.;kl mRlqd vkgksr-

;k lalk/ku lkfgR; lapkPkh enr] LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkuk ckygDdkauk] LFkkfud fodkl vkjk[kMk rlsp lafu;a=.kkP;k izfØ;se/;s] lekfo"V d:u ?ks.;kl lgk¸;d gksbZy ;kph eyk [kk=h okVrs- ;qfulsQus gh

iqfLrdk o lanHkZ lkfgR; lapkph fufeZrh dj.;klkBh ?ksrysys ifjJe o izLrqr dsysY;k egRokP;k eq|kaojhy ekfgrh] th dqBY;kgh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFksyk fdaok lkekftd laLFkkuk ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;r LFkkiusP;k R;kaP;k izoklkr o iz;klkr egRokph Bjsy ;klkBh eh R;kaps dkSrqd djrks-

५

egkjk"Vª jkT;kr ckydkaP;k lanHkkZr lqfu;ksthr /kksj.k vfLrRokr vkgs- ns’kkrhy dkgh jkT;krp vls /kksj.k vkgs o egkjk"V jkT; R;kiSdh ,d vxzx.; jkT; vkgs- rls vlys rjhgh] ckydkafo”k;hP;k ;k /kksj.kkpk O;kid n`”Vhdksu oLrqfLFkrhr vk.kwu R;kyk ,dk vfHk;kukps Lo:i ns.;kdjhrk LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk vf/kd ifjJe ?ks.;kph xjt vkgs- gs dk;Z dsoG LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkp dk;Z{kei.ks ikj ikMw 'kdrkr- LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj iznku d:u ckygDdkaP;k lanHkkZr ¼tx.ks] laj{k.k] fodkl o lgHkkx½ fo'ks"k tckcnkjh nsÅu] R;kauk l{ke cuo.;kr egkjk"Vª jkT;kus Lor%ps vxzx.; LFkku ;k vk/khp izLFkkfir dsysys vkgs- ;klkBhP;k rjrqnh egkjk"Vª xzke iapk;r dk;|kP;k fofo/k dyekae/;s dsysY;k vkgsr- dk;|kP;k pkSdVhr jkgqu] LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauk ckydkafo"k;hP;k jkT;kP;k /kksj.kkaph vaeyctko.kh djko;kph vlrs- egkjk"Vª jkT; ckygDd laj{k.k vk;ksx] LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkaph ;k lanHkkZrhy egRokph Hkwfedk tk.kwu ?ksÅu R;kaP;k lektkrhy fofo/k ?kVdkalkscr vf/kd toGhdrsus dke dj.;kP;k Hkwfedspk vknj djr vkgs- Eg.kwup] ;qfulsQus iq<kdkj ?ksÅu vkjaHk dsysY;k ^ckyLusgh iapk;rhaP;k* ladYiusdMs eqykaP;k gDdkaph vaeyctko.kh dj.kkjs ,d l'kDr mnkgj.k Eg.kwu cf?krys tkrs-

egkjk"Vª jkT;kr pkSnkO;k foRr vk;ksxkP;k f'kQkj'khuqlkj xzkeiapk;rhuk l{ke d:u fodklkP;k eq[; izfØ;sr lgHkkxh d:u ?ks.;kP;k ik'oZHkwfeoj ^ckyLusgh iapk;rhps* mnkgj.k tkLr BGdi.ks o ;k lanHkkZr vf/kd la;qfDrd Bjrs- tjh vki.k eqykauk dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu fodkl rlsp 'kklu izLFkkfir dj.;kP;k fn'ksus ifgys ikÅy mpyys vlys] rjhgh ;k lanHkkZr l{ke o 'kk'or ;a=.kk fodlhr dj.;klkBh cjsp dkgh dj.;kph vko';drk vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhauk ckygDd laj{k.kkP;k lanHkkZr vf/kd tckcnkj cufo.;kP;k n`f"Vus rlsp eqykauk dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu 'kklukP;k fofo/k ;kstukaph vk[k.kh] eqykaP;k lgHkkxkus dsysY;k vankti=dkps lafu;a=.k b- rjrqnh d:u ;qfulsQph ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;rhph vkn'kZ ladYiuk] eqykauk dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu fodklkP;k n`f"Vus 'kklu ?kMowu vk.k.;kP;k /;s;iwrhZP;k vf/kd toG vk.kys vkgs- ;klkBh] ;qfulsQus ckyLusgh iapk;r lalk/ku lkfgR; lapkph fufeZrh dsyh vkgs- fodkl izfØ;srhy Hkkxhnkj] xzkeiapk;r lnL;] 'kkldh; deZpkjh] lgtdrsZ vkf.k eqykauk ckyLusgh iapk;rhph ladYiuk O;ofLFkr letwu ?ks.;kr] rlsp gh ladYiuk dk;kZfUor d'kh djrk ;sbZy ;klkBh ;k lalk/ku lkfgR; lapkph lanHkZ Eg.kwu Qkj eksBh enr gksbZy-

;k izfØ;se/;s eqykapk lgHkkx ok<owu rlsp xzkeiapk;rhuk ckyLusgh ;kstuk

४

vk[k.;kl o ;k ;kstukuk R;kaP;k fodkl dk;ZØekpk vfoHkkT; Hkkx cufo.;kl ;ksX; rs izksRlkgu nsÅu egkjk"Vª jkT; ckygDd laj{k.k vk;ksx lgk¸; nsÅ bfPNrks- vkEgh ftYgk iz'kklukcjkscj ;k lanHkkZr dk;Z dj.;kl mRlqd vkgksr-

;k lalk/ku lkfgR; lapkPkh enr] LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkuk ckygDdkauk] LFkkfud fodkl vkjk[kMk rlsp lafu;a=.kkP;k izfØ;se/;s] lekfo"V d:u ?ks.;kl lgk¸;d gksbZy ;kph eyk [kk=h okVrs- ;qfulsQus gh

iqfLrdk o lanHkZ lkfgR; lapkph fufeZrh dj.;klkBh ?ksrysys ifjJe o izLrqr dsysY;k egRokP;k eq|kaojhy ekfgrh] th dqBY;kgh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFksyk fdaok lkekftd laLFkkuk ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;r LFkkiusP;k R;kaP;k izoklkr o iz;klkr egRokph Bjsy ;klkBh eh R;kaps dkSrqd djrks-

५

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku] la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd ifj"kn (UNCRC) rlsp (SDG) ;kauk vis{khr vlysY;k cky gDdkP;k ijhiwrhZlkBh iz;Ru dj.;kl ;qfulsQ cka/khy vkgs- ckydkauk lkekftd U;k; ¼ckygDd gh lkekftd U;k;kP;k ladYiusr lekfo"V vkgs½ feGowu ns.;klkBhP;k LFkkfud Lojkt laLFkkaph dsanzLFkkuh vlysY;k Hkqfedsph ;qfulsQ iz'kalk

djrs- Hkkjrh; lafo/kkukP;k ७३ vkf.k ७४ O;k

?kVuk nq:Lrhuqlkj LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauh vfr'k; eksykps vf/kdkj nsow dsY;kus ,d ns'k Eg.kwu Hkkjrkus Qkj eksBk iYyk xkByk vkgs- fofo/k jkT;kauk vkiY;k iz'kkldh; dkedktkr cny ?kMowu vk.kwu l{ke iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk mHkkjyh vkgs- ;k izfØ;sr egkjk"Vª jkT; usgeh vxzLFkkuh jkfgys vlwu] vf/kdkjkaP;k fodsanzhdj.kke/;s loZ jkT;kr vOoyLFkkuh jkfgys vkgs-

१४ O;k foRrvk;ksxkP;k LFkkiusuarj

iapk;rhauk xzkeiapk;r fodkl vkjk[kMk dj.;kph eqHkk ns.;kr vkysyh vkgs- ;k izfØ;se/;s foRr vk;ksxkus fu/khpk okij eqykaP;k o efgykaP;k dY;k.kkdjhrk okij.;klkBh ekxZn'kZd rRokaph lfoLrj o lqLi"V ekaM.kh

dsysyh vkgs- १४ O;k foRr vk;ksxkP;k

f'kQkj'khuqlkj dqekjo;hu eqykaP;k ekx.;k o

R;kaP;k leL;kaph uksan ?ks.;klkBh R;kaP;k cjkscj cSBd ?ks.ks vfuok;Z o dk;|kus ca/kudkjd dsysys vkgs- eqykaP;k ifjfLFkrhe/;s cny ?kMowu vk.k.;klkBh laiq.kZ dsys xsysys gs iz;Ru Lokxrgk;Z vkgsr- eqykauk R;kaps gDd feGowu ns.;kP;k n`"Vhus l{kei.ks dk;Zjr vlysys xzkeiapk;r gh vfr'k; egRokph drZO;s ctko.kkjh laLFkk vlY;kps mnkgj.k egkjk"Vªkrhy ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;rhus laiw.kZ ns'kkyk fnys vkgs- ns'kkr brj= ckygDdkaP;k ijhiwrhZlkBh xzkeiapk;rhus ldkjkRed n`f"Vdksu Bsowu xzkeiapk;rhyk vf/kd l{ke dj.;kP;k n`f"Vus ckyLusgh iapk;r lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk fodkl vfr'k; mi;qDr Bj.kkj vkgs-

Lor%P;k fudksi ok<hlkBh laj{khr okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dj.;kP;k izfØ;se/;s eqykaP;k erkps Qkj egRo vkgs- ;k izfØ;slkBh eqykauk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj ns.;kr vkys vlwu ;k vf/kdkjkP;k enrhus R;kauk izkS<ka'kh vFkZiw.kZ laokn lk/kus lgt 'kD; vkgs- ts.ksd:u fodklkP;k izfØ;se/;s R;kapk lgHkkx gksÅ 'kdrks-

;k lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk lap xzkeiapk;rhrhy fuoMwu vkysys lnL; o deZpkjh o ukxjh lkekftd laLFkk] Lo;alsod] lk/ku O;Drh o eqykalkBh r;kj dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs- ckyLusgh iapk;rhph ladYiuk

६

letwu ?ks.;klkBh rlsp R;kfn'ksus ;ksX; okVpky dj.;klkBh egRokps lanHkZ ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;k lapke/;s lfoLrji.ks uewn dsysys vkgsr-

;k lapke/;s ,dq.k ikp iqfLrdkapk lekos'k vkgs- ;k izR;sd iqfLrdse/;s eqykaP;k lokZaxh.k fodklkP;k n`"Vhus dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k izR;sd Hkkx/kkjd laLFkkalkBh egRokP;k ekfgrhpk lekos'k dsysyk vkgs- mnk- ;ksX; fn'ksus okVpky] ckyLusgh iapk;rhyk lgdk;Z ;k iqLrhdse/;s xzkeiapk;rhuh eqykapk lgHkkx ok<o.;kP;k n`"Vhus fu;kstu] fodkl Ñrhps lafu;=.k dls djkos ;k fo"k;h izkR;f{kdklghr ekxZn'kZu dj.;kr vkys vkgs- ^vkEgh eqys] ckyLusgh iapk;rsph LFkkiuk* gh iqfLrdk eqykauk R;kaps gDd] ckyLusgh iz'kklukph ladYiuk ;kph ;ksX; ekfgrh iqjors- rlsp ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhP;k dkedktkOnkjs eqykauk iz'kkldh; izfØ;sr dls lgHkkxh gksrk ;sbZy ;kps ekxZn'kZu djrs- ^,dk leku ikrGhoj iz'kkluke/;s eqykaph Hkkxhnkjh* ;k iqLrhdse/;s ckyLusgh iapk;rhph ladYiuk Li"V dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs-

^vkeps laj{k.k&eqykalkBhP;k dk;|kph vksG[k* ;k iqLrhdse/;s eqykauk R;kaP;k gDdkaP;k laj{k.kklkBh vlysY;k fofo/k ;a=.kkaph ekfgrh ns.;kr vkyh vkgs- rlsp ;k dk;|kaPkk Hkax >kY;kl R;k rØkjhaps fuokj.k djowu ?ks.;klkBh vlysY;k rjrqnhaph iqjs'kh ekfgrh fnyh xsyh vkgs- ljrs 'ksoVh cny ?kMowu vk.k.ks & xzkeiapk;rhrhy lgtdR;kZalkBh vlysyh gLriqfLrdk gh xzkeiapk;rhrhy fuoMysY;k Lo;alsodkalkBh r;kj dsyh vkgs- gs Lo;alsod eqykauk ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhP;k ?kMo.kqdhr

lgk¸; djrkr- lk/ku lkfgR; lap gk fofo/k Lrkjkojhy fuoMwu vkysys izfrfu/kh] deZpkjh] lk/ku O;Drh] izf'k{kd rlsp 'kkldh; o v'kkldh; laLFkkae/;s izkFkehd] ikrGhoj d k ; Z j r vly s s y s L o; a l s od k a P ; k lYykelyrhuarj R;kauk vlysY;k vuqHkokP;k vk/kkjs r;kj dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs-

eyk [kk=h vkgs dh] gk lalk/ku lkfgR; lap laiq.kZ jkT;krhy fofo/k xzkeiapk;rh o Lo;alsoh laLFkkauk ckyLusgh iapk;r r;kj dj.;kP;k izfØ;sr ,d lanHkZ lkfgR; Eg.kwu fo'ks"k mi;qDr Bjsy- ;k izfØ;se/;s eqykaP;k lgHkkxkrwu LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkaP;k dk;kZph {kerk ok<o.;kP;k n`"Vhus gk lap iqjd ekfgrh o ekxZn'kZu cgky djsy ;kr eyk 'kadk ukgh-

;k lanHkZlkfgR;kP;k fufeZrhe/;s eksykpk lgHkkx dj.;klkBh xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx R;kauh gh eqG ladYiuk cgky dsyh- MSCPCR ;kauh fnysyh ekfgrh o vfHkizk;] panziwj ftYgk iz'kklu] panziwj ftYg~;krhy ckyLusgh iapk;rhP;k izk;ksxhd vH;klkps Hkkx/kkjd] uanqjckj] ykrwj rlsp brj ftYg~;krhy lalk/ku O;Drh T;kauh osGksosGh R;kaps vfHkizk; fnys ;k lokZaps eh eu%iwoZd vkHkkj ekurs- ;k lokZaP;k ijhJekps Qyn`i Eg.kts gk lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk lap gks;-

७

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku] la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd ifj"kn (UNCRC) rlsp (SDG) ;kauk vis{khr vlysY;k cky gDdkP;k ijhiwrhZlkBh iz;Ru dj.;kl ;qfulsQ cka/khy vkgs- ckydkauk lkekftd U;k; ¼ckygDd gh lkekftd U;k;kP;k ladYiusr lekfo"V vkgs½ feGowu ns.;klkBhP;k LFkkfud Lojkt laLFkkaph dsanzLFkkuh vlysY;k Hkqfedsph ;qfulsQ iz'kalk

djrs- Hkkjrh; lafo/kkukP;k ७३ vkf.k ७४ O;k

?kVuk nq:Lrhuqlkj LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkauh vfr'k; eksykps vf/kdkj nsow dsY;kus ,d ns'k Eg.kwu Hkkjrkus Qkj eksBk iYyk xkByk vkgs- fofo/k jkT;kauk vkiY;k iz'kkldh; dkedktkr cny ?kMowu vk.kwu l{ke iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk mHkkjyh vkgs- ;k izfØ;sr egkjk"Vª jkT; usgeh vxzLFkkuh jkfgys vlwu] vf/kdkjkaP;k fodsanzhdj.kke/;s loZ jkT;kr vOoyLFkkuh jkfgys vkgs-

१४ O;k foRrvk;ksxkP;k LFkkiusuarj

iapk;rhauk xzkeiapk;r fodkl vkjk[kMk dj.;kph eqHkk ns.;kr vkysyh vkgs- ;k izfØ;se/;s foRr vk;ksxkus fu/khpk okij eqykaP;k o efgykaP;k dY;k.kkdjhrk okij.;klkBh ekxZn'kZd rRokaph lfoLrj o lqLi"V ekaM.kh

dsysyh vkgs- १४ O;k foRr vk;ksxkP;k

f'kQkj'khuqlkj dqekjo;hu eqykaP;k ekx.;k o

R;kaP;k leL;kaph uksan ?ks.;klkBh R;kaP;k cjkscj cSBd ?ks.ks vfuok;Z o dk;|kus ca/kudkjd dsysys vkgs- eqykaP;k ifjfLFkrhe/;s cny ?kMowu vk.k.;klkBh laiq.kZ dsys xsysys gs iz;Ru Lokxrgk;Z vkgsr- eqykauk R;kaps gDd feGowu ns.;kP;k n`"Vhus l{kei.ks dk;Zjr vlysys xzkeiapk;r gh vfr'k; egRokph drZO;s ctko.kkjh laLFkk vlY;kps mnkgj.k egkjk"Vªkrhy ckyLusgh xzkeiapk;rhus laiw.kZ ns'kkyk fnys vkgs- ns'kkr brj= ckygDdkaP;k ijhiwrhZlkBh xzkeiapk;rhus ldkjkRed n`f"Vdksu Bsowu xzkeiapk;rhyk vf/kd l{ke dj.;kP;k n`f"Vus ckyLusgh iapk;r lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk fodkl vfr'k; mi;qDr Bj.kkj vkgs-

Lor%P;k fudksi ok<hlkBh laj{khr okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dj.;kP;k izfØ;se/;s eqykaP;k erkps Qkj egRo vkgs- ;k izfØ;slkBh eqykauk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj ns.;kr vkys vlwu ;k vf/kdkjkP;k enrhus R;kauk izkS<ka'kh vFkZiw.kZ laokn lk/kus lgt 'kD; vkgs- ts.ksd:u fodklkP;k izfØ;se/;s R;kapk lgHkkx gksÅ 'kdrks-

;k lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk lap xzkeiapk;rhrhy fuoMwu vkysys lnL; o deZpkjh o ukxjh lkekftd laLFkk] Lo;alsod] lk/ku O;Drh o eqykalkBh r;kj dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs- ckyLusgh iapk;rhph ladYiuk

६

letwu ?ks.;klkBh rlsp R;kfn'ksus ;ksX; okVpky dj.;klkBh egRokps lanHkZ ;k lalk/ku lkfgR;k lapke/;s lfoLrji.ks uewn dsysys vkgsr-

;k lapke/;s ,dq.k ikp iqfLrdkapk lekos'k vkgs- ;k izR;sd iqfLrdse/;s eqykaP;k lokZaxh.k fodklkP;k n`"Vhus dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k izR;sd Hkkx/kkjd laLFkkalkBh egRokP;k ekfgrhpk lekos'k dsysyk vkgs- mnk- ;ksX; fn'ksus okVpky] ckyLusgh iapk;rhyk lgdk;Z ;k iqLrhdse/;s xzkeiapk;rhuh eqykapk lgHkkx ok<o.;kP;k n`"Vhus fu;kstu] fodkl Ñrhps lafu;=.k dls djkos ;k fo"k;h izkR;f{kdklghr ekxZn'kZu dj.;kr vkys vkgs- ^vkEgh eqys] ckyLusgh iapk;rsph LFkkiuk* gh iqfLrdk eqykauk R;kaps gDd] ckyLusgh iz'kklukph ladYiuk ;kph ;ksX; ekfgrh iqjors- rlsp ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhP;k dkedktkOnkjs eqykauk iz'kkldh; izfØ;sr dls lgHkkxh gksrk ;sbZy ;kps ekxZn'kZu djrs- ^,dk leku ikrGhoj iz'kkluke/;s eqykaph Hkkxhnkjh* ;k iqLrhdse/;s ckyLusgh iapk;rhph ladYiuk Li"V dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs-

^vkeps laj{k.k&eqykalkBhP;k dk;|kph vksG[k* ;k iqLrhdse/;s eqykauk R;kaP;k gDdkaP;k laj{k.kklkBh vlysY;k fofo/k ;a=.kkaph ekfgrh ns.;kr vkyh vkgs- rlsp ;k dk;|kaPkk Hkax >kY;kl R;k rØkjhaps fuokj.k djowu ?ks.;klkBh vlysY;k rjrqnhaph iqjs'kh ekfgrh fnyh xsyh vkgs- ljrs 'ksoVh cny ?kMowu vk.k.ks & xzkeiapk;rhrhy lgtdR;kZalkBh vlysyh gLriqfLrdk gh xzkeiapk;rhrhy fuoMysY;k Lo;alsodkalkBh r;kj dsyh vkgs- gs Lo;alsod eqykauk ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhP;k ?kMo.kqdhr

lgk¸; djrkr- lk/ku lkfgR; lap gk fofo/k Lrkjkojhy fuoMwu vkysys izfrfu/kh] deZpkjh] lk/ku O;Drh] izf'k{kd rlsp 'kkldh; o v'kkldh; laLFkkae/;s izkFkehd] ikrGhoj d k ; Z j r vly s s y s L o; a l s od k a P ; k lYykelyrhuarj R;kauk vlysY;k vuqHkokP;k vk/kkjs r;kj dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs-

eyk [kk=h vkgs dh] gk lalk/ku lkfgR; lap laiq.kZ jkT;krhy fofo/k xzkeiapk;rh o Lo;alsoh laLFkkauk ckyLusgh iapk;r r;kj dj.;kP;k izfØ;sr ,d lanHkZ lkfgR; Eg.kwu fo'ks"k mi;qDr Bjsy- ;k izfØ;se/;s eqykaP;k lgHkkxkrwu LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkaP;k dk;kZph {kerk ok<o.;kP;k n`"Vhus gk lap iqjd ekfgrh o ekxZn'kZu cgky djsy ;kr eyk 'kadk ukgh-

;k lanHkZlkfgR;kP;k fufeZrhe/;s eksykpk lgHkkx dj.;klkBh xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx R;kauh gh eqG ladYiuk cgky dsyh- MSCPCR ;kauh fnysyh ekfgrh o vfHkizk;] panziwj ftYgk iz'kklu] panziwj ftYg~;krhy ckyLusgh iapk;rhP;k izk;ksxhd vH;klkps Hkkx/kkjd] uanqjckj] ykrwj rlsp brj ftYg~;krhy lalk/ku O;Drh T;kauh osGksosGh R;kaps vfHkizk; fnys ;k lokZaps eh eu%iwoZd vkHkkj ekurs- ;k lokZaP;k ijhJekps Qyn`i Eg.kts gk lalk/ku lkfgR;kpk lap gks;-

७

lkVs xkoph cky iapk;r-

ckyLusgh iapk;r

^^ckyd** Eg.kts dks.k\

३

ckygDdkapk bfrgkl

UNCRC : ekxZn'kZd rRos vkf.k xzkeiapk;r

eqykapk tx.;kpk gDd

eqykaP;k lqjf{krrspk gDd

eqykaP;k fodklkpk gDd

eqykapk lgHkkxh gks.;kpk gDd

'kklu

eqykaP;k 'kklukrhy lgHkkxkP;k 'kD;rspk vH;kl dj.ks

ckygDdkalkBhps fu;kstu

rØkjhaps fujkdj.k ¼gkrkG.kh½

ckygDd oLrqfLFkrhr jkcfo.;kP;k fn'ksus okVpky

९

lkVs xkoph cky iapk;r-

ckyLusgh iapk;r

^^ckyd** Eg.kts dks.k\

३

ckygDdkapk bfrgkl

UNCRC : ekxZn'kZd rRos vkf.k xzkeiapk;r

eqykapk tx.;kpk gDd

eqykaP;k lqjf{krrspk gDd

eqykaP;k fodklkpk gDd

eqykapk lgHkkxh gks.;kpk gDd

'kklu

eqykaP;k 'kklukrhy lgHkkxkP;k 'kD;rspk vH;kl dj.ks

ckygDdkalkBhps fu;kstu

rØkjhaps fujkdj.k ¼gkrkG.kh½

ckygDd oLrqfLFkrhr jkcfo.;kP;k fn'ksus okVpky

९

११

११

vusd o"kkZiwohZ vkeP;k ,dk xVkus egkjk"Vªkrhy ijHk.kh ftYg~;kyk HksV fnyh gksrh- ijHk.kh ftYg~;krhy vusd xkokaiSdh ,d ygkuls [ksMs xko Eg.ktsp lkVsxko- ;k xkokrhy vfr'k; fuVusVD;k NksVs[kkuh izkFkehd 'kkGsus izFke vkeps y{k os/kwu ?ksrys- ;k 'kkGsrhy eqys&eqyh xjhc 'ksrdjh dqVwackrhy vlwu ns[khy LoPN x.kos'kkrhy glreq[k eqys gksrh- f'kLrfiz; rjhgh izseG vl.kkjs f'k{kd] vkuanh fo|kFkhZ oxZ] 'kkGsP;k fofo/k jaxkauh o lwpd lqcd fp=kauh jaxfoysY;k fHkarh] NksVs[kkuh ckx lokZaps y{k os/kwu ?ks.;kl iqjs'kh gksrh- vkEgh 'kkGsyk HksV fnyh rsaOgk 'kkGse/;s eqykaph o f'k{kdkaph yxcx pkyw gksrh- dkgh eqya&eqyh ckxsrhy >kMkauk ik.kh ?kkyr gksrs] rj dkgh 'kkGsP;k vkokjkr >kMyksV djr gksrs- oxkZ&oxkZe/kwu fo|kFkhZ ckda O;oLFkhr yko.ks] oxkZph LoPNrk dj.ks bR;knh djrkuk vk<Gyh- 'kkGsrhy f'k{kd gs eqykauk ;k loZ dkeke/;s cjkscjhus enr djr gksrs- t.kw dkgh loZt.k ,df=ri.ks eqykauk R;kaph 'kkGk lTt d:u ns.;kr xqarysys gksrs- 'kkGsrhy okrkoj.k brds mRlkgh o ldkjkRed gksrs dh] vkEgh vkeP;kgh udGr ;k loZ yxcxhe/;s lkehy >kyks- glr&[ksGr eqykacjkscj o f'k{kdkacjkscj osG d/kh x¢yk gs gh vkEgkyk letys ukgh- ldkjkRed mtsZus vksr&izksr HkjysY;k R;k ifjljkrwu fu?krkuk vilqdp vkeps ikÅy tM >kys-

'kkGsrhy ;k okrkoj.kkfo"k;h o lokZauh ?ksrysY;k ijhJekph Qy{k`rh c?kwu vkEgh vpachr >kyks- 'kkGsrhy fo|kF;kZaP;k xGrh ckcrP;k vusd ?kVuk ;kiwohZ vkEgh ikfgY;k o ,sdY;k gksR;k rlsp vusd 'kkGkaP;k eksMdGhl vkysY;k bekjrh] 'kkGkae/khy mnklhu okrkoj.k] rqVysY;k [kqP;kZ] rqVysyh Vscys] eksMds&rksMds ckd] LoPNrspk vHkko vl.kkjk ifjlj] vLoPN 'kkSpky;s] xSjgtj vl.kkjs f'k{kd vusd fBdk.kh vkEgh ;kiwohZ cf?krys gksrs- ;k ik'oZHkwfeoj lkVsxkoph izkFkehd 'kkGk o frps osxGsi.k vkEgkyk vf/kdp izd"kkZus tk.koys- gh 'kkGk fuf'prp osxGh gksrh- brj 'kkGkaP;k rqyusr ;k 'kkGse/;s vl.kkÚ;k veqykxz rQkorheqGs vkeph ftKklk tkx`r >kyh o vkEgh R;kpk l[kksy vH;kl dj.;kps Bjfoys- ;k cnykekxP;k eq[; dkj.kkapk vkEgkyk 'kks/k ?;ko;kpk gksrk- v'kk izdkjs lkVxkoe/khy ckyiapk;rhfo"k;h ekfgrh vkEgkyk feGkyh- lu २००० lkykiklwu ijHk.kh ftYg~;kr cÚ;kp ckyiapk;rh dk;Z'khy vlY;kps letrs- lq:okrhP;k dkgh o"kkZe/;s ckyiapk;rhus eq[; dk;Z 'kkGkaae/khy iVla[;k ok<fo.;kps y{kos/kh dke dsysys vkgs- R;kp cjkscj xzke lHkse/;s ckyiapk;r lnL;kauh 'kkGsP;k o vks?kkus f'k{k.kkP;k fuÑ"V ntkZ fo"k;h xzke lHkse/;s Li"V ukjkth O;Dr djk;yk lq:okr dsyh- R;kosGh viqÚ;k oxZ[kksY;k] uknq:Lr vlysyh 'kkSpky;s] 'kkGsP;k /kksdknk;d bekjrh] 'kkGsP;k vktwcktwyk vl.kkjk xyhPN ifjlj ;k fo"k;h xzke iapk;rhr ppkZ gksow ykxyh- eqykapk ;k ppsZe/;s y{k.kh; lgHkkx vk<Gwu ;k;yk ykxyk-

eqykauh rGeGhus ;k fopkjysY;k iz'ukae/kwu lektkps y{k eqykafo"k;hP;k R;kaP;kdMwu >kysY;k nwyZ{kkdMs izd"kkZus os/kys xsys o gGq&gGq xkokae/khy 'kkGkaph lq/kkj.kk gksÅ ykxyh- 'kkGse/kwu xGrh >kysys fo|kFkhZ iqu% 'kkGsr ;sow ykxys- eqykauh gGq&gGq xkokae/khy f'k{kdkaP;k enrhus 'kkGspk ifjlj LoPN Bsok;yk lq:okr dsyh- v'kk i/nrhus VI;k&VI;kus 'kkGsps fp= ikyVw ykxys- ijHk.kh ftYg~;krhy vusd 'kkGkauh lkVs xkoP;k 'kkGsps mnkgj.k MksG~;kleksj Bsowu vkikiY;k xkokr ^vkuannk;h f'k{k.k* ns.kkÚ;k 'kkGk fuekZ.k dsY;k- lkVsxkoP;k mnkgj.kkus vkeP;k eukoj Blk meVyk- eqykauh o f'k{kdkauh rlsp xkokrhy brj izkS< O;Drhauh ,desdkaP;k lgk¸;kus ?kMowu vk.kysyk gk cny uDdhp izsj.kknk;h vkgs- Eg.kwup lkVsxko gs 'kklukrhy eqykaP;k Ñrh'khy lgHkkxkrwu xkokpk fodkl ?kMowu vk.k.kkjs xkokps ,d mRre mnkgj.k vkgs

१२

xzkeiapk;r] xzkelHkk] fofo/k foHkkxkrhy ljdkjh vf/kdkjh] osxosxG~;k ljdkjh laLFkk ¼vax.kokMh] 'kkGk½ ;k loZ laLFkkaph ,d=hri.ks tckcnkjh Eg.kts xkokrhy eqykaph ;ksX; rh dkGth ?ksowu eqykaP;k ^HkY;klkBh dke dj.ks* gs gks;-

xkokrhy fofo/k miØe ;'kLohfjR;k jkcfo.;ke/;s o ;k miØek ap s fu;k stu] vaeyctko.kh] lafu=.k o osGksosGh ;k miØekapk vk<kok ?ks.ks ;k loZ dk;kZe/;s xzkeiapk;rhph vfr'k; egRokph Hkqfedk vlrs- ckyLusgh iapk;r gh laLFkk xkoke/;s eqykaps fgr dsanzLFkkuh BsÅu jkcfo.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k fofo/k miØekauk lgk¸;rk djrs- rlsp ;k miØekaph vaeyctko.kh o lafu;a=.kkph tckcnkjh ?ksrs- ;kpkp vFkZ ckyLusgh laLFkk gh xzkeiapk;rhps deZpkjh] xkokrhy dqVwac o lxG~;kr egRokps Eg.kts xkokrhy eqykacjkscj toGhd lk/kwu dk;ZØekaph vk[k.kh djrs-

xkokrhy izR;sd eqykyk R;kps gDd feGrhy ;kdMs ckyLusgh iapk;r dkVsdksji.ks y{k nsrs- ¼ckygDdkaph lfoLrj ppkZ ;k iqfLrdsP;k

iq<hy Hkkxkae/;s dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs-½

xkoke/;s vusd O;Drh vlrkr T;kauk xkokrhy eqykafo"k;h dGdG vlrs- v'kk O;Drh ;k eqykalkBh dke dj.;kl lrr rRij vlrkr o xkokP;k fodklkP;k vusd miØekae/;s lsokHkkoh o`Rrhus lgHkkxh gksrkr- v'kk O;Drhauk ,d= vk.kwu R;kaP;krhy dkgh fuoMd lnL;kaph ckylaj{k.k lferh LFkkiu djrk ;sÅ 'kdrs- R;kizek.ks dkgh O;Drhauk eqykacjkscj dke dj.;klkBh lgtdrsZ Eg.kwu userk ;srs- ckylaj{kd lferhps lnL; o lgtdR;kZph Hkwfedk gh eqykauk enr dj.ks] R;kaP;k vMp.kh o leL;k letwu ?ks.ks] eqykauk R;kaph ers fuladkspi.ks ekaM.;klkBh izksRlkgu ns.ks rlsp ckyiapk;r vkf.k xzkeiapk;r ;k nksu laLFkke/;s leUo;dkph Hkwfedk fuHkko.ks gs vkgs-

१३

vusd o"kkZiwohZ vkeP;k ,dk xVkus egkjk"Vªkrhy ijHk.kh ftYg~;kyk HksV fnyh gksrh- ijHk.kh ftYg~;krhy vusd xkokaiSdh ,d ygkuls [ksMs xko Eg.ktsp lkVsxko- ;k xkokrhy vfr'k; fuVusVD;k NksVs[kkuh izkFkehd 'kkGsus izFke vkeps y{k os/kwu ?ksrys- ;k 'kkGsrhy eqys&eqyh xjhc 'ksrdjh dqVwackrhy vlwu ns[khy LoPN x.kos'kkrhy glreq[k eqys gksrh- f'kLrfiz; rjhgh izseG vl.kkjs f'k{kd] vkuanh fo|kFkhZ oxZ] 'kkGsP;k fofo/k jaxkauh o lwpd lqcd fp=kauh jaxfoysY;k fHkarh] NksVs[kkuh ckx lokZaps y{k os/kwu ?ks.;kl iqjs'kh gksrh- vkEgh 'kkGsyk HksV fnyh rsaOgk 'kkGse/;s eqykaph o f'k{kdkaph yxcx pkyw gksrh- dkgh eqya&eqyh ckxsrhy >kMkauk ik.kh ?kkyr gksrs] rj dkgh 'kkGsP;k vkokjkr >kMyksV djr gksrs- oxkZ&oxkZe/kwu fo|kFkhZ ckda O;oLFkhr yko.ks] oxkZph LoPNrk dj.ks bR;knh djrkuk vk<Gyh- 'kkGsrhy f'k{kd gs eqykauk ;k loZ dkeke/;s cjkscjhus enr djr gksrs- t.kw dkgh loZt.k ,df=ri.ks eqykauk R;kaph 'kkGk lTt d:u ns.;kr xqarysys gksrs- 'kkGsrhy okrkoj.k brds mRlkgh o ldkjkRed gksrs dh] vkEgh vkeP;kgh udGr ;k loZ yxcxhe/;s lkehy >kyks- glr&[ksGr eqykacjkscj o f'k{kdkacjkscj osG d/kh x¢yk gs gh vkEgkyk letys ukgh- ldkjkRed mtsZus vksr&izksr HkjysY;k R;k ifjljkrwu fu?krkuk vilqdp vkeps ikÅy tM >kys-

'kkGsrhy ;k okrkoj.kkfo"k;h o lokZauh ?ksrysY;k ijhJekph Qy{k`rh c?kwu vkEgh vpachr >kyks- 'kkGsrhy fo|kF;kZaP;k xGrh ckcrP;k vusd ?kVuk ;kiwohZ vkEgh ikfgY;k o ,sdY;k gksR;k rlsp vusd 'kkGkaP;k eksMdGhl vkysY;k bekjrh] 'kkGkae/khy mnklhu okrkoj.k] rqVysY;k [kqP;kZ] rqVysyh Vscys] eksMds&rksMds ckd] LoPNrspk vHkko vl.kkjk ifjlj] vLoPN 'kkSpky;s] xSjgtj vl.kkjs f'k{kd vusd fBdk.kh vkEgh ;kiwohZ cf?krys gksrs- ;k ik'oZHkwfeoj lkVsxkoph izkFkehd 'kkGk o frps osxGsi.k vkEgkyk vf/kdp izd"kkZus tk.koys- gh 'kkGk fuf'prp osxGh gksrh- brj 'kkGkaP;k rqyusr ;k 'kkGse/;s vl.kkÚ;k veqykxz rQkorheqGs vkeph ftKklk tkx`r >kyh o vkEgh R;kpk l[kksy vH;kl dj.;kps Bjfoys- ;k cnykekxP;k eq[; dkj.kkapk vkEgkyk 'kks/k ?;ko;kpk gksrk- v'kk izdkjs lkVxkoe/khy ckyiapk;rhfo"k;h ekfgrh vkEgkyk feGkyh- lu २००० lkykiklwu ijHk.kh ftYg~;kr cÚ;kp ckyiapk;rh dk;Z'khy vlY;kps letrs- lq:okrhP;k dkgh o"kkZe/;s ckyiapk;rhus eq[; dk;Z 'kkGkaae/khy iVla[;k ok<fo.;kps y{kos/kh dke dsysys vkgs- R;kp cjkscj xzke lHkse/;s ckyiapk;r lnL;kauh 'kkGsP;k o vks?kkus f'k{k.kkP;k fuÑ"V ntkZ fo"k;h xzke lHkse/;s Li"V ukjkth O;Dr djk;yk lq:okr dsyh- R;kosGh viqÚ;k oxZ[kksY;k] uknq:Lr vlysyh 'kkSpky;s] 'kkGsP;k /kksdknk;d bekjrh] 'kkGsP;k vktwcktwyk vl.kkjk xyhPN ifjlj ;k fo"k;h xzke iapk;rhr ppkZ gksow ykxyh- eqykapk ;k ppsZe/;s y{k.kh; lgHkkx vk<Gwu ;k;yk ykxyk-

eqykauh rGeGhus ;k fopkjysY;k iz'ukae/kwu lektkps y{k eqykafo"k;hP;k R;kaP;kdMwu >kysY;k nwyZ{kkdMs izd"kkZus os/kys xsys o gGq&gGq xkokae/khy 'kkGkaph lq/kkj.kk gksÅ ykxyh- 'kkGse/kwu xGrh >kysys fo|kFkhZ iqu% 'kkGsr ;sow ykxys- eqykauh gGq&gGq xkokae/khy f'k{kdkaP;k enrhus 'kkGspk ifjlj LoPN Bsok;yk lq:okr dsyh- v'kk i/nrhus VI;k&VI;kus 'kkGsps fp= ikyVw ykxys- ijHk.kh ftYg~;krhy vusd 'kkGkauh lkVs xkoP;k 'kkGsps mnkgj.k MksG~;kleksj Bsowu vkikiY;k xkokr ^vkuannk;h f'k{k.k* ns.kkÚ;k 'kkGk fuekZ.k dsY;k- lkVsxkoP;k mnkgj.kkus vkeP;k eukoj Blk meVyk- eqykauh o f'k{kdkauh rlsp xkokrhy brj izkS< O;Drhauh ,desdkaP;k lgk¸;kus ?kMowu vk.kysyk gk cny uDdhp izsj.kknk;h vkgs- Eg.kwup lkVsxko gs 'kklukrhy eqykaP;k Ñrh'khy lgHkkxkrwu xkokpk fodkl ?kMowu vk.k.kkjs xkokps ,d mRre mnkgj.k vkgs

१२

xzkeiapk;r] xzkelHkk] fofo/k foHkkxkrhy ljdkjh vf/kdkjh] osxosxG~;k ljdkjh laLFkk ¼vax.kokMh] 'kkGk½ ;k loZ laLFkkaph ,d=hri.ks tckcnkjh Eg.kts xkokrhy eqykaph ;ksX; rh dkGth ?ksowu eqykaP;k ^HkY;klkBh dke dj.ks* gs gks;-

xkokrhy fofo/k miØe ;'kLohfjR;k jkcfo.;ke/;s o ;k miØek ap s fu;k stu] vaeyctko.kh] lafu=.k o osGksosGh ;k miØekapk vk<kok ?ks.ks ;k loZ dk;kZe/;s xzkeiapk;rhph vfr'k; egRokph Hkqfedk vlrs- ckyLusgh iapk;r gh laLFkk xkoke/;s eqykaps fgr dsanzLFkkuh BsÅu jkcfo.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k fofo/k miØekauk lgk¸;rk djrs- rlsp ;k miØekaph vaeyctko.kh o lafu;a=.kkph tckcnkjh ?ksrs- ;kpkp vFkZ ckyLusgh laLFkk gh xzkeiapk;rhps deZpkjh] xkokrhy dqVwac o lxG~;kr egRokps Eg.kts xkokrhy eqykacjkscj toGhd lk/kwu dk;ZØekaph vk[k.kh djrs-

xkokrhy izR;sd eqykyk R;kps gDd feGrhy ;kdMs ckyLusgh iapk;r dkVsdksji.ks y{k nsrs- ¼ckygDdkaph lfoLrj ppkZ ;k iqfLrdsP;k

iq<hy Hkkxkae/;s dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs-½

xkoke/;s vusd O;Drh vlrkr T;kauk xkokrhy eqykafo"k;h dGdG vlrs- v'kk O;Drh ;k eqykalkBh dke dj.;kl lrr rRij vlrkr o xkokP;k fodklkP;k vusd miØekae/;s lsokHkkoh o`Rrhus lgHkkxh gksrkr- v'kk O;Drhauk ,d= vk.kwu R;kaP;krhy dkgh fuoMd lnL;kaph ckylaj{k.k lferh LFkkiu djrk ;sÅ 'kdrs- R;kizek.ks dkgh O;Drhauk eqykacjkscj dke dj.;klkBh lgtdrsZ Eg.kwu userk ;srs- ckylaj{kd lferhps lnL; o lgtdR;kZph Hkwfedk gh eqykauk enr dj.ks] R;kaP;k vMp.kh o leL;k letwu ?ks.ks] eqykauk R;kaph ers fuladkspi.ks ekaM.;klkBh izksRlkgu ns.ks rlsp ckyiapk;r vkf.k xzkeiapk;r ;k nksu laLFkke/;s leUo;dkph Hkwfedk fuHkko.ks gs vkgs-

१३

vkiY;k ns'kkr osxosxG~;k dk;|kae/;s ^^ckyd** 'kCnkP;k osxosxG~;k O;k[;k fnysY;k vk<Grkr- ;kpeqGs ^ckyd* Eg.kqu dks.kkyk lacks/kys tkos gk xaqrkxqarhpk o xksa/kGo.kkjk iz'u vkgs- [kkyh fnysY;k vkÑrhe/;s osxosxG~;k ̂ckyd* 'kCnkP;k osxosxG~;k dk;|kauh lkafxrysyh o;kse;kZnk uewn dsysY;k vkgsr-

१४ १५

lektke/;s ygku eqykaP;k xjtk o vlqj{khrrk ;k xks"Vh R;kaP;k o;kijRos cnyr tkrkr- mnk- tUekyk vkY;kcjkscj ckGkyk R;kaP;k fdaok frP;k fudksi 'kkfjjhd o ekulhd ok<hlkBh ekrsps nq/k vR;ko';d vlrs- rlsp] ckGkph jksxizfrdkjd 'kDrh ok<o.;kps dke ekrsps nq/k djrs- gsp ckG FkksMs eksBs >kys dh] ckylaxksiu o ckyf'k{k.k ;k ckch egRokP;k Bjrkr- ckGkps vkSipkjhd f'k{k.k gs o;kP;k ६ O;k o"khZ lq: Ogk;yk gos- o;kP;k १२ O;k o"kkZi;Zar lektkr okoj.;klkBh R;kyk@rhyk ftou dkS'kY;s vkRelkr djkoh ykxkrkr- ;kpkp vFkZ ckyi.k gs ,dkp xks"Vhoj voyacwu ulwu R;ke/;s lokZafx.k xks"Vhapk izHkko vlrks vkf.k ckGkP;k o;kizek.ks izHkko dj.kkÚ;k xks"Vh vijhgk;Zi.ks cnyr tkrkr-

UNCRC P;k ;k O;k[;syk /k:u eqykalkBh fofo/k miØekaph ;kstukiwoZd vk[k.kh dj.ks xzkeiapk;rhyk enr d: 'kdrs- ts.ksd:u १८ o"kkZi;ZarP;k eqykalkBh miØekaph vk[k.kh xzkeiapk;rhyk dj.ks lqyHk gksbZy

panziwj ftYg~;krhy HkVkGk xzkeiapk;rhe/;s xkokrhy eqykalkscr fofo/k miØe dj.;klkBh Lo;alsodkph lgtdrkZ Eg.kwu use.kqd dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- ;k xkoke/;s ckylnL;kaph ckylHkk fuekZ.k dsyh xsyh- rlsp] ckyiapk;r ns[khy r;kj dj.;kr vkyh-

१४

१८

१६

१८

६ १४

१४

१८

vkiY;k ns'kkr osxosxG~;k dk;|kae/;s ^^ckyd** 'kCnkP;k osxosxG~;k O;k[;k fnysY;k vk<Grkr- ;kpeqGs ^ckyd* Eg.kqu dks.kkyk lacks/kys tkos gk xaqrkxqarhpk o xksa/kGo.kkjk iz'u vkgs- [kkyh fnysY;k vkÑrhe/;s osxosxG~;k ̂ckyd* 'kCnkP;k osxosxG~;k dk;|kauh lkafxrysyh o;kse;kZnk uewn dsysY;k vkgsr-

१४ १५

lektke/;s ygku eqykaP;k xjtk o vlqj{khrrk ;k xks"Vh R;kaP;k o;kijRos cnyr tkrkr- mnk- tUekyk vkY;kcjkscj ckGkyk R;kaP;k fdaok frP;k fudksi 'kkfjjhd o ekulhd ok<hlkBh ekrsps nq/k vR;ko';d vlrs- rlsp] ckGkph jksxizfrdkjd 'kDrh ok<o.;kps dke ekrsps nq/k djrs- gsp ckG FkksMs eksBs >kys dh] ckylaxksiu o ckyf'k{k.k ;k ckch egRokP;k Bjrkr- ckGkps vkSipkjhd f'k{k.k gs o;kP;k ६ O;k o"khZ lq: Ogk;yk gos- o;kP;k १२ O;k o"kkZi;Zar lektkr okoj.;klkBh R;kyk@rhyk ftou dkS'kY;s vkRelkr djkoh ykxkrkr- ;kpkp vFkZ ckyi.k gs ,dkp xks"Vhoj voyacwu ulwu R;ke/;s lokZafx.k xks"Vhapk izHkko vlrks vkf.k ckGkP;k o;kizek.ks izHkko dj.kkÚ;k xks"Vh vijhgk;Zi.ks cnyr tkrkr-

UNCRC P;k ;k O;k[;syk /k:u eqykalkBh fofo/k miØekaph ;kstukiwoZd vk[k.kh dj.ks xzkeiapk;rhyk enr d: 'kdrs- ts.ksd:u १८ o"kkZi;ZarP;k eqykalkBh miØekaph vk[k.kh xzkeiapk;rhyk dj.ks lqyHk gksbZy

panziwj ftYg~;krhy HkVkGk xzkeiapk;rhe/;s xkokrhy eqykalkscr fofo/k miØe dj.;klkBh Lo;alsodkph lgtdrkZ Eg.kwu use.kqd dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- ;k xkoke/;s ckylnL;kaph ckylHkk fuekZ.k dsyh xsyh- rlsp] ckyiapk;r ns[khy r;kj dj.;kr vkyh-

१४

१८

१६

१८

६ १४

१४

१८

१- iapk;r lnL;kauk ckygDdkackcrph ekfgrh o ;ksX; rh tk.k vkgs-

२- ckyiapk;rhus lektkrhy eqy o brj ?kVdkae/;s lkrR;kus osGksosGh laokn lk/k.;kl iq<s ;k;yk gos-

v- eqykalkscr dke dj.kkÚ;k lgtdR;kZP;k fuoM izfØ;sr fØ;k'khy lgHkkx-

c- lgtdR;kZP;k eku/kukph rjrwn gh xzkeiapk;rhP;k fu/khrwu dj.;kr ;koh-

d- ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhP;k dkedktk fo"k;hph fu;ekoyh iapk;r dk;kZy;kr ykok;yk goh-

M- xzkelHkse/;s xkokrhy eqykaP;k fofo/k leL;kaoj ppkZ ?kMowu vk.kkoh-

b- eqykapk fodkl o R;kaP;k laj{k.kkfo"k;h lektke/;s tutkx`rh eksfge gkrh ?;koh-

bZ- ckylHkk o ckyiapk;r ;kaP;k cSBdhe/;s eqykauk fofo/k fo"k;kaoj R;kaP;k i/nrhus lknjhdj.k dj.;klkBh izksRlkgu |kos-

३- xkokrhy eqykaP;k l|fLFkrhckcr xzkeiapk;rhyk lfoLrj ekfgrh vlkoh-

v- vukFk eqykaph la[;k-

c- eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;kl vl{ke o vleFkZ vlysY;k dqVwackaph la[;k-

d- xkokrhy fnO;kax eqykaph la[;k-

M- xkokrhy dqiks"khr eqykaph la[;k-

b- xkokrhy fofo/k jkstxkjake/;s xqarowu dqVwackyk vkfFkZd lgk¸; djkos ykx.kkÚ;k eqykaph la[;k-

bZ- fofo/k vlkekftd ifjfLFke/;s cGh tk.;kpk /kksdk vlysY;k eqykaph la[;k-

४- xzkeiapk;rhus eqykauk R;kaP;k fudksi ok<hlkBh fofo/k lks;h&lqfo/kk miyC/k d:u |k;yk gO;kr-

v- ntsZnkj vkjksX; lqfo/kk-

c- ntsZnkj f'k{k.k O;oLFkk-

d- eqykauk feG.kkÚ;k vkfFkZd rjrqnh R;kauk ;ksX; osGh iqjfoY;k tkrhy ;kdMs fo'ks"k y{k ns.ks-

M- eqykai;Zar R;kaP;klkBh vl.kkÚ;k fofo/k rjrqnh fouk vMFkGk R;kaP;ki;Zar iksgprhy ;kph dkGth ?ks.ks-

b- eqykalkBh fØMkax.k o fØMk lkfgR;kph rjrwn dj.ks-

bZ- eqykaP;k vokarj okpuklkBh iqjs'kk iqLrdkaph o okpuky;kph lks; dj.ks-

५- [kkyhy eq|kackcr ijh.kkedkjd miØe jkcfo.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus fof'k"V iz.kkyh fodlhr djkO;kr-

v- eqykauk R;kaps er fu%ladkspi.ks ekaMrk ;sÅu R;kaP;k erkph ;ksX; uksan ?ks.ks-

c- eqykauk R;kaP;k rØkjh uksanrk ;k;yk gO;kr-

d- eqykauh dsysY;k rksaMh rØkjhaph R;kaP;kp vkoktkr uksan djrk ;k;yk goh-

M- eqykaP;k leL;kaps fujkdj.k] ;ksX; dkjokbZ] ;ksX; osGh dsyh xsyh ikfgts-

b- xzkeiapk;rhP;k cSBdhe/;s eqykaP;k leL;kafo"k;h lfoLrj ppkZ ?kMowu vk.kyh ikfgts-

६- ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhe/;s xzkeiapk;rhus lØh; lgHkkx ?ks.ks lqyHk gks.;kP;k n`"Vhus fof'k"V iz.kkyh fodlhr djk;yk goh-

१६ १७

१- iapk;r lnL;kauk ckygDdkackcrph ekfgrh o ;ksX; rh tk.k vkgs-

२- ckyiapk;rhus lektkrhy eqy o brj ?kVdkae/;s lkrR;kus osGksosGh laokn lk/k.;kl iq<s ;k;yk gos-

v- eqykalkscr dke dj.kkÚ;k lgtdR;kZP;k fuoM izfØ;sr fØ;k'khy lgHkkx-

c- lgtdR;kZP;k eku/kukph rjrwn gh xzkeiapk;rhP;k fu/khrwu dj.;kr ;koh-

d- ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhP;k dkedktk fo"k;hph fu;ekoyh iapk;r dk;kZy;kr ykok;yk goh-

M- xzkelHkse/;s xkokrhy eqykaP;k fofo/k leL;kaoj ppkZ ?kMowu vk.kkoh-

b- eqykapk fodkl o R;kaP;k laj{k.kkfo"k;h lektke/;s tutkx`rh eksfge gkrh ?;koh-

bZ- ckylHkk o ckyiapk;r ;kaP;k cSBdhe/;s eqykauk fofo/k fo"k;kaoj R;kaP;k i/nrhus lknjhdj.k dj.;klkBh izksRlkgu |kos-

३- xkokrhy eqykaP;k l|fLFkrhckcr xzkeiapk;rhyk lfoLrj ekfgrh vlkoh-

v- vukFk eqykaph la[;k-

c- eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;kl vl{ke o vleFkZ vlysY;k dqVwackaph la[;k-

d- xkokrhy fnO;kax eqykaph la[;k-

M- xkokrhy dqiks"khr eqykaph la[;k-

b- xkokrhy fofo/k jkstxkjake/;s xqarowu dqVwackyk vkfFkZd lgk¸; djkos ykx.kkÚ;k eqykaph la[;k-

bZ- fofo/k vlkekftd ifjfLFke/;s cGh tk.;kpk /kksdk vlysY;k eqykaph la[;k-

४- xzkeiapk;rhus eqykauk R;kaP;k fudksi ok<hlkBh fofo/k lks;h&lqfo/kk miyC/k d:u |k;yk gO;kr-

v- ntsZnkj vkjksX; lqfo/kk-

c- ntsZnkj f'k{k.k O;oLFkk-

d- eqykauk feG.kkÚ;k vkfFkZd rjrqnh R;kauk ;ksX; osGh iqjfoY;k tkrhy ;kdMs fo'ks"k y{k ns.ks-

M- eqykai;Zar R;kaP;klkBh vl.kkÚ;k fofo/k rjrqnh fouk vMFkGk R;kaP;ki;Zar iksgprhy ;kph dkGth ?ks.ks-

b- eqykalkBh fØMkax.k o fØMk lkfgR;kph rjrwn dj.ks-

bZ- eqykaP;k vokarj okpuklkBh iqjs'kk iqLrdkaph o okpuky;kph lks; dj.ks-

५- [kkyhy eq|kackcr ijh.kkedkjd miØe jkcfo.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus fof'k"V iz.kkyh fodlhr djkO;kr-

v- eqykauk R;kaps er fu%ladkspi.ks ekaMrk ;sÅu R;kaP;k erkph ;ksX; uksan ?ks.ks-

c- eqykauk R;kaP;k rØkjh uksanrk ;k;yk gO;kr-

d- eqykauh dsysY;k rksaMh rØkjhaph R;kaP;kp vkoktkr uksan djrk ;k;yk goh-

M- eqykaP;k leL;kaps fujkdj.k] ;ksX; dkjokbZ] ;ksX; osGh dsyh xsyh ikfgts-

b- xzkeiapk;rhP;k cSBdhe/;s eqykaP;k leL;kafo"k;h lfoLrj ppkZ ?kMowu vk.kyh ikfgts-

६- ckylHkk o ckyiapk;rhe/;s xzkeiapk;rhus lØh; lgHkkx ?ks.ks lqyHk gks.;kP;k n`"Vhus fof'k"V iz.kkyh fodlhr djk;yk goh-

१६ १७

vki.k vkiys gDd ?ksÅup tUekyk vkysys vlrks- izR;sd O;Drhyk R;kps gDd vlrkr- ;k tUetkr feGkysY;k gDdkaukp ^ekuoh gDd* vls lacks/kys tkrs- tx.;klkBh ykx.kkÚ;k izkFkfed xjtk Eg.ktsp ekuoh gDd gks;- tls iqjsl vUu] oL=] fuokjk] laj{k.k] dkGth ;k xjtk ekuokP;k ̂ekx.;kais{kk^ osxG~;k vkgsr- tx.;klkBh bfPNr ,s"kksvkjkekykp ̂ekx.;k* vls lacka/kys tkrs- ,s"kksvkjkeklkBh vl.kkÚ;k fofo/k lqfo/kkapk] osG vkY;kl] vki.k R;kx d: 'kdrks- rlsp R;kaP;kf'kok; vki.k txw 'kdrks- ijarw izkFkfed xjtkackcr dks.krhgh rMtksM djrk ;sr ukgh- vkiY;kyk tx.;klkBh] vkjksX;klkBh]

ikyd

lqj{khrrslkBh o vkRelUekukus tx.;klkBh ;k izkFkehd xjtk iqjfoY;k tk.ks vfr'k; egRokps vkgs- Eg.kwu ;k xjtkauk ^ekuoh gDd* vls lacks/khys tkrs-

lektkrhy eqykaP;k xjtk ;k izkS<kais{kk uDdhp osxG~;k Lo:ikP;k vlrkr- lektkpk gk ?kVd vusd ckcrhr izkS<kaoj folacwu vlrks- mnk- eqykr R;kaps vfLrRo] fodkl] laj{k.k b- ;kp dkj.kkLro eqys gh vkiY;k lektkrhy vlqjf{kr ?kVd Bjrkr- ;kp dkj.kkus eqykauk dkgh fo'ks"k vf/kdkj la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd vf/kdkj la?kVusus cgky dsysys vkgsr o ;kp vf/kdkjkauk ckygDd vls lacksf/kys tkrs- ;kuqlkj eqya gh ckygDdkaps /kkjd vlrkr o R;kauk R;kaps mfpr gDd ns.;kps izFke dRkZO; gs lektkrhy izkS<kaps vlrs- izkS<kaph izeq[k tckcnkjh gh loZ

eqykauk loZdkG R;kaps gDd vxnh R;kaP;k tUekiklwu R;kauk ns.;kph eksBh tckcnkjh vkgs-

vkRelUekukus tx.;kph la/kh o [kk=h vkiys gDd vkiY;kyk nsow djr vlrkr- ekuoh gDdkaP;k dsanzLFkkuh ̂vkRelUekukph* Hkkouk vkgs- dks.krsgh eqya tj lrr vkjksi] f'k{kk] NG] ekjgk.k o brj eqykaP;k rqyusr deh vlY;kph tk.kho ?ksÅu txr vlsy] rj v'kk eqykauk vkRelUekukus tx.ks vfr'k; vo?kM gksow 'kdrs- dsoG ifjfLFkrhus xjhc fdaok xkatysY;k dqVwackr ,[kk|k eqykpk tUe >kyk vkgs Eg.kwu R;kyk R;kP;k gDdkaiklwu oafpr Bso.ks gs uSfrdrsyk /k:u ukgh- v'kk eqykapk R;kaP;k gDdkaoj lektkrhy brj eqykabrdkp fdacgquk] FkksMk vf/kdp] vf/kdkj vlrks- ;kpkp vFkZ] eqyk&eqykae/;s ;kckcrhr HksnHkko vlwp 'kdr ukgh- fyaxHksn] tkr&ikr] /keZ] izkar] lkekftdLrj] o; fdaok viaxRo b-

xzkeiapk;riapk;r lferh] ftYgk ifj"kn

'kkldh; ;a=.kk

fuoMysys l nL;

vkjksX; lsfodk] vax.kokMh

lsfodk] 'kkGsrhy f'k{kd] iapk;r

lfpo] loZ foHkkxkrhy 'kkldh;

deZpkjh ¼xko ikrGhojhy½

xko

iapk;r lferhxV ikrGhojhy iz'kklu vkf.k xVikrGhojhy loZ 'kkldh; deZpkjh

ftYgk iapk;rftYgkLrjkojhy iz'kklu] loZ foHkkxkrhy 'kkldh; deZpkjh

xkoke/;s fuekZ.k dsysY;k fofo/klfeR;k

cky laj{k.k lferh] xko vkjksX; lferh o LoPNrk lferhtSo fofo/krk lferh on{krk lferh

१८ १९

thou tx.;kpk gDdvkjksX;iks"k.kuko

jk"Vªh;Ro

f'k{k.kklkBh dkGthpkfoJkarhpk

lkaLÑrhd miØe

fiGo.kwdhiklwuNGo.kwdhiklwunwyZ{kkiklwu

vkiY;kyk ekuoh gDd o ckygDd lgtklgth fdaok fouklk;kl feGkysys ukghr- ckygDdkapk izokl gk Qkj iwohZ] Eg.ktsp ifgY;k fo'o;q/n ¼१९१४&१९१८½ ;k ljR;k dkGkr tkLr BGdi.ks lq: >kY;kps

letrs- ;k izfØ;syk fo'o;q/n&२ ¼१९३९&१९४२½ laiY;kuarjP;k dkGke/;s tkLr xrh izkIr >kyh- ;k nksUgh fo'o;q/nkaeqGs txke/;s loZ= fouk'k o e`R;wps Hk;kud rkaMo >kY;kps vkiY;kyk bfrgkl lkaxrks- ;k loZ ?kMkeksaMhapk foifjr ifj.kke gk lokZr tkLr izek.kkr txkrhy eqykaoj >kyk- ;k loZ xks"Vhapk fopkj dsY;kuarj txkrhy leLr ns'kkaP;k gh xks"V y{kkr vkyh dh] ,desdkaP;k lgdk;kZus o 'kkarrsP;k ekxkZusp lxG~;kaps tx.ks lq[kdj gksÅ 'kdrs- rls u dsY;kl] fouk'k] ekuokaps gky vkf.k lxG~;kr eksBs Eg.kts ekuokaph] fo'ks"kr% ygku eqykaph vlqjf{krrk ;kpk var gks.ks nqjkikLr vkgs-

txkrhy loZ ns'kkauh ,d= ;sowu la;qDr jk"Vª la?kkph Lfkkiuk vkWDVks- २४]१९४५] ;kfno'kh dj.;kr vkyh- la?kVusrQsZ ekuoh gDdkaph tkxfrd ?kks"k.kk r;kj dj.;kr vkyh o R;kpk vkSipkjhd vafxdkj gk

fMlsacj] १०]१९४८ lkyh dj.;kr vkyk- ;kp djkjkuqlkj izFkep eqykaP;k osxG~;k gDdkauk fo'ks"k egRo izkIr >kys- eqykaph vlqjf{krrk y{kkr ?ksÅup R;kaP;klkBh fo'ks"k gDdkaph rjrwn dj.;kph xjt o fudM y{kkr ?ksowu r'kh rjrqn dj.;kr vkyh- la;qDr jk"Vª la?kkus la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDdka fo"k;hP;k ifj"knsrhy lwpukapk fLodkj uksOgscj] २०]१९८९ lkyh dsyk- ;ke/;s] eqykaps gDd lfoLrjfjR;k ekaMys xsysys vkgsr- ;k ifj"knse/;s loZ ns'kkauh ,df=ri.ks loZ eqykalkBh leku ckygDd vlkosr vlk Bjko eatwj dsyk- vkarjjk"Vªh;Lrjkoj la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd ifj"kn gh eqykaP;k ukxjh] jktdh;] vkfFkZd] lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd gDdkaps tru dj.;kl drZO;c/n vkgs o vls dj.ks R;kauk dk;|kus ca/kudkjd vkgs- ckygDdkae/;s uewn dsysyk izR;sd gDd gk nqlÚ;k brj gDdkaoj voyacwu vkgs o ,dk gDdkiklwu nqljk gDd foHkDr djrk ;sow 'kdr ukgh- ;kpkp vFkZ] ,dk gDdkph iwrZrk djrkuk nqlÚ;k gDdkph ik;eYyh gksÅ 'kdr ukgh- fMlsacj] ११]१९९२ lkyh Hkkjrkus la;qDrjk"Vª ckygDd ifj"knsyk ekU;rk nsowu cky gDdkafo"k;h vkiyh opuc/nrk tkfgj dsyh vkgs- la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd ifj"knsus ,dw.k ५४ dyekapk nLrkost r;kj dsysyk vkgs-

R;kiSdh dye १ rs dye ४२ e/;s ckygDdkafo"k;h lfoLrj ppkZ dsysyh vkgs- dye ४३ rs dye ५४

vfHkO;Drhpkekfgrhpkfopkjkapk/kekZpk

vki.k vkiys gDd ?ksÅup tUekyk vkysys vlrks- izR;sd O;Drhyk R;kps gDd vlrkr- ;k tUetkr feGkysY;k gDdkaukp ^ekuoh gDd* vls lacks/kys tkrs- tx.;klkBh ykx.kkÚ;k izkFkfed xjtk Eg.ktsp ekuoh gDd gks;- tls iqjsl vUu] oL=] fuokjk] laj{k.k] dkGth ;k xjtk ekuokP;k ̂ekx.;kais{kk^ osxG~;k vkgsr- tx.;klkBh bfPNr ,s"kksvkjkekykp ̂ekx.;k* vls lacka/kys tkrs- ,s"kksvkjkeklkBh vl.kkÚ;k fofo/k lqfo/kkapk] osG vkY;kl] vki.k R;kx d: 'kdrks- rlsp R;kaP;kf'kok; vki.k txw 'kdrks- ijarw izkFkfed xjtkackcr dks.krhgh rMtksM djrk ;sr ukgh- vkiY;kyk tx.;klkBh] vkjksX;klkBh]

ikyd

lqj{khrrslkBh o vkRelUekukus tx.;klkBh ;k izkFkehd xjtk iqjfoY;k tk.ks vfr'k; egRokps vkgs- Eg.kwu ;k xjtkauk ^ekuoh gDd* vls lacks/khys tkrs-

lektkrhy eqykaP;k xjtk ;k izkS<kais{kk uDdhp osxG~;k Lo:ikP;k vlrkr- lektkpk gk ?kVd vusd ckcrhr izkS<kaoj folacwu vlrks- mnk- eqykr R;kaps vfLrRo] fodkl] laj{k.k b- ;kp dkj.kkLro eqys gh vkiY;k lektkrhy vlqjf{kr ?kVd Bjrkr- ;kp dkj.kkus eqykauk dkgh fo'ks"k vf/kdkj la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd vf/kdkj la?kVusus cgky dsysys vkgsr o ;kp vf/kdkjkauk ckygDd vls lacksf/kys tkrs- ;kuqlkj eqya gh ckygDdkaps /kkjd vlrkr o R;kauk R;kaps mfpr gDd ns.;kps izFke dRkZO; gs lektkrhy izkS<kaps vlrs- izkS<kaph izeq[k tckcnkjh gh loZ

eqykauk loZdkG R;kaps gDd vxnh R;kaP;k tUekiklwu R;kauk ns.;kph eksBh tckcnkjh vkgs-

vkRelUekukus tx.;kph la/kh o [kk=h vkiys gDd vkiY;kyk nsow djr vlrkr- ekuoh gDdkaP;k dsanzLFkkuh ̂vkRelUekukph* Hkkouk vkgs- dks.krsgh eqya tj lrr vkjksi] f'k{kk] NG] ekjgk.k o brj eqykaP;k rqyusr deh vlY;kph tk.kho ?ksÅu txr vlsy] rj v'kk eqykauk vkRelUekukus tx.ks vfr'k; vo?kM gksow 'kdrs- dsoG ifjfLFkrhus xjhc fdaok xkatysY;k dqVwackr ,[kk|k eqykpk tUe >kyk vkgs Eg.kwu R;kyk R;kP;k gDdkaiklwu oafpr Bso.ks gs uSfrdrsyk /k:u ukgh- v'kk eqykapk R;kaP;k gDdkaoj lektkrhy brj eqykabrdkp fdacgquk] FkksMk vf/kdp] vf/kdkj vlrks- ;kpkp vFkZ] eqyk&eqykae/;s ;kckcrhr HksnHkko vlwp 'kdr ukgh- fyaxHksn] tkr&ikr] /keZ] izkar] lkekftdLrj] o; fdaok viaxRo b-

xzkeiapk;riapk;r lferh] ftYgk ifj"kn

'kkldh; ;a=.kk

fuoMysys l nL;

vkjksX; lsfodk] vax.kokMh

lsfodk] 'kkGsrhy f'k{kd] iapk;r

lfpo] loZ foHkkxkrhy 'kkldh;

deZpkjh ¼xko ikrGhojhy½

xko

iapk;r lferhxV ikrGhojhy iz'kklu vkf.k xVikrGhojhy loZ 'kkldh; deZpkjh

ftYgk iapk;rftYgkLrjkojhy iz'kklu] loZ foHkkxkrhy 'kkldh; deZpkjh

xkoke/;s fuekZ.k dsysY;k fofo/klfeR;k

cky laj{k.k lferh] xko vkjksX; lferh o LoPNrk lferhtSo fofo/krk lferh on{krk lferh

१८ १९

thou tx.;kpk gDdvkjksX;iks"k.kuko

jk"Vªh;Ro

f'k{k.kklkBh dkGthpkfoJkarhpk

lkaLÑrhd miØe

fiGo.kwdhiklwuNGo.kwdhiklwunwyZ{kkiklwu

vkiY;kyk ekuoh gDd o ckygDd lgtklgth fdaok fouklk;kl feGkysys ukghr- ckygDdkapk izokl gk Qkj iwohZ] Eg.ktsp ifgY;k fo'o;q/n ¼१९१४&१९१८½ ;k ljR;k dkGkr tkLr BGdi.ks lq: >kY;kps

letrs- ;k izfØ;syk fo'o;q/n&२ ¼१९३९&१९४२½ laiY;kuarjP;k dkGke/;s tkLr xrh izkIr >kyh- ;k nksUgh fo'o;q/nkaeqGs txke/;s loZ= fouk'k o e`R;wps Hk;kud rkaMo >kY;kps vkiY;kyk bfrgkl lkaxrks- ;k loZ ?kMkeksaMhapk foifjr ifj.kke gk lokZr tkLr izek.kkr txkrhy eqykaoj >kyk- ;k loZ xks"Vhapk fopkj dsY;kuarj txkrhy leLr ns'kkaP;k gh xks"V y{kkr vkyh dh] ,desdkaP;k lgdk;kZus o 'kkarrsP;k ekxkZusp lxG~;kaps tx.ks lq[kdj gksÅ 'kdrs- rls u dsY;kl] fouk'k] ekuokaps gky vkf.k lxG~;kr eksBs Eg.kts ekuokaph] fo'ks"kr% ygku eqykaph vlqjf{krrk ;kpk var gks.ks nqjkikLr vkgs-

txkrhy loZ ns'kkauh ,d= ;sowu la;qDr jk"Vª la?kkph Lfkkiuk vkWDVks- २४]१९४५] ;kfno'kh dj.;kr vkyh- la?kVusrQsZ ekuoh gDdkaph tkxfrd ?kks"k.kk r;kj dj.;kr vkyh o R;kpk vkSipkjhd vafxdkj gk

fMlsacj] १०]१९४८ lkyh dj.;kr vkyk- ;kp djkjkuqlkj izFkep eqykaP;k osxG~;k gDdkauk fo'ks"k egRo izkIr >kys- eqykaph vlqjf{krrk y{kkr ?ksÅup R;kaP;klkBh fo'ks"k gDdkaph rjrwn dj.;kph xjt o fudM y{kkr ?ksowu r'kh rjrqn dj.;kr vkyh- la;qDr jk"Vª la?kkus la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDdka fo"k;hP;k ifj"knsrhy lwpukapk fLodkj uksOgscj] २०]१९८९ lkyh dsyk- ;ke/;s] eqykaps gDd lfoLrjfjR;k ekaMys xsysys vkgsr- ;k ifj"knse/;s loZ ns'kkauh ,df=ri.ks loZ eqykalkBh leku ckygDd vlkosr vlk Bjko eatwj dsyk- vkarjjk"Vªh;Lrjkoj la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd ifj"kn gh eqykaP;k ukxjh] jktdh;] vkfFkZd] lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd gDdkaps tru dj.;kl drZO;c/n vkgs o vls dj.ks R;kauk dk;|kus ca/kudkjd vkgs- ckygDdkae/;s uewn dsysyk izR;sd gDd gk nqlÚ;k brj gDdkaoj voyacwu vkgs o ,dk gDdkiklwu nqljk gDd foHkDr djrk ;sow 'kdr ukgh- ;kpkp vFkZ] ,dk gDdkph iwrZrk djrkuk nqlÚ;k gDdkph ik;eYyh gksÅ 'kdr ukgh- fMlsacj] ११]१९९२ lkyh Hkkjrkus la;qDrjk"Vª ckygDd ifj"knsyk ekU;rk nsowu cky gDdkafo"k;h vkiyh opuc/nrk tkfgj dsyh vkgs- la;qDr jk"Vª ckygDd ifj"knsus ,dw.k ५४ dyekapk nLrkost r;kj dsysyk vkgs-

R;kiSdh dye १ rs dye ४२ e/;s ckygDdkafo"k;h lfoLrj ppkZ dsysyh vkgs- dye ४३ rs dye ५४

vfHkO;Drhpkekfgrhpkfopkjkapk/kekZpk

LoPN ik.kh o lkoZtfud LoPNrslkBh 'kk'or ;kstuk vk[k.ks o R;kph vaeyctko.kh dj.ks-

vkfFkZdn`"V~;k ijoM.kkjh 'kk'or o fo'oklkgZ mtsZps L=ksr fuekZ.k d:u

vk/kqfud mtkZ ra=kpk voyac dj.ks-

loZlekos'kd o 'kk'or vkfFkZd ok<hpk iqjLdkj dj.ks o lokZauk

iw.kZosG o iqjslk vkfFkZd ekscnyk ns.kkÚ;k jkstxkjkaph rjrwn dj.ks-

e/;s ckydkauk R;kaps gDd [kk=hyk;dfjR;k dls nsrk ;srhy ;koj 'kklu o brj laLFkkauh djko;kP;k mik;;kstukapk mgkiksg dsysyk vk<Grks- dye १ rs ४२ gs ,dw.k pkj Hkkxkr foHkkxysys vkgs] tx.;kpk gDd] fodklkpk gDd] laj{k.kkpk gDd o lgHkkxh gks.;kpk gDd- ;k ifj"knsus tkjh dsysY;k fu;ekoyhpk eq[; gsrw gk txkrhy loZ eqykauk vkuanh] vkjksX;iw.kZ o lqjf{kri.ks tx.;klkBh vlysys iwjd okrkoj.k fuekZ.k dj.ks vkgs- ts.ksd:u loZ eqykaph 'kkjhfjd] ekufld o Hkkofud ok< lqn`< o fudksi gksbZy- ;k iqfLrdsP;k ifjf'k"V&१ e/;s ;k pkjgh foHkkxkrhy dyekafo"k;hph eq[; ekfgrh ns.;kr vkysyh vkgs-

vkrk vki.k la;qDr jk"Vª ifj"knsP;k 'kk'or fodklkP;k ladYiusfo"k;h] vlysY;k /;s;kfo"k;h tk.kwu ?ksÅ;k-txkrhy fofo/k la?kVuk xjhchps mPpkVu dj.;klkBh dVhc/n vkgsr- ekuo tkrhP;k fodklkdjoh le`/nhdMs tk.;kpk ekxZ ;k la?kVukauh voyacfoysyk vkgs- la;qDrjk"Vª ifj"kn gh v'kh ;a=.kk vkgs] th txkrhy fofo/k ns'kkrhy vusd la?kVukaP;ke/;s ;kfo"k;h vls fu;kstu vk[k.kh dj.;kP;k gsrwus laokn izLFkkfir dj.;klkBh dk;Zjr vkgs- ts.ksd:u loZ txkyk HksMlkor vlysY;k xjhchP;k Hk;adj leL;sfojks/kkr ,d=hr ;sowu dke dj.;kP;k 'kD;rkaph iMrkG.kh gksÅ 'kdsy-

tsOgk xzkeiapk;rh ukxjhadklkBh mi;qDr ;kstuk jkcfors fo'ks"kr% eqykalkBh] rsOgk Hkkjr ljdkus la;qDrjk"Vª ifj"knsyk fnysY;k opukaP;k iwrhZP;k n`f"Vus vilqdp ,d iq<ps ikÅy iMrs-

laiw.kZ txkrhy loZ Lrjkojhy xjhchps mPpkVu dj.ks-

iwjs'kh vUu lqj{kk] lq/kkjhr iks"kd vkgkj o txkrhy miklekj laifo.ks o

'kk'or Ñ"kh ra=Kkyk ikBhack ns.ks-

loZ o;ksxVkrhy yksdkauk vkjksX;iw.kZ vk;q"; feGsy ;k n`f"Vus iz;Ru dj.ks-

lokZauk leku o ntsZnkj fujarj f'k{k.kkP;k la/kh miyC/k d:u ns.ks-

efgyk o eqyhaps lcyhdj.k dj.;klkBh fyax lekurspk izpkj o izlkj dj.ks-

२०

१७

२१

rkaf=d m|ksxkalkBh etcwr ik;k vlysyh ;a=.kk r;kj dj.ks o loZ ?kVdkauk lekfo"V d:u 'kk'or

vkS|ksfxdj.kkpk iqjLdkj dj.ks vkf.k vk/kqfud ra=Kkukpk fLodkj dj.ks-

vkarjjk"Vªh; Lrjkoj ns'kk&ns'kkae/khy vlysY;k vlekursps mPpkVu dj.ks

o rs laiq"Vkr vk.k.ks-

ukxjh oLrh o xzkeh.k oLrhe/;s vlysY;k ukxjhdkaP;k lqjf{krrspk

izkeq[;kus fopkj d:u R;kn`f"Vus 'kk'or mik;;kstuk dj.ks-

mRiknu vkf.k miHkksxkps 'kk'or mik; o ;kstuk vk[k.ks o R;kaph vaeyctko.kh dj.ks-

tkxfrd okrkoj.kkr gks.kkjs cny o R;kpk ekuokoj gks.kkÚ;k foijhr ifj.kkekaph

rhozrk deh dj.;kP;k n`f"Vus rkrMhph mik;;kstuk dj.ks-

ulS fxdZ lia Rrhp s ¼leqnz] egklkxj o leqnzkrhy [kftus b-½ laj{k.k o

lao/kZu d:u 'kk'or fodklklkBh ;k fulxZnRr laiRrhpk ;ksX; 'kk'or mi;ksx d:u ?ks.ks-

Hkwrykojhy thol`"Vh] uSlfxZd laiRrhps tru d:u ¼taxy o ouLirh½ R;kaps laj{k.k d:u ekuoh

gkypkyheqGs gks.kkjk R;kpk Úgkl Fkkacfo.ks ¼taxyrksM½ vkf.k tSol`"Vhyk iksgksp.kkÚ;k ?kkrd xks"Vhauk vkGk ?kky.ks] vkf.k i;kZ;kus tSo fofo/krsps j{k.k dj.ks-

txke/;s loZLrjkojhy ukxjhdkalkBh 'kkarrk izLrkfir d:u 'kk'or

fodklkdMs okVpky dj.;kl lgk¸; dj.ks- rlsp] tckcnkj] ifj.kkedkjd o loZlekfo"V la?kVukapk fodkl ?kMowu vU;k;kiklwu lokZauk laj{k.k ns.ks-

'kk'or fodklklkBh fofo/kLrjkojhy ?kVdkauk tkxfrd ikrGhoj

lgHkkxh gks.;kl iqjd okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dj.ks o mik; ;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh dj.kkÚ;k ?kVdkauk cGdV dj.ks-

LoPN ik.kh o lkoZtfud LoPNrslkBh 'kk'or ;kstuk vk[k.ks o R;kph vaeyctko.kh dj.ks-

vkfFkZdn`"V~;k ijoM.kkjh 'kk'or o fo'oklkgZ mtsZps L=ksr fuekZ.k d:u

vk/kqfud mtkZ ra=kpk voyac dj.ks-

loZlekos'kd o 'kk'or vkfFkZd ok<hpk iqjLdkj dj.ks o lokZauk

iw.kZosG o iqjslk vkfFkZd ekscnyk ns.kkÚ;k jkstxkjkaph rjrwn dj.ks-

e/;s ckydkauk R;kaps gDd [kk=hyk;dfjR;k dls nsrk ;srhy ;koj 'kklu o brj laLFkkauh djko;kP;k mik;;kstukapk mgkiksg dsysyk vk<Grks- dye १ rs ४२ gs ,dw.k pkj Hkkxkr foHkkxysys vkgs] tx.;kpk gDd] fodklkpk gDd] laj{k.kkpk gDd o lgHkkxh gks.;kpk gDd- ;k ifj"knsus tkjh dsysY;k fu;ekoyhpk eq[; gsrw gk txkrhy loZ eqykauk vkuanh] vkjksX;iw.kZ o lqjf{kri.ks tx.;klkBh vlysys iwjd okrkoj.k fuekZ.k dj.ks vkgs- ts.ksd:u loZ eqykaph 'kkjhfjd] ekufld o Hkkofud ok< lqn`< o fudksi gksbZy- ;k iqfLrdsP;k ifjf'k"V&१ e/;s ;k pkjgh foHkkxkrhy dyekafo"k;hph eq[; ekfgrh ns.;kr vkysyh vkgs-

vkrk vki.k la;qDr jk"Vª ifj"knsP;k 'kk'or fodklkP;k ladYiusfo"k;h] vlysY;k /;s;kfo"k;h tk.kwu ?ksÅ;k-txkrhy fofo/k la?kVuk xjhchps mPpkVu dj.;klkBh dVhc/n vkgsr- ekuo tkrhP;k fodklkdjoh le`/nhdMs tk.;kpk ekxZ ;k la?kVukauh voyacfoysyk vkgs- la;qDrjk"Vª ifj"kn gh v'kh ;a=.kk vkgs] th txkrhy fofo/k ns'kkrhy vusd la?kVukaP;ke/;s ;kfo"k;h vls fu;kstu vk[k.kh dj.;kP;k gsrwus laokn izLFkkfir dj.;klkBh dk;Zjr vkgs- ts.ksd:u loZ txkyk HksMlkor vlysY;k xjhchP;k Hk;adj leL;sfojks/kkr ,d=hr ;sowu dke dj.;kP;k 'kD;rkaph iMrkG.kh gksÅ 'kdsy-

tsOgk xzkeiapk;rh ukxjhadklkBh mi;qDr ;kstuk jkcfors fo'ks"kr% eqykalkBh] rsOgk Hkkjr ljdkus la;qDrjk"Vª ifj"knsyk fnysY;k opukaP;k iwrhZP;k n`f"Vus vilqdp ,d iq<ps ikÅy iMrs-

laiw.kZ txkrhy loZ Lrjkojhy xjhchps mPpkVu dj.ks-

iwjs'kh vUu lqj{kk] lq/kkjhr iks"kd vkgkj o txkrhy miklekj laifo.ks o

'kk'or Ñ"kh ra=Kkyk ikBhack ns.ks-

loZ o;ksxVkrhy yksdkauk vkjksX;iw.kZ vk;q"; feGsy ;k n`f"Vus iz;Ru dj.ks-

lokZauk leku o ntsZnkj fujarj f'k{k.kkP;k la/kh miyC/k d:u ns.ks-

efgyk o eqyhaps lcyhdj.k dj.;klkBh fyax lekurspk izpkj o izlkj dj.ks-

२०

१७

२१

rkaf=d m|ksxkalkBh etcwr ik;k vlysyh ;a=.kk r;kj dj.ks o loZ ?kVdkauk lekfo"V d:u 'kk'or

vkS|ksfxdj.kkpk iqjLdkj dj.ks vkf.k vk/kqfud ra=Kkukpk fLodkj dj.ks-

vkarjjk"Vªh; Lrjkoj ns'kk&ns'kkae/khy vlysY;k vlekursps mPpkVu dj.ks

o rs laiq"Vkr vk.k.ks-

ukxjh oLrh o xzkeh.k oLrhe/;s vlysY;k ukxjhdkaP;k lqjf{krrspk

izkeq[;kus fopkj d:u R;kn`f"Vus 'kk'or mik;;kstuk dj.ks-

mRiknu vkf.k miHkksxkps 'kk'or mik; o ;kstuk vk[k.ks o R;kaph vaeyctko.kh dj.ks-

tkxfrd okrkoj.kkr gks.kkjs cny o R;kpk ekuokoj gks.kkÚ;k foijhr ifj.kkekaph

rhozrk deh dj.;kP;k n`f"Vus rkrMhph mik;;kstuk dj.ks-

ulS fxdZ lia Rrhp s ¼leqnz] egklkxj o leqnzkrhy [kftus b-½ laj{k.k o

lao/kZu d:u 'kk'or fodklklkBh ;k fulxZnRr laiRrhpk ;ksX; 'kk'or mi;ksx d:u ?ks.ks-

Hkwrykojhy thol`"Vh] uSlfxZd laiRrhps tru d:u ¼taxy o ouLirh½ R;kaps laj{k.k d:u ekuoh

gkypkyheqGs gks.kkjk R;kpk Úgkl Fkkacfo.ks ¼taxyrksM½ vkf.k tSol`"Vhyk iksgksp.kkÚ;k ?kkrd xks"Vhauk vkGk ?kky.ks] vkf.k i;kZ;kus tSo fofo/krsps j{k.k dj.ks-

txke/;s loZLrjkojhy ukxjhdkalkBh 'kkarrk izLrkfir d:u 'kk'or

fodklkdMs okVpky dj.;kl lgk¸; dj.ks- rlsp] tckcnkj] ifj.kkedkjd o loZlekfo"V la?kVukapk fodkl ?kMowu vU;k;kiklwu lokZauk laj{k.k ns.ks-

'kk'or fodklklkBh fofo/kLrjkojhy ?kVdkauk tkxfrd ikrGhoj

lgHkkxh gks.;kl iqjd okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dj.ks o mik; ;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh dj.kkÚ;k ?kVdkauk cGdV dj.ks-

vkiY;k egkjk"Vª jkT;kP;k ,dw.k yksdla[;sP;k ३४ VDds yksdla[;k gh १८ o"kZ o;k[kkyhy eqyk&eqyhaph vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZ] xkoke/;s rhu O;DrhiSdh ,d O;Drh ^eqy* vkgs- xzkeiapk;r gh xkokrhy yksdkapk izfrfu/kh vlrs- eqya gh xkokpk o lektkpk vfoHkkT; Hkkx vlY;kdkj.kkus] xzkeiapk;r gh eqykaph ns[khy izfrfu/kh vlrs- eqya gh Hkkoh ukxjhd vlY;kdkj.kkus] tUetkr rs lektkpk egRoiw.kZ ?kVd vlrkr-

UNCRC us vk[kwu fnysY;k ekxZn'kZd rRokaph vaeyctko.kh dqBykgh fodkl vkjk[kMk r;kj djrsosGh drZO; inkf/kdkÚ;kauh dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- eqykafo"k;hP;k miØekaP;k ckcrhr ;k xks"VhadMs tkLr dkVsdksji.ks y{k |k;yk gos- dqBysgh eqyka'kh laca/khr dk;Z djrkuk [kkyh BjfoysY;k pkj egRoiw.kZ eq|kapk fopkj dj.ks vR;ko';d vkgs-

UNCRC dye ४] ckygDdkaps laj{k.k & 'kklukus vko';d vlysyh loZ [kcjnkjh ?ksÅu eqykaP;k gDdkapk vknj gksr vkgs] laj{k.k gksr vkgs o rs iw.kZ gksr vkgsr ;kdMs dkVsdksji.ks y{k |kos- xko ikrGhojhy gh tckcnkjh vkgs-

lektkrhy loZ tkrh&tekrhrhy eqykauk R;kaP;k lqIr xq.kkapk fodkl dj.;kP;k leku la/kh feGo.;kpk gDd vkgs-

ckydkalkBh dk; ;ksX; vkgs ;koj fopkj d:up ckydka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k izR;sd ckcrhr fu.kZ; ?ks.ks-

izR;sd eqykyk tUer% tx.;kpk o fudksi ok<hP;k la/khpk vf/kdkj vlrks- vkiys vk;q"; vkuankr tx.;kpk gDd ns[khy eqykapk tUefl/n gDd vkgs- R;kpizek.ks fodlkP;k n`"Vhus vko';d vlysY;k loZ lks;h lqfo/kkapk ykHk ?ks.ks gk gh izR;sd eqykpk vf/kdkj vkgs-

izR;sd eqykyk R;kP;k Hkkoukaph o erkaph vfHkO;Drh dj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- drZO; inkf/kdkÚ;kauh eqykaps Eg.k.ks ,sdqu R;kaP;k erkapk vknj d:u R;kauk letwu ?ks.ks vR;ar egRokps vkgs-

२२ २३

lxG~;k eqykauk tUer% tx.;kpk gDd vkgs- oj uewn dsysyh dyes] drZO; inkf/kdkÚ;kauh eqykaP;k ;k gDdkalanHkkZr ikj ikMko;kph drZO;s uewn djrkr-

UNCRC , , , , ,

५l f'k{k.k foHkkx o f'k{kd ;kaP;k enrhus o ckygDdka fo"k;hP;k rKkaP;k lgk¸;kus xzkeiapk;r

eqykaP;k ikydkauk eqykaP;k lqIr xq.kkauk oko ns.;kfo"k;h tkx`r d: 'kdrs- ts.ks d:u eqykapk fudksi fodkl ?kMowu vk.k.;kl enr gksbZy-

l xzkeiapk;rhyk vax.kokMh lsfodk] vkjksX; lsfodk] Lo;algk;rk xV] vk'kk dk;ZdrhZdMwu xjksnj ekrk o uotkr ckydkauk R;kauk ns.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k iks"kd vkgkj] ylhdj.k bR;knha fo"k;h ykHk feGrks vkgs fdaok ukgh ;kph ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs- rlsp] eqykae/khy vktkjkaP;k dkj.kkafo"k;h ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs-

l xzkeiapk;r oS|dh; foHkkxk'kh lYyk elyr d:u xkokrhy gosrwu ilj.kkjs jksx o xyhPN oLrheqGs gks.kkjs fofo/k jksx dls VkGrk ;sÅ 'kdrhy ;k fo"k;h Ñrh vkjk[kMk r;kj d: 'kdrs-

l xkokrhy eqykaph ;ksX; rh dkGth ?ksrk u ;s.kkÚ;k dqVwackph ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh xzkeiapk;r ,d dk;Z{ke iz.kkyh fodlhr d: 'kdrs-

l xkokrhy tUe >kysY;k eqykaph uksan ;ksX; osGh gksbZy ;kdMs xzkeiapk;r y{k nsÅ 'kdrs- rlsp] ;k uksan.khP;k izfØ;sr ckGkph tUerkjh[k o tUeosG vpwdi.ks uksanoyh vkgs fdaok ukgh ;koj utj BsÅ 'kdrs- tUe nk[kyk fofgr Lo:ikr ns.;kph [kcjnkjh ?ksÅ 'kdrs-

l Ñ"kh [kkrs] i'kqlao/kZu] QyksRiknu o brj foHkkxkaP;k lgk;kus xkoke/;s iks"Vhd Hkkthikyk] vUu/kkU; o QGkaph ;ksX; izek.kkr mRiknu dls ?ksrk ;sbZy ;kfo"k;h ;ksX; rh mik;;kstuk xzkeiapk;r r;kj d: 'kdrs-

l xkokrhy eqykapk tUe nk[kyk ;ksX; osGh fnY;kph uksan xzkeiapk;rhus |k;ph vkgs- tUe nk[kY;koj eqykph tUerkjh[k] tUeosG] ikydkaps uko gh vpqd ekfgrh vlkoh-

l tUeosG o tUerkjh[k tUe nk[kY;koj vpqd vl.;kps egRo ikydkauk xzkeiapk;rhus iVowu |k;ps vlrs-

l 'kkGse/;s >kysY;k tUe nk[kY;kojhy uksanh vpqd vkgsr ;kph [kk=h xzkeiapk;rhus d:u ?;k;yk goh-

l [kkyhy ckchadMs xzkeiapk;rhus dkVsdksji.ks y{k ns.ks vko';d vkgs-

v½ tUe nk[kY;kph udyh izr gksÅ 'kdr ukgh-

c½ tUe nk[kY;kaojhy uksanh csdk;ns'khji.ks cnyY;k tkÅ 'kdr ukghr-

d½ tUe nk[kY;kafo"k;h vlysY;k egRoiw.kZ ekfgrhpk nLrkost gk O;ofLFkr lkaHkkGyk tkok-

६

७

८

vkiY;k egkjk"Vª jkT;kP;k ,dw.k yksdla[;sP;k ३४ VDds yksdla[;k gh १८ o"kZ o;k[kkyhy eqyk&eqyhaph vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZ] xkoke/;s rhu O;DrhiSdh ,d O;Drh ^eqy* vkgs- xzkeiapk;r gh xkokrhy yksdkapk izfrfu/kh vlrs- eqya gh xkokpk o lektkpk vfoHkkT; Hkkx vlY;kdkj.kkus] xzkeiapk;r gh eqykaph ns[khy izfrfu/kh vlrs- eqya gh Hkkoh ukxjhd vlY;kdkj.kkus] tUetkr rs lektkpk egRoiw.kZ ?kVd vlrkr-

UNCRC us vk[kwu fnysY;k ekxZn'kZd rRokaph vaeyctko.kh dqBykgh fodkl vkjk[kMk r;kj djrsosGh drZO; inkf/kdkÚ;kauh dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- eqykafo"k;hP;k miØekaP;k ckcrhr ;k xks"VhadMs tkLr dkVsdksji.ks y{k |k;yk gos- dqBysgh eqyka'kh laca/khr dk;Z djrkuk [kkyh BjfoysY;k pkj egRoiw.kZ eq|kapk fopkj dj.ks vR;ko';d vkgs-

UNCRC dye ४] ckygDdkaps laj{k.k & 'kklukus vko';d vlysyh loZ [kcjnkjh ?ksÅu eqykaP;k gDdkapk vknj gksr vkgs] laj{k.k gksr vkgs o rs iw.kZ gksr vkgsr ;kdMs dkVsdksji.ks y{k |kos- xko ikrGhojhy gh tckcnkjh vkgs-

lektkrhy loZ tkrh&tekrhrhy eqykauk R;kaP;k lqIr xq.kkapk fodkl dj.;kP;k leku la/kh feGo.;kpk gDd vkgs-

ckydkalkBh dk; ;ksX; vkgs ;koj fopkj d:up ckydka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k izR;sd ckcrhr fu.kZ; ?ks.ks-

izR;sd eqykyk tUer% tx.;kpk o fudksi ok<hP;k la/khpk vf/kdkj vlrks- vkiys vk;q"; vkuankr tx.;kpk gDd ns[khy eqykapk tUefl/n gDd vkgs- R;kpizek.ks fodlkP;k n`"Vhus vko';d vlysY;k loZ lks;h lqfo/kkapk ykHk ?ks.ks gk gh izR;sd eqykpk vf/kdkj vkgs-

izR;sd eqykyk R;kP;k Hkkoukaph o erkaph vfHkO;Drh dj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- drZO; inkf/kdkÚ;kauh eqykaps Eg.k.ks ,sdqu R;kaP;k erkapk vknj d:u R;kauk letwu ?ks.ks vR;ar egRokps vkgs-

२२ २३

lxG~;k eqykauk tUer% tx.;kpk gDd vkgs- oj uewn dsysyh dyes] drZO; inkf/kdkÚ;kauh eqykaP;k ;k gDdkalanHkkZr ikj ikMko;kph drZO;s uewn djrkr-

UNCRC , , , , ,

५l f'k{k.k foHkkx o f'k{kd ;kaP;k enrhus o ckygDdka fo"k;hP;k rKkaP;k lgk¸;kus xzkeiapk;r

eqykaP;k ikydkauk eqykaP;k lqIr xq.kkauk oko ns.;kfo"k;h tkx`r d: 'kdrs- ts.ks d:u eqykapk fudksi fodkl ?kMowu vk.k.;kl enr gksbZy-

l xzkeiapk;rhyk vax.kokMh lsfodk] vkjksX; lsfodk] Lo;algk;rk xV] vk'kk dk;ZdrhZdMwu xjksnj ekrk o uotkr ckydkauk R;kauk ns.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k iks"kd vkgkj] ylhdj.k bR;knha fo"k;h ykHk feGrks vkgs fdaok ukgh ;kph ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs- rlsp] eqykae/khy vktkjkaP;k dkj.kkafo"k;h ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs-

l xzkeiapk;r oS|dh; foHkkxk'kh lYyk elyr d:u xkokrhy gosrwu ilj.kkjs jksx o xyhPN oLrheqGs gks.kkjs fofo/k jksx dls VkGrk ;sÅ 'kdrhy ;k fo"k;h Ñrh vkjk[kMk r;kj d: 'kdrs-

l xkokrhy eqykaph ;ksX; rh dkGth ?ksrk u ;s.kkÚ;k dqVwackph ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh xzkeiapk;r ,d dk;Z{ke iz.kkyh fodlhr d: 'kdrs-

l xkokrhy tUe >kysY;k eqykaph uksan ;ksX; osGh gksbZy ;kdMs xzkeiapk;r y{k nsÅ 'kdrs- rlsp] ;k uksan.khP;k izfØ;sr ckGkph tUerkjh[k o tUeosG vpwdi.ks uksanoyh vkgs fdaok ukgh ;koj utj BsÅ 'kdrs- tUe nk[kyk fofgr Lo:ikr ns.;kph [kcjnkjh ?ksÅ 'kdrs-

l Ñ"kh [kkrs] i'kqlao/kZu] QyksRiknu o brj foHkkxkaP;k lgk;kus xkoke/;s iks"Vhd Hkkthikyk] vUu/kkU; o QGkaph ;ksX; izek.kkr mRiknu dls ?ksrk ;sbZy ;kfo"k;h ;ksX; rh mik;;kstuk xzkeiapk;r r;kj d: 'kdrs-

l xkokrhy eqykapk tUe nk[kyk ;ksX; osGh fnY;kph uksan xzkeiapk;rhus |k;ph vkgs- tUe nk[kY;koj eqykph tUerkjh[k] tUeosG] ikydkaps uko gh vpqd ekfgrh vlkoh-

l tUeosG o tUerkjh[k tUe nk[kY;koj vpqd vl.;kps egRo ikydkauk xzkeiapk;rhus iVowu |k;ps vlrs-

l 'kkGse/;s >kysY;k tUe nk[kY;kojhy uksanh vpqd vkgsr ;kph [kk=h xzkeiapk;rhus d:u ?;k;yk goh-

l [kkyhy ckchadMs xzkeiapk;rhus dkVsdksji.ks y{k ns.ks vko';d vkgs-

v½ tUe nk[kY;kph udyh izr gksÅ 'kdr ukgh-

c½ tUe nk[kY;kaojhy uksanh csdk;ns'khji.ks cnyY;k tkÅ 'kdr ukghr-

d½ tUe nk[kY;kafo"k;h vlysY;k egRoiw.kZ ekfgrhpk nLrkost gk O;ofLFkr lkaHkkGyk tkok-

६

७

८

l xzkeiapk;rhdMs vukFk eqykaP;k dkGthokgw ikydkaph uksan vlk;yk goh ¼foHkDr >kysY;k ikydkaP;k eqykapkgh lekos'k vlkok-½

l v'kk eqykauk R;kaps gDd feGr vlY;kph rikl.kh dj.kkjh dk;Z{ke ;a=.kk xzkeiapk;rhus fodlhr djk;yk goh-

l eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;kl vleFkZ vl.kkÚ;k dqVwackauk lgk; dj.;klkBh xzkeiapk;r mik;kaph ;kstuk d: 'kdrs-

l eqykaP;k fgrkP;k n`"Vhus vlysY;k fofo/k ckchafo"k;h tutkx`rh vfHk;ku lq: dj.;kph tckcnkjh xzkeiapk;r ?ksÅ 'kdrs- ¼fHkRrhi=ds] vukSipkjhd f'k{k.kkph lk/kus] f'kfcjs vk;ksthr d:u-½

l efgyk o ckydY;k.k foHkkx] vkjksX; foHkkx] lkekftd U;k; foHkkx] o xVikrGhojhy fofo/k ljdkjh deZpkjh ;kaP;kdMs ckydkaP;k tx.;kfo"k;hP;k gDdkaph iwrZrk dj.;kfo"k;h ykx.kkÚ;k lk/ku lkeqxzhph ekx.kh xzkeiapk;r d: 'kdrs-

UNCRC , , , ,

३२,३३,३४,३५,३६,३७,३८,३९,४०,४१

l xkokckgsj dkgh dkj.kkLro usysY;k eqykaph uksan xzkeiapk;rhus Bsok;yk goh- gh eqys fod.;kP;k gsrwus] os';k O;olk;klkBh fdaok brj vuSfrd xks"VhalkBh iS'kkP;k ekscnY;kr xkokckgsj usysyh vlw 'kdrkr- v'kk dkjok;ke/;s vusdnk ikydkapk ns[khy lgHkkx vlrks- Eg.kqup xzkeiapk;rhus v'kk eqykaph uksan Bso.ks egRokps vkgs-

l xkokrhy loZ eqykaps xkokrhy 'kkGk vkf.k brj= 'kkfjjhd vR;kpkj o ekulhd rlsp Hkkouhd vR;kpkjkaiklwu laj{k.k dj.ks gs xzkeiapk;rhps drZO; vkgs- eqykauk R;kaP;k dqVwackrhy lnL;kadMwugh dqBY;kgh izdkjpk =kl gksr ukgh ;kdMs xzkeiapk;rhus y{k ns.ks egRokps vkgs-

l eqykaph dkGth O;ofLFkri.ks ?ksrk ;s.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus xjhc dqVwackauk R;kaP;klkBh vlysY;k lgk¸;d ;kstuka'kh tksM.ks egRokps vkgs- tj ,[kkns dqVwac ckydkph dkGth ?ks.;kl vleFkZ vlsy rj v'kk eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;klkBh ICPS ¼vk;-lh-ih-,l-½ fu;ekarxZar ckylaj{k.k lferhus v'kk eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;kl iq<s ;kos- izR;sd ftYg~;kr ckydY;k.k lferh ¼ftYgk ikrGhoj½ o ckylaj{k.k vf/kdkjh vlrks- R;kaP;k'kh xzkeiapk;rhus laidZ lk/kk;yk gok tj eqyk&eqyhaP;k fgrklkBh ;ksX; vlY;kl v'kk eqykyk fdaok eqyhyk nRrd fnys tkÅ 'kdrs-

९

१८

११

१९

२०

२१

२४ २५

२२

३२

३३

३४

३५

३६

३७

३८

३९

४०

४१

l dkgh dkj.kkLro ns'kkP;k fofo/k Hkkxkrwu fdaok izlaxh brj ns'kkrwu xkoke/;s LFkykarjhr >kysY;k vukFk eqykaP;k gDdkackcr xzkeiapk;rhus tkx:d vlk;yk gos- ¼v'kh eqys xzkeiapk;rhP;k laLFkkae/;s fuokZlhr Eg.kwu jgkr vlrkr-½

l xkoke/;s dkgh dkj.kkLro eqykauk jkstxkj djkok ykxr vlY;kl v'kk eqykaP;k vkjksX;kdMs fdaok R;kaP;k ckygDdkadMs nwyZ{k gks.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;ko;kph vkgs- tj ,[kknk eqyxk fdaok eqyxh ?kjkr@?kjkckgsj dke djr vlsy] rj R;k dkekps Lo:i /kksdknk;d fdaok R;kaps ekufld 'kks"k.k dj.kkjs ulkos- eqys djhr vlysyh dkes gh R;kaP;k o;kuq:i vlk;yk gohr-

l xzkeiapk;rhP;k gn~nhr jkg.kkjh eqys dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k O;luk/khu vaeyh inkFkkZP;k laidkZr ;s.kkj ukghr ;kph dkGth xzkeiapk;rhus ?;ko;kph vkgs- xkokrhy nqdkunkjkauk vYio;hu eqykauk rack[kw] rack[kqtU; inkFkZ ¼foMh] flxkjsV b-½ rlsp nk:ph foØh u d: ns.ks dk;|kus ca/kudkjd vkgs-

l xkoke/;s jkg.kkÚ;k dqBY;kgh eqyhps@eqykps ?kjkr fdaok ?kjkckgsj ySafxd 'kks"k.k gks.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh-

l xzkeiapk;rhus xkokrhy eqyk&eqyhaph os';k O;olk; fdaok brj vuSfrd dkj.kkalkBh gks.kkjh foØh ;koj dMd utj Bsok;ykp ikfgts-

l eqykaP;k ekufld rlsp 'kkfjjhd fodklkyk ck/kk vk.k.kkÚ;k o eqykaps 'kks"k.k dj.kkÚ;k izR;sd /kksD;kiklwu eqykaps dkVsdksji.ks laj{k.k dj.ks xzkeiapk;rhps drZO; vkgs-

l dkgh dkj.kkLro eqykauk dkjkx`gkr Bsok;ph xjt vlY;kl] v'kk eqykauk izkS< xqUgsxkjkalkscr dkjkx`gkr Bso.;kl eTtko vkgs- v'kk eqykauk cky xqUgsxkj fojks/kh dk;|k varxZar vlysY;k rjrqnhuqlkjp okx.kqd fnyh xsyh ikfgts- rlsp] loZizFke eqykaP;k ikydkauk ;kckcr ekfgrh fnyh xsyh ikfgts- tjh ,[kknk eqyxk@eqyxh xqUgsxkj vlY;kps vk<Gwu vkys] rjhgh v'kk eqyk&eqyhauk ns.;kr ;s.kkjh okx.kwd gh NGkph] fgald fdaok dkS;kZph ulkoh-

l ;q/ntU; ifjfLFkrhe/;s eqykaps laj{k.k djk;yk gos- eqykauk dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k ;q/nkr lgHkkxh gksÅ u ns.ks dk;|kus ca/kudkjd vkgs-

l dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k 'kks"k.kkyk fdaok 'kkjhfjd vR;kpkjkps cGh BjysY;k eqykaps rlsp ikydkadMwu fdaok lektkdMwu nwyZf{kr vlysY;k eqykauk R;kaph 'kkjhfjd o ekufld voLFkk iwoZinkoj ;sbZi;Zar R;kaaph fo'ks"k dkGth xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh- v'kk eqykauk lgk¸; djrkuk dqBsgh R;kaP;k vkRelUekukyk /kDdk iksgksp.kkj ukgh ;kph ek= dkGth ?ksryh tk;yk goh- a

l dk;|kP;k dpkV~;kr lkiMysY;k eqykauk ckyxqUgsxkj fojks/kh dk;nk&२००० P;k rjrqnhuqlkj okx.kwd fnyh tk;yk goh- v'kk eqykauk vVd d:u izkS< xqUgsxkjkalkscr dkjkx`gkr Bso.;kl dk;|kus canh vkgs-

l tj ckygDd laj{k.kkP;k ckcrhr xzkeiapk;rhus LFkkfud ikrGhoj vk[kysys fu;e UNCRC us ;k lanHkkZr vk[kysY;k fu;ekais{kk vf/kd pkaxys ¼ljl½ vlrhy rj xzkiapk;rhyk Lor%ps fu;e okij.;kph eqHkk ns.;kr vkysyh vkgs] ts.ksd:u eqykaps ghr pkaxY;k izdkjs tiys tkÅ 'kdsy-

l xzkeiapk;rhdMs vukFk eqykaP;k dkGthokgw ikydkaph uksan vlk;yk goh ¼foHkDr >kysY;k ikydkaP;k eqykapkgh lekos'k vlkok-½

l v'kk eqykauk R;kaps gDd feGr vlY;kph rikl.kh dj.kkjh dk;Z{ke ;a=.kk xzkeiapk;rhus fodlhr djk;yk goh-

l eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;kl vleFkZ vl.kkÚ;k dqVwackauk lgk; dj.;klkBh xzkeiapk;r mik;kaph ;kstuk d: 'kdrs-

l eqykaP;k fgrkP;k n`"Vhus vlysY;k fofo/k ckchafo"k;h tutkx`rh vfHk;ku lq: dj.;kph tckcnkjh xzkeiapk;r ?ksÅ 'kdrs- ¼fHkRrhi=ds] vukSipkjhd f'k{k.kkph lk/kus] f'kfcjs vk;ksthr d:u-½

l efgyk o ckydY;k.k foHkkx] vkjksX; foHkkx] lkekftd U;k; foHkkx] o xVikrGhojhy fofo/k ljdkjh deZpkjh ;kaP;kdMs ckydkaP;k tx.;kfo"k;hP;k gDdkaph iwrZrk dj.;kfo"k;h ykx.kkÚ;k lk/ku lkeqxzhph ekx.kh xzkeiapk;r d: 'kdrs-

UNCRC , , , ,

३२,३३,३४,३५,३६,३७,३८,३९,४०,४१

l xkokckgsj dkgh dkj.kkLro usysY;k eqykaph uksan xzkeiapk;rhus Bsok;yk goh- gh eqys fod.;kP;k gsrwus] os';k O;olk;klkBh fdaok brj vuSfrd xks"VhalkBh iS'kkP;k ekscnY;kr xkokckgsj usysyh vlw 'kdrkr- v'kk dkjok;ke/;s vusdnk ikydkapk ns[khy lgHkkx vlrks- Eg.kqup xzkeiapk;rhus v'kk eqykaph uksan Bso.ks egRokps vkgs-

l xkokrhy loZ eqykaps xkokrhy 'kkGk vkf.k brj= 'kkfjjhd vR;kpkj o ekulhd rlsp Hkkouhd vR;kpkjkaiklwu laj{k.k dj.ks gs xzkeiapk;rhps drZO; vkgs- eqykauk R;kaP;k dqVwackrhy lnL;kadMwugh dqBY;kgh izdkjpk =kl gksr ukgh ;kdMs xzkeiapk;rhus y{k ns.ks egRokps vkgs-

l eqykaph dkGth O;ofLFkri.ks ?ksrk ;s.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus xjhc dqVwackauk R;kaP;klkBh vlysY;k lgk¸;d ;kstuka'kh tksM.ks egRokps vkgs- tj ,[kkns dqVwac ckydkph dkGth ?ks.;kl vleFkZ vlsy rj v'kk eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;klkBh ICPS ¼vk;-lh-ih-,l-½ fu;ekarxZar ckylaj{k.k lferhus v'kk eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;kl iq<s ;kos- izR;sd ftYg~;kr ckydY;k.k lferh ¼ftYgk ikrGhoj½ o ckylaj{k.k vf/kdkjh vlrks- R;kaP;k'kh xzkeiapk;rhus laidZ lk/kk;yk gok tj eqyk&eqyhaP;k fgrklkBh ;ksX; vlY;kl v'kk eqykyk fdaok eqyhyk nRrd fnys tkÅ 'kdrs-

९

१८

११

१९

२०

२१

२४ २५

२२

३२

३३

३४

३५

३६

३७

३८

३९

४०

४१

l dkgh dkj.kkLro ns'kkP;k fofo/k Hkkxkrwu fdaok izlaxh brj ns'kkrwu xkoke/;s LFkykarjhr >kysY;k vukFk eqykaP;k gDdkackcr xzkeiapk;rhus tkx:d vlk;yk gos- ¼v'kh eqys xzkeiapk;rhP;k laLFkkae/;s fuokZlhr Eg.kwu jgkr vlrkr-½

l xkoke/;s dkgh dkj.kkLro eqykauk jkstxkj djkok ykxr vlY;kl v'kk eqykaP;k vkjksX;kdMs fdaok R;kaP;k ckygDdkadMs nwyZ{k gks.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;ko;kph vkgs- tj ,[kknk eqyxk fdaok eqyxh ?kjkr@?kjkckgsj dke djr vlsy] rj R;k dkekps Lo:i /kksdknk;d fdaok R;kaps ekufld 'kks"k.k dj.kkjs ulkos- eqys djhr vlysyh dkes gh R;kaP;k o;kuq:i vlk;yk gohr-

l xzkeiapk;rhP;k gn~nhr jkg.kkjh eqys dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k O;luk/khu vaeyh inkFkkZP;k laidkZr ;s.kkj ukghr ;kph dkGth xzkeiapk;rhus ?;ko;kph vkgs- xkokrhy nqdkunkjkauk vYio;hu eqykauk rack[kw] rack[kqtU; inkFkZ ¼foMh] flxkjsV b-½ rlsp nk:ph foØh u d: ns.ks dk;|kus ca/kudkjd vkgs-

l xkoke/;s jkg.kkÚ;k dqBY;kgh eqyhps@eqykps ?kjkr fdaok ?kjkckgsj ySafxd 'kks"k.k gks.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh-

l xzkeiapk;rhus xkokrhy eqyk&eqyhaph os';k O;olk; fdaok brj vuSfrd dkj.kkalkBh gks.kkjh foØh ;koj dMd utj Bsok;ykp ikfgts-

l eqykaP;k ekufld rlsp 'kkfjjhd fodklkyk ck/kk vk.k.kkÚ;k o eqykaps 'kks"k.k dj.kkÚ;k izR;sd /kksD;kiklwu eqykaps dkVsdksji.ks laj{k.k dj.ks xzkeiapk;rhps drZO; vkgs-

l dkgh dkj.kkLro eqykauk dkjkx`gkr Bsok;ph xjt vlY;kl] v'kk eqykauk izkS< xqUgsxkjkalkscr dkjkx`gkr Bso.;kl eTtko vkgs- v'kk eqykauk cky xqUgsxkj fojks/kh dk;|k varxZar vlysY;k rjrqnhuqlkjp okx.kqd fnyh xsyh ikfgts- rlsp] loZizFke eqykaP;k ikydkauk ;kckcr ekfgrh fnyh xsyh ikfgts- tjh ,[kknk eqyxk@eqyxh xqUgsxkj vlY;kps vk<Gwu vkys] rjhgh v'kk eqyk&eqyhauk ns.;kr ;s.kkjh okx.kwd gh NGkph] fgald fdaok dkS;kZph ulkoh-

l ;q/ntU; ifjfLFkrhe/;s eqykaps laj{k.k djk;yk gos- eqykauk dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k ;q/nkr lgHkkxh gksÅ u ns.ks dk;|kus ca/kudkjd vkgs-

l dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k 'kks"k.kkyk fdaok 'kkjhfjd vR;kpkjkps cGh BjysY;k eqykaps rlsp ikydkadMwu fdaok lektkdMwu nwyZf{kr vlysY;k eqykauk R;kaph 'kkjhfjd o ekufld voLFkk iwoZinkoj ;sbZi;Zar R;kaaph fo'ks"k dkGth xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh- v'kk eqykauk lgk¸; djrkuk dqBsgh R;kaP;k vkRelUekukyk /kDdk iksgksp.kkj ukgh ;kph ek= dkGth ?ksryh tk;yk goh- a

l dk;|kP;k dpkV~;kr lkiMysY;k eqykauk ckyxqUgsxkj fojks/kh dk;nk&२००० P;k rjrqnhuqlkj okx.kwd fnyh tk;yk goh- v'kk eqykauk vVd d:u izkS< xqUgsxkjkalkscr dkjkx`gkr Bso.;kl dk;|kus canh vkgs-

l tj ckygDd laj{k.kkP;k ckcrhr xzkeiapk;rhus LFkkfud ikrGhoj vk[kysys fu;e UNCRC us ;k lanHkkZr vk[kysY;k fu;ekais{kk vf/kd pkaxys ¼ljl½ vlrhy rj xzkiapk;rhyk Lor%ps fu;e okij.;kph eqHkk ns.;kr vkysyh vkgs] ts.ksd:u eqykaps ghr pkaxY;k izdkjs tiys tkÅ 'kdsy-

UNCRC , , , , , , , , ,

l xkokr jgkr vlysY;k fnO;kax eqykauk Lora= o LocGkoj txrk ;kos rlsp R;kauk 'kS{k.khd fodkl] vkjksX; rlsp O;kolkf;d f'k{k.kkP;k la/kh ;ksX; R;k izek.kkr miyC/k OgkO;kr ;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus iqjd lks;h&lqfo/kk djk;yk gO;kr-

l xkokrhy eqykauk loksZRre vkjksX; lqfo/kk feGowu ns.ks rlsp] R;kauk mRre izrhpk ldl vkgkj] LoPN fi.;kps ik.kh o lqjf{kr LoPN okrkoj.k feGowu ns.ks xzkeiapk;rhps drZO; vkgs-

l xkokrhy LFkkfud laLFkkae/;s jkg.kkÚ;k ¼mnk- ckyx`g] ckylq/kkjx`g b-½ eqykauk R;kaP;k ckygDdkauqlkj okx.kwd o ;ksX; rh dkGth iqjfoyh tkr vkgs fdaok ukgh ;kdMs xzkeiapk;rhus dkVsdksji.ks y{k |k;yk gos-

l vkfFkZd n`"V~;k nqcZy vlysyh dqVwacs vFkok v'kk dqVwackrhy eqykauk 'kklukdMs lgk¸; ekx.;kpk vf/kdkj xzkeiapk;rhyk vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus v'kk dqVwackauk@eqykauk 'kklukP;k lkekftd lqjf{krrsP;k fofo/k ;kstuk rlsp jkstxkjkP;k 'kkldh; ;kstukae/;s lekfo"V d:u ?ks.;klkBh iz;Ruf'ky vlk;yk gos- ¼f'k/kkokVi dsanz pkyo.ks] Hkfo";fuokZg fu/kh miyC/k d:u ns.ks b-½

l izR;sd ckydkaP;k izkFkfed] 'kkjhfjd rlsp ekufld xjtk iqjfoY;k tkrhy ;kdMs xzkeiapk;rhus dkGthiwoZd y{k |k;yk gos ¼eqykaP;k vUu] oL=] fuokÚ;kP;k izkFkfed xjtk½- eqykaP;k izkFkfed xjtk iw.kZ dj.;kl R;kaps ikyd vFkok dqVwac vleFkZ vlY;kl v'kk dqVwackauk lkekftd lqjf{krrslkBh rlsp mnjfuokZgklkBh r;kj dsY;k xsysY;k fofo/k 'kkldh; ;kstukae/;s xzkeiapk;rhus lekfo"V d:u ?;k;yk gos-

l izR;sd eqykyk o;kP;k १४ O;k o"kkZai;Zar lDrhps f'k{k.k feGko;klp gos] rks eqykapk vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;r rlsp f'k{k.k laLFkkauh ;kckcr dkGth ?ks.ks vko';d vkgs- ¼f'k{k.kkpk gDd dk;nk २००९½

l eqykapk O;fDreRo fodkl gks.;kl enr gksbZy] R;kaP;krhy dykxq.kkauk ;ksX; rks oko feGsy rlsp R;kapk lokZafx.kfodkl gks.;kl enr gksbZy v'kk izfrps f'k{k.k eqykauk feGk;yk gos- vkiY;k lektkrhy uSfrd ewY;kaph ekfgrh eqykauk f'k{k.kkOnkjs fnyh tk;yk goh- ;klkBh xzkeiapk;r] 'kS{k.khd laLFkk o f'k{k.k foHkkx ;kauh lrr iz;Ru'khy vlk;yk gos-

l vYila[;kd xVkrhy ukxjhdkauk o eqykauk R;kaP;k oS;fDrd /kekZps ikyu o R;kaP;k'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k izFkkaps ikyu dj.;kpk iw.kZ vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus R;kauk R;kapk gk gDd feGowu ns.;klkBh lTt vlk;yk gos-

l xzkeiapk;rhus xkokrhy eqykauk [ksG] fØMk rlsp lkaLÑfrd o dykRed xq.kkauk oko ns.;kP;k gsrqus ;ksX; R;k lks;h&lqfo/kkaps fu;kstu djk;yk ikfgts-

l xkokrhy izkS<kauk rlsp eqykauk ckygDdkackcrph ;ksX; rh o iqjs'kh ekfgrh iqjfo.ks xzkeiapk;rhph tckcnkjh vkgs-

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२६ २७

UNCRC , , , , ,

l eqykaoj ijh.kke gksr vl.kkÚ;k ckchaP;k lanHkkZrys vusd fu.kZ; xzkeiapk;r ?ksr vlrs- ;k fu.kZ;kapk] eqykaoj izR;{k fdaok vizR;{k ijh.kke gksr vlrks- Eg.kqup] vls fu.kZ; ?ks.;kP;k izfØ;se/;s eqykaps er fopkjkr ?ks.;kph xjt xzkeiapk;rhyk vlrs- loZ eqykauk R;kaps er O;Dr djrk ;sbZy rlsp R;kaps Eg.k.ks xzkeiapk;rhP;k lnL;kai;Zar iksgpork ;sbZy v'kh l{ke ;a=.kk xzkeiapk;rhus fodflr djk;yk goh-

l eqykauk vfHkO;Drh Lokra«; vkgs- R;kaP;k erkaph vfHkO;Drh dj.;klkBh eqykauk ys[kh] okfpd fdaok fp= Lo:ikP;k ek/;ekpk mi;ksx djrk ;k;yk gok- xkokrhy eqya R;kaP;k erkaph vfHkO;Drh izkS<kaleksj fuHkZ;i.ks O;Dr d: 'kdrhy] rlsp eqya o izkS< ;kaP;krhy ijLij vknj tiyk tkbZy v'kh iz.kkyh xzkeiapk;rhus fodflr djk;yk ikfgts-

l eqykauk R;kaP;k oS;fDrd /keZ ikG.;kps rlsp Lor%pk fopkj dj.;kps loZ gDd o Lokra«; vkgs- xkokrhy l|fLFkrhrhy :<h fo"k;h] ikGY;k tk.kkÚ;k ijaijkafo"k;h izkS<kaleksj iz'u mifLFkr dj.;kps Lokra«; feGsy v'kh iz.kkyh o ijLijkafo"k;h vlysY;k vknjkapk eku jk[kYkk tkbZy v'kh iz.kkyh xzkeiapk;rhus fodflr djk;yk ikfgts-

l eqykauk vkiY;k lefopkjkaP;k] vkoMhP;k] leku /;s;kP;k fdaok leku tkrh/kekZP;k brj eqykapk xV dj.;kps Lokra«; vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus R;klkBh iwjd okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dj.;kph tckcnkjh ?;k;yk goh-

l eqykauk R;kaP;k [kktxh xks"Vhckcr xqIrrk jk[k.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus R;kaP;k ;k vf/kdkjkps tru gksbZy vls iwjd okrkoj.k fuekZ.k djk;yk gos- eqykaP;koj rs ikGr vlysY;k fjrhfjokt] R;kaph thou'kSyh rlsp R;kaph 'kkfjjhd voLFkk ;ko:u dqBsgh vuqfpr Hkk"; dj.;kl eTtko vkgs- ;k ckchaoj lektkrhy dqBY;kgh ?kVdkus izgkj@vk?kkr d: u;s] ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh-

l eqykauk ekfgrhpk vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus eqykauk goh vlysyh ekfgrh R;kauk letsy v'kk Lo:ikr miyC/k gksbZy ;klkBh l{ke iz.kkyh fodflr djk;yk goh-

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UNCRC , , , , , , , , ,

l xkokr jgkr vlysY;k fnO;kax eqykauk Lora= o LocGkoj txrk ;kos rlsp R;kauk 'kS{k.khd fodkl] vkjksX; rlsp O;kolkf;d f'k{k.kkP;k la/kh ;ksX; R;k izek.kkr miyC/k OgkO;kr ;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus iqjd lks;h&lqfo/kk djk;yk gO;kr-

l xkokrhy eqykauk loksZRre vkjksX; lqfo/kk feGowu ns.ks rlsp] R;kauk mRre izrhpk ldl vkgkj] LoPN fi.;kps ik.kh o lqjf{kr LoPN okrkoj.k feGowu ns.ks xzkeiapk;rhps drZO; vkgs-

l xkokrhy LFkkfud laLFkkae/;s jkg.kkÚ;k ¼mnk- ckyx`g] ckylq/kkjx`g b-½ eqykauk R;kaP;k ckygDdkauqlkj okx.kwd o ;ksX; rh dkGth iqjfoyh tkr vkgs fdaok ukgh ;kdMs xzkeiapk;rhus dkVsdksji.ks y{k |k;yk gos-

l vkfFkZd n`"V~;k nqcZy vlysyh dqVwacs vFkok v'kk dqVwackrhy eqykauk 'kklukdMs lgk¸; ekx.;kpk vf/kdkj xzkeiapk;rhyk vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus v'kk dqVwackauk@eqykauk 'kklukP;k lkekftd lqjf{krrsP;k fofo/k ;kstuk rlsp jkstxkjkP;k 'kkldh; ;kstukae/;s lekfo"V d:u ?ks.;klkBh iz;Ruf'ky vlk;yk gos- ¼f'k/kkokVi dsanz pkyo.ks] Hkfo";fuokZg fu/kh miyC/k d:u ns.ks b-½

l izR;sd ckydkaP;k izkFkfed] 'kkjhfjd rlsp ekufld xjtk iqjfoY;k tkrhy ;kdMs xzkeiapk;rhus dkGthiwoZd y{k |k;yk gos ¼eqykaP;k vUu] oL=] fuokÚ;kP;k izkFkfed xjtk½- eqykaP;k izkFkfed xjtk iw.kZ dj.;kl R;kaps ikyd vFkok dqVwac vleFkZ vlY;kl v'kk dqVwackauk lkekftd lqjf{krrslkBh rlsp mnjfuokZgklkBh r;kj dsY;k xsysY;k fofo/k 'kkldh; ;kstukae/;s xzkeiapk;rhus lekfo"V d:u ?;k;yk gos-

l izR;sd eqykyk o;kP;k १४ O;k o"kkZai;Zar lDrhps f'k{k.k feGko;klp gos] rks eqykapk vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;r rlsp f'k{k.k laLFkkauh ;kckcr dkGth ?ks.ks vko';d vkgs- ¼f'k{k.kkpk gDd dk;nk २००९½

l eqykapk O;fDreRo fodkl gks.;kl enr gksbZy] R;kaP;krhy dykxq.kkauk ;ksX; rks oko feGsy rlsp R;kapk lokZafx.kfodkl gks.;kl enr gksbZy v'kk izfrps f'k{k.k eqykauk feGk;yk gos- vkiY;k lektkrhy uSfrd ewY;kaph ekfgrh eqykauk f'k{k.kkOnkjs fnyh tk;yk goh- ;klkBh xzkeiapk;r] 'kS{k.khd laLFkk o f'k{k.k foHkkx ;kauh lrr iz;Ru'khy vlk;yk gos-

l vYila[;kd xVkrhy ukxjhdkauk o eqykauk R;kaP;k oS;fDrd /kekZps ikyu o R;kaP;k'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k izFkkaps ikyu dj.;kpk iw.kZ vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus R;kauk R;kapk gk gDd feGowu ns.;klkBh lTt vlk;yk gos-

l xzkeiapk;rhus xkokrhy eqykauk [ksG] fØMk rlsp lkaLÑfrd o dykRed xq.kkauk oko ns.;kP;k gsrqus ;ksX; R;k lks;h&lqfo/kkaps fu;kstu djk;yk ikfgts-

l xkokrhy izkS<kauk rlsp eqykauk ckygDdkackcrph ;ksX; rh o iqjs'kh ekfgrh iqjfo.ks xzkeiapk;rhph tckcnkjh vkgs-

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२६ २७

UNCRC , , , , ,

l eqykaoj ijh.kke gksr vl.kkÚ;k ckchaP;k lanHkkZrys vusd fu.kZ; xzkeiapk;r ?ksr vlrs- ;k fu.kZ;kapk] eqykaoj izR;{k fdaok vizR;{k ijh.kke gksr vlrks- Eg.kqup] vls fu.kZ; ?ks.;kP;k izfØ;se/;s eqykaps er fopkjkr ?ks.;kph xjt xzkeiapk;rhyk vlrs- loZ eqykauk R;kaps er O;Dr djrk ;sbZy rlsp R;kaps Eg.k.ks xzkeiapk;rhP;k lnL;kai;Zar iksgpork ;sbZy v'kh l{ke ;a=.kk xzkeiapk;rhus fodflr djk;yk goh-

l eqykauk vfHkO;Drh Lokra«; vkgs- R;kaP;k erkaph vfHkO;Drh dj.;klkBh eqykauk ys[kh] okfpd fdaok fp= Lo:ikP;k ek/;ekpk mi;ksx djrk ;k;yk gok- xkokrhy eqya R;kaP;k erkaph vfHkO;Drh izkS<kaleksj fuHkZ;i.ks O;Dr d: 'kdrhy] rlsp eqya o izkS< ;kaP;krhy ijLij vknj tiyk tkbZy v'kh iz.kkyh xzkeiapk;rhus fodflr djk;yk ikfgts-

l eqykauk R;kaP;k oS;fDrd /keZ ikG.;kps rlsp Lor%pk fopkj dj.;kps loZ gDd o Lokra«; vkgs- xkokrhy l|fLFkrhrhy :<h fo"k;h] ikGY;k tk.kkÚ;k ijaijkafo"k;h izkS<kaleksj iz'u mifLFkr dj.;kps Lokra«; feGsy v'kh iz.kkyh o ijLijkafo"k;h vlysY;k vknjkapk eku jk[kYkk tkbZy v'kh iz.kkyh xzkeiapk;rhus fodflr djk;yk ikfgts-

l eqykauk vkiY;k lefopkjkaP;k] vkoMhP;k] leku /;s;kP;k fdaok leku tkrh/kekZP;k brj eqykapk xV dj.;kps Lokra«; vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus R;klkBh iwjd okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dj.;kph tckcnkjh ?;k;yk goh-

l eqykauk R;kaP;k [kktxh xks"Vhckcr xqIrrk jk[k.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus R;kaP;k ;k vf/kdkjkps tru gksbZy vls iwjd okrkoj.k fuekZ.k djk;yk gos- eqykaP;koj rs ikGr vlysY;k fjrhfjokt] R;kaph thou'kSyh rlsp R;kaph 'kkfjjhd voLFkk ;ko:u dqBsgh vuqfpr Hkk"; dj.;kl eTtko vkgs- ;k ckchaoj lektkrhy dqBY;kgh ?kVdkus izgkj@vk?kkr d: u;s] ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh-

l eqykauk ekfgrhpk vf/kdkj vkgs- xzkeiapk;rhus eqykauk goh vlysyh ekfgrh R;kauk letsy v'kk Lo:ikr miyC/k gksbZy ;klkBh l{ke iz.kkyh fodflr djk;yk goh-

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३० ३१

Hkkjrke/;s bfrgkl dkGkiklwu xzkeiapk;r vfLrRokr vkgs- Hkkjrkr vkysY;k ijns'kh vkf.k LFkkfud jkT;dR;kZauh ;k iqjkru dkGkiklwu vfLrRokr vlysY;k iz.kkyhe/;s dkGkuq:i cnyY;k xjtkuqlkj] vusd lq/kkj.kk ?kMowu vk.kY;k- ijarw] xzkeLojkT; o LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk ;kauk [kjk vkdkj vkiY;k ns'kkP;k Lokra= y<~;knjE;kuP;k dkGkr izkIr >kyk- vkiY;k jkT;?kVusP;k ७३ O;k ?kVuk nq:Lrhus LojkT; laLFksP;k f=Lrjh; iz.kkyhph ladYiuk vfLrRokr vk.kyh- ;k ?kVuk nq:LrheqGs xzkeiapk;rhyk dkgh v'kkldh; vf/kdkj ns.;kr vkys o xzkeiapk;r ,d lafo/kkukRed ?kVd Eg.kwu ukok:ikyk vkyh- v'kkizdkjs] xko gs ns'kkP;k iz'kkldh; O;oLFksrhy ,d izkFkehd ?kVd cuys- cÚ;kp jkT;ke/;s gh iz.kkyh iapk;rjkt Eg.kwu vfLrRokr vkgs- ;k f=Lrjh; O;oLFkse/;s ifgY;k Lrjkoj xko] nqlÚ;k Lrjkoj rkyqdk vkf.k frlÚ;k Lrjkoj ftYgk iz'kklu vlrs-

७३ O;k ?kVuk nq:Lrhus iapk;rhauk vkfFkZd fodkl] lkekftd U;k; o brj fodklkP;k eksfgek

r;kj dj.;klkBh izLrko ekaMysyk vkgs- yksd'kkghe/;s yksdkapk lgHkkx vl.ks vR;ar vko';d vkgs- Eg.kwup fu;kstuke/;s yksdlgHkkx vl.ks egRokps Bjrs- fuoMwu vkysyh xzkeiapk;r gh ,d LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk vkgs- xkokP;k HkkSxksfyd d{kse/;s vlysY;k 'kkldh; fu;a=.kkph tckcnkjh xzkeiapk;rhph vkgs- vki.k tsOgk vls Eg.krks rsOgk] ;kpk vFkZ tsOgk d/kh lkeqfgd fo"k;kaoj fu.kZ; ?ksrys tkrkr] rsOgk rh xzkeiapk;rhph tckcnkjh vlrs- ;k fu.kZ;izfØ;se/;s ns'kkaP;k lafo/kkfud eqY;kaps dkV sdk sj ikyu dj.;kph tckcnkjh gh xzkeiapk;rhph vlrs- mRre iz'kklukpk eq[; ?kVd gk dkjHkkjkrhy ikjn'k Zdrk] dk;Z{kerk] ijh.kkedkjdrk] izfrlknkRedrk o ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kaph tckcnkjh ?ks.ks gk vkgs- ;k loZ ladYiukpk HkkjrkP;k jkT;?kVusyk visf{kr vlysyk vFkZ letwu ?ks.ks egRokps vkgs- ;k lanHkkZrhy lfoLrj ppkZ ;k iqfLrdsP;k ifjf'k"V ३ e/;s uewn dsysys vkgs

xzkeiapk;rhlkj[kh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk gh ukxjhdkaP;k thoukrhy fofo/k ?kVdkalanHkkZr

[kjh yksd'kkgh gh dsanzke/;s ,d= cl.kkÚ;k २० O;DrhaeqGs izR;{k dke d: 'kdr ukgh- yksd'kkgh gh rGkxkGkrhy izR;sd xkokrhy yksdkaeqGs izLFkkfir dsyh tkow 'kdrs & e-d- xka/kh

egkjk"Vªkrhy xzkeiapk;r fodkl izfØ;k (GPDP) ;kaps eqG Hkkjrh; jkT;?kVusrhy dye २४३ th e/;s vkgs- ;k dyekuqlkj] jkT;kus iapk;rhyk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj iznku dsysys vkgsr] ts.ks d:u] xzkeiapk;r gh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkspk ,d eq[; ?kVd cuyh vkgs- ;k dyekuqlkj xzkeiapk;rhyk xkokpk vkfFkZd

fodkl] lkekftd U;k; o fofo/k ;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh dj.;klkBh ११ O;k vuqlwph e/;s uewn dsY;kizek.ks fo'ks"k vf/kdkj o tckcnkjh iznku dj.;kr vkyh vkgs-

३० ३१

Hkkjrke/;s bfrgkl dkGkiklwu xzkeiapk;r vfLrRokr vkgs- Hkkjrkr vkysY;k ijns'kh vkf.k LFkkfud jkT;dR;kZauh ;k iqjkru dkGkiklwu vfLrRokr vlysY;k iz.kkyhe/;s dkGkuq:i cnyY;k xjtkuqlkj] vusd lq/kkj.kk ?kMowu vk.kY;k- ijarw] xzkeLojkT; o LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk ;kauk [kjk vkdkj vkiY;k ns'kkP;k Lokra= y<~;knjE;kuP;k dkGkr izkIr >kyk- vkiY;k jkT;?kVusP;k ७३ O;k ?kVuk nq:Lrhus LojkT; laLFksP;k f=Lrjh; iz.kkyhph ladYiuk vfLrRokr vk.kyh- ;k ?kVuk nq:LrheqGs xzkeiapk;rhyk dkgh v'kkldh; vf/kdkj ns.;kr vkys o xzkeiapk;r ,d lafo/kkukRed ?kVd Eg.kwu ukok:ikyk vkyh- v'kkizdkjs] xko gs ns'kkP;k iz'kkldh; O;oLFksrhy ,d izkFkehd ?kVd cuys- cÚ;kp jkT;ke/;s gh iz.kkyh iapk;rjkt Eg.kwu vfLrRokr vkgs- ;k f=Lrjh; O;oLFkse/;s ifgY;k Lrjkoj xko] nqlÚ;k Lrjkoj rkyqdk vkf.k frlÚ;k Lrjkoj ftYgk iz'kklu vlrs-

७३ O;k ?kVuk nq:Lrhus iapk;rhauk vkfFkZd fodkl] lkekftd U;k; o brj fodklkP;k eksfgek

r;kj dj.;klkBh izLrko ekaMysyk vkgs- yksd'kkghe/;s yksdkapk lgHkkx vl.ks vR;ar vko';d vkgs- Eg.kwup fu;kstuke/;s yksdlgHkkx vl.ks egRokps Bjrs- fuoMwu vkysyh xzkeiapk;r gh ,d LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk vkgs- xkokP;k HkkSxksfyd d{kse/;s vlysY;k 'kkldh; fu;a=.kkph tckcnkjh xzkeiapk;rhph vkgs- vki.k tsOgk vls Eg.krks rsOgk] ;kpk vFkZ tsOgk d/kh lkeqfgd fo"k;kaoj fu.kZ; ?ksrys tkrkr] rsOgk rh xzkeiapk;rhph tckcnkjh vlrs- ;k fu.kZ;izfØ;se/;s ns'kkaP;k lafo/kkfud eqY;kaps dkV sdk sj ikyu dj.;kph tckcnkjh gh xzkeiapk;rhph vlrs- mRre iz'kklukpk eq[; ?kVd gk dkjHkkjkrhy ikjn'k Zdrk] dk;Z{kerk] ijh.kkedkjdrk] izfrlknkRedrk o ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kaph tckcnkjh ?ks.ks gk vkgs- ;k loZ ladYiukpk HkkjrkP;k jkT;?kVusyk visf{kr vlysyk vFkZ letwu ?ks.ks egRokps vkgs- ;k lanHkkZrhy lfoLrj ppkZ ;k iqfLrdsP;k ifjf'k"V ३ e/;s uewn dsysys vkgs

xzkeiapk;rhlkj[kh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk gh ukxjhdkaP;k thoukrhy fofo/k ?kVdkalanHkkZr

[kjh yksd'kkgh gh dsanzke/;s ,d= cl.kkÚ;k २० O;DrhaeqGs izR;{k dke d: 'kdr ukgh- yksd'kkgh gh rGkxkGkrhy izR;sd xkokrhy yksdkaeqGs izLFkkfir dsyh tkow 'kdrs & e-d- xka/kh

egkjk"Vªkrhy xzkeiapk;r fodkl izfØ;k (GPDP) ;kaps eqG Hkkjrh; jkT;?kVusrhy dye २४३ th e/;s vkgs- ;k dyekuqlkj] jkT;kus iapk;rhyk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj iznku dsysys vkgsr] ts.ks d:u] xzkeiapk;r gh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkspk ,d eq[; ?kVd cuyh vkgs- ;k dyekuqlkj xzkeiapk;rhyk xkokpk vkfFkZd

fodkl] lkekftd U;k; o fofo/k ;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh dj.;klkBh ११ O;k vuqlwph e/;s uewn dsY;kizek.ks fo'ks"k vf/kdkj o tckcnkjh iznku dj.;kr vkyh vkgs-

fu.kZ; ?ks.;kl tckcnkj ?kVd vkgs- १४ O;k foRr vk;ksxkus uewn dsY;kuqlkj jkT;kus xzkeiapk;rhyk fodkl vkjk[kMk r;kj dj.;klkBh o yksdlgHkkxkrwu R;k vkjk[kM~;kph vaeyctko.kh dj.;klkBh vko';d vlysY;k fu/khps okVi dj.;kP;k lwpuk fnY;k vkgsr- egkjk"Vª 'kklukus xzkeiapk;rhPkk fodkl vkjk[kMk cufo.;klkBh dkgh ekxZn'kZd eqY;kaph lwph r;kj dsysyh vkgs- ;k ekxZn'kZd rRokuqlkj] xzkeiapk;rhP;k ekuoh lalk/ku o vkfFkZd rjrwnhapk mRre iz'kkluklkBh dlk okij dj.;kr ;kok gs lfoLrj uewn dsysys vkgs- ;kp ekxZn'kZd rRokuqlkj fodkl fu;kstu djrkuk dqBY;k {ks=kpk o dqBY;k ifjfLFkrhps voyksdu izk/kkU;kus djk;yk gos ;k fo"k;h lkax.;kr vkys vkgs- ;ke/;s efgyk o ckydY;k.k] efgyk lcyhdj.k] ouoklh dY;k.k] vuqlqfpr tkrh tekrhps dY;k.k] vkjksX;] f'k{k.k] m|ksx/aknk] fi.;kps ik.kh] lkaMik.;koj dsyh tk.kkjh izfØ;k] eyfuLlkj.k izfØ;k dsanz] vikjaikjhd mtkZL=ksr] i;kZ;h oht fufeZrh dsanz]

xkokrhy ik;kHkwr lqfo/kk] ujsxk varxZar dsyh tk.kkjh dkes] LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku bR;knhapk lekos'k vkgs-

fofo/k {ks=ke/;s fu;kstu o vk[kysY;k

;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh dj.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhyk ,d dk;Z{ke ;a=.ksph xjt vlrs- ;kp ;a=.kspk Hkkx Eg.kwu fofo/k lfeR;kaph use.kwd dsyh tkrs- ;kiSdh dkgh lfeR;k ;k iapk;r dk;|ke/;s uewn dsysY;k vk<Grkr-

,dk fof'k"V {k s=krhy dkeklkBh xzkeiapk;r ns[khy v'kk lfeR;kaph fu;qDrh d: 'kdrs- fo'ks"k vf/kdkj vlysY;k yksdkapk ;k lfeR;ke/;s lgHkkx vlrks- v'kk lferhps dke gs vk[kwu fnysY;k fu;ekaP;k d{ksr f'kLrc/ni.ks dsys tkrs-

v'kk lfeR;k dkgh fof'k"V dkye;kZnslkBh useY;k tkrkr- ,dk fof'k"V fo"k;kr dkS'kY; vlysY;k O;Drhauk ;k lferhps lnL; cufoys tkrs- R;kaP;k vuqHkokpk ;ksX; rks Qk;nk ifj.kkedkjd iz'kkluklkBh dsyk tkÅ 'kdrks- vkfFk Zd fodklkcjkscjp lkekftd U;k; gk mRre iz'kklukpk ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd vkgs- tsOgk xzkeiapk;r ckygDdkackcr tkx:drsus dk;Z djr vlrs] rsOgk eqykaP;k ckcrhr vlysY;k lkekftd U;k;kph vks?kkusp ti.kwd dsyh tkrs- egkjk"Vª xzkeiapk;r dk;nk o R;krhy okjaokj dsY;k xsysY;k lq/kkj.kkuqlkj xzkeiapk;rhyk lkekftd o vkfFkZd fodklklkBh fo'ks"k vf/kdkj o tckcnkÚ;k ns.;kr vkysY;k vkgsr-

xzkefodklkps izdYi tls ik.kyksV {ks=kpk fodkl dj.;klkBh fof'k"V lferh cuoyh tkow 'kdrs- rlsp Lo;algk¸;rk xVkaekQZr jk"Vªh;] xzkeh.k jkstxkj vfHk;ku ¼NRLM½ gh ;kstuk jkcoyh tkrs-

n{krk o lafu;a=.k lferh gh ujsxk varxZar cuoyh tkrs-

'kkGk O;oLFkkiu lferh gh 'kS{k.khd foHkkxkrxZar cuoyh tkrs- rlsp xzkeh.k vkjksX; o LoPNrk] iks"kd vkgkj lferh ¼VHSNC½ gs vkjksX; [kkR;karxZr cuoyh tkrs-

;k lfeR;kaps lnL;Ro] Hkwfedk o dk;ZdkG gk Bjkfod vlrks-

३२

l xzkefodklkps izdYi tls ik.kyksV {ks=kpk fodkl dj.;klkBh fof'k"V lferh cuoyh tkow 'kdrs- rlsp Lo;algk¸;rk xVkaekQZr jk"Vªh;] xzkeh.k jkstxkj vfHk;ku ¼NRLM½ gh ;kstuk jkcoyh tkrs-

l n{krk o lafu;a=.k lferh gh ujsxk varxZar cuoyh tkrs-

l 'kkGk O;oLFkkiu lferh gh 'kS{k.khd foHkkxkrxZar cuoyh tkrs- rlsp xzkeh.k vkjksX; o LoPNrk] iks"kd vkgkj lferh ¼VHSNC½ gs vkjksX; [kkR;karxZr cuoyh tkrs-

l ;k lfeR;kaps lnL;Ro] Hkwfedk o dk;ZdkG gk Bjkfod vlrks-

३३

eqykalkBh fu;kstu djrkuk [kkyh uewn dsysY;k ckchauk fopkjiwoZd letwu ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs-

१- eqykaph vkjksX;iw.kZ ok< Ogk;yk goh- tUekyk vkysys eqy gs tUer% fujksxh vlk;yk gos- eqykauk iqjs'kk izek.kkr iks"k.k o ;ksX; osGki=dkuqlkj ylhdj.k fnys xsys ikfgts- xkokrhy okrkoj.k gs fudksi] fujksxh] jksxeqDr vlk;yk gos] ts.ks d:u eqykapk lokZaxh.k fodkl o fudksi ok< gks.;kl enr gksbZy-

२- eqykauk laj{k.k feGkys ikfgts- dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k vR;kpkjkauk eqykauk lkeksjs tk;yk ykxw u;s ¼'kkjhfjd] Hkkofud fdaok ekufld½- eqykauk os';k O;olk;] ySafxd vR;kpkj] vaeyh inkFkZ] iGowu us.ks ;kiklwu laiw.kZ laj{k.k fnys xsys ikfgts- rlsp dqBY;kgh 'kks"k.kkiklwu R;kauk laj{k.k feGk;yk gos-

३- eqykauk fodklkP;k la/kh feGk;yk gO;kr- izR;sd eqykyk vkjksX;iw.kZ iks"kd vkgkj] mRre okrkoj.k] ntsZnkj vkjksX; lqfo/kk] ntZsnkj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk] [ksG.;klkBh iqjs'kh tkxk o lqfo/kk feGk;yk gO;kr- mPpLrjkps f'k{k.k o Kku eqykauk feGk;yk gos] ts.ksd:u R;kaP;k ck S f/nd {kersyk o vaxHk wr vlysY;k dyk@fØMk xq.kkauk ;ksX; rks vkdkj ns.;kph la/kh R;kauk izkIr gksow 'kdsy- eqykauk fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;kP;k la/kh miyC/k d:u |k;yk gO;kr-

४- eqykauk lgHkkx djrk ;k;yk ikfgts- eqykauk R;kaps fopkj tckcnkj izkS< O;Drhaleksj ekaM.;kph la/kh o iks"kd okrkoj.k feGk;yk gos- R;kaP;k Eg.k.;kpk ldkjkRed mi;ksx d:u ?ksryk tkok-

fu.kZ; ?ks.;kl tckcnkj ?kVd vkgs- १४ O;k foRr vk;ksxkus uewn dsY;kuqlkj jkT;kus xzkeiapk;rhyk fodkl vkjk[kMk r;kj dj.;klkBh o yksdlgHkkxkrwu R;k vkjk[kM~;kph vaeyctko.kh dj.;klkBh vko';d vlysY;k fu/khps okVi dj.;kP;k lwpuk fnY;k vkgsr- egkjk"Vª 'kklukus xzkeiapk;rhPkk fodkl vkjk[kMk cufo.;klkBh dkgh ekxZn'kZd eqY;kaph lwph r;kj dsysyh vkgs- ;k ekxZn'kZd rRokuqlkj] xzkeiapk;rhP;k ekuoh lalk/ku o vkfFkZd rjrwnhapk mRre iz'kkluklkBh dlk okij dj.;kr ;kok gs lfoLrj uewn dsysys vkgs- ;kp ekxZn'kZd rRokuqlkj fodkl fu;kstu djrkuk dqBY;k {ks=kpk o dqBY;k ifjfLFkrhps voyksdu izk/kkU;kus djk;yk gos ;k fo"k;h lkax.;kr vkys vkgs- ;ke/;s efgyk o ckydY;k.k] efgyk lcyhdj.k] ouoklh dY;k.k] vuqlqfpr tkrh tekrhps dY;k.k] vkjksX;] f'k{k.k] m|ksx/aknk] fi.;kps ik.kh] lkaMik.;koj dsyh tk.kkjh izfØ;k] eyfuLlkj.k izfØ;k dsanz] vikjaikjhd mtkZL=ksr] i;kZ;h oht fufeZrh dsanz]

xkokrhy ik;kHkwr lqfo/kk] ujsxk varxZar dsyh tk.kkjh dkes] LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku bR;knhapk lekos'k vkgs-

fofo/k {ks=ke/;s fu;kstu o vk[kysY;k

;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh dj.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhyk ,d dk;Z{ke ;a=.ksph xjt vlrs- ;kp ;a=.kspk Hkkx Eg.kwu fofo/k lfeR;kaph use.kwd dsyh tkrs- ;kiSdh dkgh lfeR;k ;k iapk;r dk;|ke/;s uewn dsysY;k vk<Grkr-

,dk fof'k"V {k s=krhy dkeklkBh xzkeiapk;r ns[khy v'kk lfeR;kaph fu;qDrh d: 'kdrs- fo'ks"k vf/kdkj vlysY;k yksdkapk ;k lfeR;ke/;s lgHkkx vlrks- v'kk lferhps dke gs vk[kwu fnysY;k fu;ekaP;k d{ksr f'kLrc/ni.ks dsys tkrs-

v'kk lfeR;k dkgh fof'k"V dkye;kZnslkBh useY;k tkrkr- ,dk fof'k"V fo"k;kr dkS'kY; vlysY;k O;Drhauk ;k lferhps lnL; cufoys tkrs- R;kaP;k vuqHkokpk ;ksX; rks Qk;nk ifj.kkedkjd iz'kkluklkBh dsyk tkÅ 'kdrks- vkfFk Zd fodklkcjkscjp lkekftd U;k; gk mRre iz'kklukpk ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd vkgs- tsOgk xzkeiapk;r ckygDdkackcr tkx:drsus dk;Z djr vlrs] rsOgk eqykaP;k ckcrhr vlysY;k lkekftd U;k;kph vks?kkusp ti.kwd dsyh tkrs- egkjk"Vª xzkeiapk;r dk;nk o R;krhy okjaokj dsY;k xsysY;k lq/kkj.kkuqlkj xzkeiapk;rhyk lkekftd o vkfFkZd fodklklkBh fo'ks"k vf/kdkj o tckcnkÚ;k ns.;kr vkysY;k vkgsr-

xzkefodklkps izdYi tls ik.kyksV {ks=kpk fodkl dj.;klkBh fof'k"V lferh cuoyh tkow 'kdrs- rlsp Lo;algk¸;rk xVkaekQZr jk"Vªh;] xzkeh.k jkstxkj vfHk;ku ¼NRLM½ gh ;kstuk jkcoyh tkrs-

n{krk o lafu;a=.k lferh gh ujsxk varxZar cuoyh tkrs-

'kkGk O;oLFkkiu lferh gh 'kS{k.khd foHkkxkrxZar cuoyh tkrs- rlsp xzkeh.k vkjksX; o LoPNrk] iks"kd vkgkj lferh ¼VHSNC½ gs vkjksX; [kkR;karxZr cuoyh tkrs-

;k lfeR;kaps lnL;Ro] Hkwfedk o dk;ZdkG gk Bjkfod vlrks-

३२

l xzkefodklkps izdYi tls ik.kyksV {ks=kpk fodkl dj.;klkBh fof'k"V lferh cuoyh tkow 'kdrs- rlsp Lo;algk¸;rk xVkaekQZr jk"Vªh;] xzkeh.k jkstxkj vfHk;ku ¼NRLM½ gh ;kstuk jkcoyh tkrs-

l n{krk o lafu;a=.k lferh gh ujsxk varxZar cuoyh tkrs-

l 'kkGk O;oLFkkiu lferh gh 'kS{k.khd foHkkxkrxZar cuoyh tkrs- rlsp xzkeh.k vkjksX; o LoPNrk] iks"kd vkgkj lferh ¼VHSNC½ gs vkjksX; [kkR;karxZr cuoyh tkrs-

l ;k lfeR;kaps lnL;Ro] Hkwfedk o dk;ZdkG gk Bjkfod vlrks-

३३

eqykalkBh fu;kstu djrkuk [kkyh uewn dsysY;k ckchauk fopkjiwoZd letwu ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs-

१- eqykaph vkjksX;iw.kZ ok< Ogk;yk goh- tUekyk vkysys eqy gs tUer% fujksxh vlk;yk gos- eqykauk iqjs'kk izek.kkr iks"k.k o ;ksX; osGki=dkuqlkj ylhdj.k fnys xsys ikfgts- xkokrhy okrkoj.k gs fudksi] fujksxh] jksxeqDr vlk;yk gos] ts.ks d:u eqykapk lokZaxh.k fodkl o fudksi ok< gks.;kl enr gksbZy-

२- eqykauk laj{k.k feGkys ikfgts- dqBY;kgh izdkjP;k vR;kpkjkauk eqykauk lkeksjs tk;yk ykxw u;s ¼'kkjhfjd] Hkkofud fdaok ekufld½- eqykauk os';k O;olk;] ySafxd vR;kpkj] vaeyh inkFkZ] iGowu us.ks ;kiklwu laiw.kZ laj{k.k fnys xsys ikfgts- rlsp dqBY;kgh 'kks"k.kkiklwu R;kauk laj{k.k feGk;yk gos-

३- eqykauk fodklkP;k la/kh feGk;yk gO;kr- izR;sd eqykyk vkjksX;iw.kZ iks"kd vkgkj] mRre okrkoj.k] ntsZnkj vkjksX; lqfo/kk] ntZsnkj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk] [ksG.;klkBh iqjs'kh tkxk o lqfo/kk feGk;yk gO;kr- mPpLrjkps f'k{k.k o Kku eqykauk feGk;yk gos] ts.ksd:u R;kaP;k ck S f/nd {kersyk o vaxHk wr vlysY;k dyk@fØMk xq.kkauk ;ksX; rks vkdkj ns.;kph la/kh R;kauk izkIr gksow 'kdsy- eqykauk fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;kP;k la/kh miyC/k d:u |k;yk gO;kr-

४- eqykauk lgHkkx djrk ;k;yk ikfgts- eqykauk R;kaps fopkj tckcnkj izkS< O;Drhaleksj ekaM.;kph la/kh o iks"kd okrkoj.k feGk;yk gos- R;kaP;k Eg.k.;kpk ldkjkRed mi;ksx d:u ?ksryk tkok-

lektkrhy izkS<kauh rlsp 'kklukuh ?ksrysY;k dkSVwafcd fdaok laLFkk ikrGhojhy fofo/k fu.kZ;kapk eqykaoj izR;{k fdaok vizR;{k ifj.kke gksrks- Eg.kwup izR;sd ikrGhoj ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kP;k izfØ;se/;s eqykapk lgHkkx vl.ks vko';d Bjrs- eqykapk lgHkkx gh laLÑrh vkgs o rh ti.;klkBh lektkrhy izkS<kauh eqykauk ;ksX; R;k la/kh o LFkku ns.ks xjtsps vkgs-

'kklukP;k dkedktke/;s eqys lgHkkxh dls gksÅ 'kdrhy\ ;k iz'ukps mRrj] ^^R;kaps Eg.k.ks ,sdw.k ?ksrY;kus** brds lksis vkgs- xzkeiapk;r lnL; o drZO; vf/kdkjh ;kauh eqykaP;k leL;k o R;kaph ers ,sdq.k ?ksÅu R;kauk fu;kstu izfØ;sr mfpr LFkku ns.;kph xjt vkgs- eqykaps Eg.k.ks ,sdq.k ?ks.;klkBh vusd i;kZ; miyC/k vkgsr- izR;sd xkokus Lor%ph ,d Lora= ;a=.kk o iz.kkyh ;klkBh fodflr djk;yk ikfgts-

;kpkp ,d i;kZ; Eg.kts xkokr ckylHksps vk;kstu gks;- ckylHkse/;s xkokrhy lxGh eqys lgHkkxh vlk;yk gohr- ;kpkp vFkZ xkokrhy izR;sd eqyxk@eqyxh ckylHkspk@ph lnL; vlk;yk ikfgts- ckylHksP;k lnL;kauh fu;ehri.ks cSBdk ?;k;yk gO;kr o xkokrhy eqykaps fofo/k fo"k;kalanHkkZr vlysys fopkj o ers xzkeiapk;rhP;k drZO; vf/kdkjkai;Zar iksgpfo.;klkBh fuoMd lnL;kaph ckyiapk;r LFkkiu djk;yk goh- ckylHkk gh loZlekos'kd vl.;klkBh ;ksX; R;k ekxZn'kZdkph o lgtdR;kZph vko';drk vlrs- vkiY;k ns'kkrhy vusd NksV~;k&NksV~;k xkokae/;s eqykaP;k ,df=r ;s.;kus ¼ckylHksOnkjs½ ?kMowu vkysY;k Økarhps lk{khnkj R;k R;k xkokrhy ukxjhd vkt igk;yk feGrkr- ckylHkspk eqG mn~ns'k ckygDdkaP;k lanHkkZr eqykauk tkx:d dj.ks gk vkgs- ckylHksOnkjs eqykaP;k vusd dkS'kY;kauk fodflr dj.;kph la/kh eqykauk feGw 'kdrs- mnk- ckylHksP;k lnL;kaps laHkk"k.k dkS'kY; fodflr gksrs] R;kapk vkRefo'okl ok<rks vkf.k gh eqys lkekftd fodklkP;k izfØ;spk ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd curkr- 'kklukP;k dkedktkP;k izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;kph la/kh ckylHksOnkjs ckylnL;kauk feGw 'kdrs-

vusd xkokae/;s ckylHksP;k fuoMwu vkysY;k lnL;kadjoh ckyiapk;r@xzkelHkse/;s eqykapk lgHkkx [kwi eksB~;k izek.kkr igko;kl feGrks- xzkelHkse/;s ckyiapk;rhps lnL; xkokrhy eqykaP;k fopkjkaph] iz'ukaph] ekx.;kaph fdaok R;kauk visf{kr vlysY;k cnykph ekaM.kh eqn~nslqni.ks djrkuk vk<Grkr- ckylHkk@ckyiapk;r ;kaP;k fu;ehr gks.kkÚ;k cSBdhauk mifLFkr jkgwu xzkeiapk;r lnL;kauk eqykaP;k lkekftd fodklkP;k n`"Vhdksukfo"k;h egRoiw.kZ ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs-

३४

l ckyiapk;rhps mn~ns'k] mfn~n"V] fu;e o dk;ZØekaph vk[k.kh dj.;klkBh lnL;kauk izksRlkfgr dj.ks vis{khr vkgs- ckylHksP;k dkgh mn~ns'kkaph mnkgj.ks [kkyhyizek.ks ueqn dsysys vkgsr-

l eqykaps Eg.k.ks o R;kaph ers izkS<ki;Zar iksgpfo.;klkBh r;kj dsysyk xV-

l eqykaP;k gDdkalanHkkZr dke dj.kkjk xV-

l ckylHkk lnL;kaP;k vkRefo'oklkph o`/nh dj.;klkBh rlsp R;kaps laHkk"k.k dkS'kY; lq/kkj.;klkBh dke djr vlysyk xV-

l eqykaps vfLrRo] fodkl] lgHkkx] laj{k.k ;klkBh dk;Z dj.kkjk xV-

xzkeiapk;rhP;k gn~nhr jkg.kkjh loZ eqys ckylHksph lnL; vlrkr- ;k eqykae/;s 'kkGsr tk.kkÚ;k rlsp 'kkGkckg~; eqykapk lekos'k vlrks- mnjfuokZgkP;k dkj.kkLro xkokckgsj LFkykarjhr >kysY;k fdaok brj dkgh dkj.kkaus l|fLFkrhr xkokr jkgr ulysY;k v'kk loZ eqykaps ckylHksps lnL;Ro vcknhr vlrs- ¼R;kaP;k xSjgtsjhr ns[khy½ v'kk eqykauk R;kaps fopkj ekaM.;kpk gDd vlrks] fo'ks"kr% LFkykarjhr eqykaP;k leL;kafo"k;hps R;kaps er o ekfgrh ckylHksekQZr xzkelHkse/;s nsÅ 'kdrkr-

xkokrhy १० rs १८ o;ksxVkrhy loZ eqys ckylHksps lnL; vlrkr- ckylHkk gh iapk;rhrhy loZ eqykalkBh dk;Z djr vlrs- lektkrhy nwyZ{khr o fodklkiklwu oafpr jkfgysY;k dqVwackrhy eqykapk ckylHkse/;s lgHkkx vl.ks vko';d vkgs] rlsp ckydkexkj] vukFk eqya] ckyfookg >kysyh eqys&eqyh] vYio;kr xjksnj jkfgysY;k eqyh] tkrh/kekZP;k HksnHkkokik;h xkokckgsj jkgr vlysY;k dqVwackrhy eqys ;k loZ eqykapk ckylHkse/;s lgHkkx vlk;yk gok- ckylHksrhy lnL;kae/;s vkfFkZdLrj] tkr] /keZ] fyax ;koj vk/kkjhr HksnHkko ulkok- ckylHksP;k lkIrkfgd cSBdk Ogk;yk gO;kr-

ckylHksus fuoM.kwdhOnkjs ckyiapk;rhP;k lnL;kaph fuoM djk;yk goh- ckylHksyk dkgh fuoMd lnL;kaph use.kwd d:ugh ckyiapk;r LFkkiu djrk ;sÅ 'kdrs- ijarw vls djrkuk dqBY;kgh fu;ekaps mYy?kau dsys tk.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- १२ rs १८ o;ksxVkrhy eqys gh ckyiapk;rhph fuoM.kwd y<ow 'kdrkr fdaok R;kph use.kwd dsyh tkow 'kdrs- xkokrhy izHkkxk brdh ckyiapk;r lnL;kaph la[;k vlk;yk goh- xkokrhy izR;sd ?kVdkps izfrfu/khRo djrk ;sbZy ;klkBhph gh rjrqn dsysyh vkgs- ckyiapk;rhpk ljiap o miljiap gk fuoMwu vkysY;k@useysY;k ckyiapk;r lnL;kauh fuoM.kwdhOnkjs fdaok vkikilkr ,derkus Bjok;pk vlrks- ;k O;frfjDr xzkeiapk;rhus fofo/k dkekalkBh xV fuekZ.k djk;ps vlrkr- gs xV eq[;Ros eqyka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k leL;k o eqykaP;k lanHkkZr vl.kkÚ;k xkokrhy brj ?kVdkackcr dke dj.;klkBh cuoys tkosr- vkjksX; o LoPNrk] f'k{k.k] iks"k.k vkgkj] ckylaj{k.k½

३५

lektkrhy izkS<kauh rlsp 'kklukuh ?ksrysY;k dkSVwafcd fdaok laLFkk ikrGhojhy fofo/k fu.kZ;kapk eqykaoj izR;{k fdaok vizR;{k ifj.kke gksrks- Eg.kwup izR;sd ikrGhoj ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kP;k izfØ;se/;s eqykapk lgHkkx vl.ks vko';d Bjrs- eqykapk lgHkkx gh laLÑrh vkgs o rh ti.;klkBh lektkrhy izkS<kauh eqykauk ;ksX; R;k la/kh o LFkku ns.ks xjtsps vkgs-

'kklukP;k dkedktke/;s eqys lgHkkxh dls gksÅ 'kdrhy\ ;k iz'ukps mRrj] ^^R;kaps Eg.k.ks ,sdw.k ?ksrY;kus** brds lksis vkgs- xzkeiapk;r lnL; o drZO; vf/kdkjh ;kauh eqykaP;k leL;k o R;kaph ers ,sdq.k ?ksÅu R;kauk fu;kstu izfØ;sr mfpr LFkku ns.;kph xjt vkgs- eqykaps Eg.k.ks ,sdq.k ?ks.;klkBh vusd i;kZ; miyC/k vkgsr- izR;sd xkokus Lor%ph ,d Lora= ;a=.kk o iz.kkyh ;klkBh fodflr djk;yk ikfgts-

;kpkp ,d i;kZ; Eg.kts xkokr ckylHksps vk;kstu gks;- ckylHkse/;s xkokrhy lxGh eqys lgHkkxh vlk;yk gohr- ;kpkp vFkZ xkokrhy izR;sd eqyxk@eqyxh ckylHkspk@ph lnL; vlk;yk ikfgts- ckylHksP;k lnL;kauh fu;ehri.ks cSBdk ?;k;yk gO;kr o xkokrhy eqykaps fofo/k fo"k;kalanHkkZr vlysys fopkj o ers xzkeiapk;rhP;k drZO; vf/kdkjkai;Zar iksgpfo.;klkBh fuoMd lnL;kaph ckyiapk;r LFkkiu djk;yk goh- ckylHkk gh loZlekos'kd vl.;klkBh ;ksX; R;k ekxZn'kZdkph o lgtdR;kZph vko';drk vlrs- vkiY;k ns'kkrhy vusd NksV~;k&NksV~;k xkokae/;s eqykaP;k ,df=r ;s.;kus ¼ckylHksOnkjs½ ?kMowu vkysY;k Økarhps lk{khnkj R;k R;k xkokrhy ukxjhd vkt igk;yk feGrkr- ckylHkspk eqG mn~ns'k ckygDdkaP;k lanHkkZr eqykauk tkx:d dj.ks gk vkgs- ckylHksOnkjs eqykaP;k vusd dkS'kY;kauk fodflr dj.;kph la/kh eqykauk feGw 'kdrs- mnk- ckylHksP;k lnL;kaps laHkk"k.k dkS'kY; fodflr gksrs] R;kapk vkRefo'okl ok<rks vkf.k gh eqys lkekftd fodklkP;k izfØ;spk ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd curkr- 'kklukP;k dkedktkP;k izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;kph la/kh ckylHksOnkjs ckylnL;kauk feGw 'kdrs-

vusd xkokae/;s ckylHksP;k fuoMwu vkysY;k lnL;kadjoh ckyiapk;r@xzkelHkse/;s eqykapk lgHkkx [kwi eksB~;k izek.kkr igko;kl feGrks- xzkelHkse/;s ckyiapk;rhps lnL; xkokrhy eqykaP;k fopkjkaph] iz'ukaph] ekx.;kaph fdaok R;kauk visf{kr vlysY;k cnykph ekaM.kh eqn~nslqni.ks djrkuk vk<Grkr- ckylHkk@ckyiapk;r ;kaP;k fu;ehr gks.kkÚ;k cSBdhauk mifLFkr jkgwu xzkeiapk;r lnL;kauk eqykaP;k lkekftd fodklkP;k n`"Vhdksukfo"k;h egRoiw.kZ ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs-

३४

l ckyiapk;rhps mn~ns'k] mfn~n"V] fu;e o dk;ZØekaph vk[k.kh dj.;klkBh lnL;kauk izksRlkfgr dj.ks vis{khr vkgs- ckylHksP;k dkgh mn~ns'kkaph mnkgj.ks [kkyhyizek.ks ueqn dsysys vkgsr-

l eqykaps Eg.k.ks o R;kaph ers izkS<ki;Zar iksgpfo.;klkBh r;kj dsysyk xV-

l eqykaP;k gDdkalanHkkZr dke dj.kkjk xV-

l ckylHkk lnL;kaP;k vkRefo'oklkph o`/nh dj.;klkBh rlsp R;kaps laHkk"k.k dkS'kY; lq/kkj.;klkBh dke djr vlysyk xV-

l eqykaps vfLrRo] fodkl] lgHkkx] laj{k.k ;klkBh dk;Z dj.kkjk xV-

xzkeiapk;rhP;k gn~nhr jkg.kkjh loZ eqys ckylHksph lnL; vlrkr- ;k eqykae/;s 'kkGsr tk.kkÚ;k rlsp 'kkGkckg~; eqykapk lekos'k vlrks- mnjfuokZgkP;k dkj.kkLro xkokckgsj LFkykarjhr >kysY;k fdaok brj dkgh dkj.kkaus l|fLFkrhr xkokr jkgr ulysY;k v'kk loZ eqykaps ckylHksps lnL;Ro vcknhr vlrs- ¼R;kaP;k xSjgtsjhr ns[khy½ v'kk eqykauk R;kaps fopkj ekaM.;kpk gDd vlrks] fo'ks"kr% LFkykarjhr eqykaP;k leL;kafo"k;hps R;kaps er o ekfgrh ckylHksekQZr xzkelHkse/;s nsÅ 'kdrkr-

xkokrhy १० rs १८ o;ksxVkrhy loZ eqys ckylHksps lnL; vlrkr- ckylHkk gh iapk;rhrhy loZ eqykalkBh dk;Z djr vlrs- lektkrhy nwyZ{khr o fodklkiklwu oafpr jkfgysY;k dqVwackrhy eqykapk ckylHkse/;s lgHkkx vl.ks vko';d vkgs] rlsp ckydkexkj] vukFk eqya] ckyfookg >kysyh eqys&eqyh] vYio;kr xjksnj jkfgysY;k eqyh] tkrh/kekZP;k HksnHkkokik;h xkokckgsj jkgr vlysY;k dqVwackrhy eqys ;k loZ eqykapk ckylHkse/;s lgHkkx vlk;yk gok- ckylHksrhy lnL;kae/;s vkfFkZdLrj] tkr] /keZ] fyax ;koj vk/kkjhr HksnHkko ulkok- ckylHksP;k lkIrkfgd cSBdk Ogk;yk gO;kr-

ckylHksus fuoM.kwdhOnkjs ckyiapk;rhP;k lnL;kaph fuoM djk;yk goh- ckylHksyk dkgh fuoMd lnL;kaph use.kwd d:ugh ckyiapk;r LFkkiu djrk ;sÅ 'kdrs- ijarw vls djrkuk dqBY;kgh fu;ekaps mYy?kau dsys tk.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- १२ rs १८ o;ksxVkrhy eqys gh ckyiapk;rhph fuoM.kwd y<ow 'kdrkr fdaok R;kph use.kwd dsyh tkow 'kdrs- xkokrhy izHkkxk brdh ckyiapk;r lnL;kaph la[;k vlk;yk goh- xkokrhy izR;sd ?kVdkps izfrfu/khRo djrk ;sbZy ;klkBhph gh rjrqn dsysyh vkgs- ckyiapk;rhpk ljiap o miljiap gk fuoMwu vkysY;k@useysY;k ckyiapk;r lnL;kauh fuoM.kwdhOnkjs fdaok vkikilkr ,derkus Bjok;pk vlrks- ;k O;frfjDr xzkeiapk;rhus fofo/k dkekalkBh xV fuekZ.k djk;ps vlrkr- gs xV eq[;Ros eqyka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k leL;k o eqykaP;k lanHkkZr vl.kkÚ;k xkokrhy brj ?kVdkackcr dke dj.;klkBh cuoys tkosr- vkjksX; o LoPNrk] f'k{k.k] iks"k.k vkgkj] ckylaj{k.k½

३५

ckylHksP;k LFkkiusP;k lq:okrhP;k dkGkr lektkrhy izkS< O;Drhauh R;kauk lgk¸; dj.ks visf{kr vkgs- ckylHksP;k ;kp VI;koj 'kkGsrhy f'k{kd] iapk;r lnL;] izsjd@izsjhdk ¼lgtdrZs½ ;kauk egRokph Hkwfedk fuHkoko;kph vlrs- izkS<kauh eqykauk yksd'kkghoj vk/kkjhr ,d= dke dj.;kP;k eqY;kaph izkR;f{kd vksG[k ;k lanHkkZr d:u |k;yk goh- izkS< lnL;dR;kZauh lqlaoknkph] lgHkkxkph] ,drsph rlsp HksnHkko fojghr dk;Z dj.;kP;k eqY;kaph vksG[k cky lnL;kauk d:u ns.ks visf{kr vkgs- ;k i/nrhus dk;Z dj.;klkBh eqykauk izkS< lnL;kauh ;ksX; rs ekxZn'kZu djk;yk gos- ;k eqY;kaph tio.kwd gksr vkgs fdaok ukgh ;kph iMrkG.kh izkS< lnL;kauh ojpsoj lwpd iz'ukadjoh d:u ?;koh- v'kk i/nrhus ckyLusgh iapk;rhOnkjs lektkrhy eqys o izkS<] nksu mixV Eg.kwu 'kkldh; ;a=.kse/;s leUo;kus dk;Z d: 'kdrkr- ckyiapk;r lnL;kaps eqn~ns fopkjkr ?ks.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus ,d l{ke ;a=.kk mHkkj.ks vko';d vkgs- vls dj.;kpk ,d mRre ekxZ Eg.kts ckylHksP;k o ckyiapk;rhP;k cSBdkauk osGksosGh mifLFkr jkg.ks- ykrwj ftYg~;kP;k /kke.kxko xzkeiapk;rhus izsjd vkf.k izsjhdkaph fuoM d:u ckylHksyk o ckyiapk;rhyk ;ksX; ekxZn'kZu dj.;kps mRre mnkgj.k vkiY;kleksj izLFkkfir dsysys vkgs-

v- cSBdhph okjaokjhrk-

c- cSBdhr ?ks.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k ppsZlkBhps izeq[k fo"k;-

d- izkS< lnL;kaleksj ekaM.;klkBh r;kj dsysY;k eqykaP;k leL;kaph vafre ;knh r;kj dj.ks-

M- ckyiapk;r lnL;kaP;k eqyka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k fofo/k fo"k;kalanHkkZr dke dj.;klkBh lfeR;k cufo.ks- mnk- eqykaps vfLrRo] eqykaps laj{k.k] eqykapk fodkl o eqykapk lgHkkx b- ;k O;frfjDr ckyiapk;r lnL;kauk vf/kdkf/kd fo"k;kaoj dke dj.;klkBh osxosxG~;k lfeR;k fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh izksRlkgu ns.;kr ;kos-

b- egRokP;k jk"Vªh; rlsp vkarjjk"Vªh; fnolkaph ekfgrh eqykauk nsowu rs&rs fnol lktjs dj.ks] ts.ksd:u eqykauk vkiY;k bfrgklkph ekfgrh gksow 'kdsy- mnk- ११ vkDVkscj & ckyhdk fnol]

२० uksOgsacj & tkxfrd ckyfnu] १० fMlsacj&ekuohgDd fnu] १९ uksOgsacj&ckyfnu] १२ twu&tkxfrd cky dkexkj fojks/kh fnu-

bZ- lektkrhy izkS< O;Drhauk vkeaf=r dj.ks-

३६

xzkeiapk;r gh ckyLusgh gks.;kpk ,d ekxZ Eg.kts eqykalkBh fu;kstu dj.ks- eqykalkBh fu;kstu dj.;kpk mn~ns'k gk xkokrhy loZ eqykauk loZgDd feGrhy ;kph [kk=h d:u ns.ks gks;-

fu;kstuklkBh xq.kkRed o la[;kRed ekfgrhph vko';drk vlrs- yksd'kkghe/;s fu;kstuklkBh yksdlgHkkx vR;ar egRokpk Bjrks-

eqykalkBh fu;kstu djrsosGh] eqykapk lgHkkx vl.ks vR;ko';d vkgs- ;k vk/kh] lfoLrj ppsZe/;s uewn dsY;kizek.ks eqykaP;k lgHkkxklkBh fof'k"V la/kh o ;ksX; okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dsyh xsyh ikfgts- ckyLusgh iapk;r izfrfu/khauh cky iapk;rhlkscr okjaokj o fu;ehr i/nrhus laokn lk/kk;yk gok- rlsp iapk;rhus

ckylHkslkscr ns[khy fu;ehri.ks laokn lk/kk;yk gok- eqykauk R;kaps Eg.k.ks] R;kaP;k leL;k eksdGsi.kkus leksjkleksj cksywu fdaok fyf[kr Lo:ikr vtkZOnkjs fdaok /ouheqnzhr Lo:ikr ekaM.;kph eqHkk vlk;yk goh- eqykaP;k Eg.k.;kph@rØkjhaph xzkeiapk;rhP;k uksanogh e/;s ;ksX; izdkjs uksan dsyh tkoh-

xzkeiapk;r fodkl fu;kstu ¼GPDP½ e/;s vko';d vlysY;k ekfgrhpk L=ksr o R;klanHkkZrhy ekxZn'kZu uewn dsysys vkgs- iapk;rhyk goh vlysyh ekfgrh fofo/k xzkelaLFkk vkf.k deZpkÚ;kaekQZr feGw 'kdrs- ts.ksd:u] eqykaP;k vMp.kh R;kaP;k xjtk letwu ?ks.;kl iapk;rhyk enr gksow 'kdrs- okLrooknh ekfgrhP;k vk/kkjs eqykaP;k l|fLFkrhckcrph

३७

ckylHksP;k LFkkiusP;k lq:okrhP;k dkGkr lektkrhy izkS< O;Drhauh R;kauk lgk¸; dj.ks visf{kr vkgs- ckylHksP;k ;kp VI;koj 'kkGsrhy f'k{kd] iapk;r lnL;] izsjd@izsjhdk ¼lgtdrZs½ ;kauk egRokph Hkwfedk fuHkoko;kph vlrs- izkS<kauh eqykauk yksd'kkghoj vk/kkjhr ,d= dke dj.;kP;k eqY;kaph izkR;f{kd vksG[k ;k lanHkkZr d:u |k;yk goh- izkS< lnL;dR;kZauh lqlaoknkph] lgHkkxkph] ,drsph rlsp HksnHkko fojghr dk;Z dj.;kP;k eqY;kaph vksG[k cky lnL;kauk d:u ns.ks visf{kr vkgs- ;k i/nrhus dk;Z dj.;klkBh eqykauk izkS< lnL;kauh ;ksX; rs ekxZn'kZu djk;yk gos- ;k eqY;kaph tio.kwd gksr vkgs fdaok ukgh ;kph iMrkG.kh izkS< lnL;kauh ojpsoj lwpd iz'ukadjoh d:u ?;koh- v'kk i/nrhus ckyLusgh iapk;rhOnkjs lektkrhy eqys o izkS<] nksu mixV Eg.kwu 'kkldh; ;a=.kse/;s leUo;kus dk;Z d: 'kdrkr- ckyiapk;r lnL;kaps eqn~ns fopkjkr ?ks.;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhus ,d l{ke ;a=.kk mHkkj.ks vko';d vkgs- vls dj.;kpk ,d mRre ekxZ Eg.kts ckylHksP;k o ckyiapk;rhP;k cSBdkauk osGksosGh mifLFkr jkg.ks- ykrwj ftYg~;kP;k /kke.kxko xzkeiapk;rhus izsjd vkf.k izsjhdkaph fuoM d:u ckylHksyk o ckyiapk;rhyk ;ksX; ekxZn'kZu dj.;kps mRre mnkgj.k vkiY;kleksj izLFkkfir dsysys vkgs-

v- cSBdhph okjaokjhrk-

c- cSBdhr ?ks.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k ppsZlkBhps izeq[k fo"k;-

d- izkS< lnL;kaleksj ekaM.;klkBh r;kj dsysY;k eqykaP;k leL;kaph vafre ;knh r;kj dj.ks-

M- ckyiapk;r lnL;kaP;k eqyka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k fofo/k fo"k;kalanHkkZr dke dj.;klkBh lfeR;k cufo.ks- mnk- eqykaps vfLrRo] eqykaps laj{k.k] eqykapk fodkl o eqykapk lgHkkx b- ;k O;frfjDr ckyiapk;r lnL;kauk vf/kdkf/kd fo"k;kaoj dke dj.;klkBh osxosxG~;k lfeR;k fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh izksRlkgu ns.;kr ;kos-

b- egRokP;k jk"Vªh; rlsp vkarjjk"Vªh; fnolkaph ekfgrh eqykauk nsowu rs&rs fnol lktjs dj.ks] ts.ksd:u eqykauk vkiY;k bfrgklkph ekfgrh gksow 'kdsy- mnk- ११ vkDVkscj & ckyhdk fnol]

२० uksOgsacj & tkxfrd ckyfnu] १० fMlsacj&ekuohgDd fnu] १९ uksOgsacj&ckyfnu] १२ twu&tkxfrd cky dkexkj fojks/kh fnu-

bZ- lektkrhy izkS< O;Drhauk vkeaf=r dj.ks-

३६

xzkeiapk;r gh ckyLusgh gks.;kpk ,d ekxZ Eg.kts eqykalkBh fu;kstu dj.ks- eqykalkBh fu;kstu dj.;kpk mn~ns'k gk xkokrhy loZ eqykauk loZgDd feGrhy ;kph [kk=h d:u ns.ks gks;-

fu;kstuklkBh xq.kkRed o la[;kRed ekfgrhph vko';drk vlrs- yksd'kkghe/;s fu;kstuklkBh yksdlgHkkx vR;ar egRokpk Bjrks-

eqykalkBh fu;kstu djrsosGh] eqykapk lgHkkx vl.ks vR;ko';d vkgs- ;k vk/kh] lfoLrj ppsZe/;s uewn dsY;kizek.ks eqykaP;k lgHkkxklkBh fof'k"V la/kh o ;ksX; okrkoj.kkph fufeZrh dsyh xsyh ikfgts- ckyLusgh iapk;r izfrfu/khauh cky iapk;rhlkscr okjaokj o fu;ehr i/nrhus laokn lk/kk;yk gok- rlsp iapk;rhus

ckylHkslkscr ns[khy fu;ehri.ks laokn lk/kk;yk gok- eqykauk R;kaps Eg.k.ks] R;kaP;k leL;k eksdGsi.kkus leksjkleksj cksywu fdaok fyf[kr Lo:ikr vtkZOnkjs fdaok /ouheqnzhr Lo:ikr ekaM.;kph eqHkk vlk;yk goh- eqykaP;k Eg.k.;kph@rØkjhaph xzkeiapk;rhP;k uksanogh e/;s ;ksX; izdkjs uksan dsyh tkoh-

xzkeiapk;r fodkl fu;kstu ¼GPDP½ e/;s vko';d vlysY;k ekfgrhpk L=ksr o R;klanHkkZrhy ekxZn'kZu uewn dsysys vkgs- iapk;rhyk goh vlysyh ekfgrh fofo/k xzkelaLFkk vkf.k deZpkÚ;kaekQZr feGw 'kdrs- ts.ksd:u] eqykaP;k vMp.kh R;kaP;k xjtk letwu ?ks.;kl iapk;rhyk enr gksow 'kdrs- okLrooknh ekfgrhP;k vk/kkjs eqykaP;k l|fLFkrhckcrph

३७

lfoLrj ekfgrh iapk;rhyk feGw 'kdrs- ts.ksd:u] fofo/k ;kstukae/khy =qVh letwu ?ks.;kl enr gksow 'kdrs o R;k lq/kkj.;kph la/kh ;ksX;osGh feGw 'kdrs-

lafu;a=.kklkBh vkjk[kMk fodflr dj.;klkBh ,d iqfLrdk] th ;k lk/kulkfgR;kP;k lapkpk Hkkx Eg.kwu r;kj dj.;kr vkyh vkgs- ;k iqfLrdspk okij ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh] ekfgrhpk L=ksr tk.kwu ?ks.;klkBh o feGkysY;k ekfgrhpk l|fLFkrh'kh

lanHkZ ykowu R;kps i`FFkdj.k dj.;klkBh gksow 'kdrks-

iapk;rhyk eqykalkBh o eqykaP;k gDdkalkBh ¼gLriqfLrdspk lanHkZ ?ks.ks½ fofo/k 'kkldh; laLFkkph ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs- ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh iapk;rsyk fof'k"V dkyko/kh fuf'pr djkok ykxsy- rlsp ,d elqnk r;kj djkok ykxsy- ts.ksd:u] feGkysY;k ekfgrhps voyksdu d:u vfLrRokr vlysY;k leL;kaph ;ksX; tk.kho o R;kaph rhozrk y{kkr ;s.;kl

enr gksbZy- feGkysY;k ekfgrhpk mi;ksx gk eqykalkBh fodkl vkjk[kMk r;kj dj.;klkBh mi;ksxkr ;sow 'kdrks- ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh GPDP us Bjowu fnysY;k ekxZn'kZd elq|kpk mi;ksx djrk ;sbZy-

eqykaps gDd izLFkkfir gksrhy o tksiklys tkrhy ;klkBhps iwjd okrkoj.k xkoke/;s fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh iapk;rhyk fofo/k lfeR;kae/;s leUo;

lk/krk ;sbZy- lfeR;kaps dkedkt dj.;klkBh ;ksX; R;k vuqHkoh O;Drhph fuoM dj.ks vR;ar egRokps vkgs- r;kj dsysys xV o fofo/k lfeR;kaP;k lnL;kauk ckygDdkaP;k lanHkkZr ;ksX; rh ekfgrh o izf'k{k.k ns.ks xjtsps vkgs- ts.ksd:u ;k lanHkkZrhy R;kaph drZO; vf/kdkÚ;kph Hkwfedk gs lnL; ;ksX; fjrhus fuHkko 'kdrhy- gs izf'k{k.k ;'knk lkj[;k laLFkkaekQZr fnyss tkÅ 'kdrs

३८

xkokrhy

vax.kokMh

tx.;

kpk

gDd

१- xjksnj

efgyk

vlysys@

vax.kokMhr fu;

ehr

u tk.kkÚ;k eqy

kaps

dqVwac-

२- dqiks"khr

eqy v

lysys

ik= d

qVwac-

३- ,d

k fof'k"V

efgU;kr t

UeysY;

k eqy

kaph o

eqyhap

h la[;

k४- vax.kokMhy

k vko';

d v

l.kkÚ;

k ik;kHkwr

lqfo/kk

miy

C/k vkgsr

dk\

५- vko';

d v

lyssyh

;a= l

keqxzh pky

w fLFkrhr

vkgs d

k\

६- Lo

PNrsp

h dkG

th

?ksry

h tkr v

kgs

dk\

१- ekfgrh feG

o.;kpk

uequk r

;kj d

:u-

२- ekfgrhps i

`Fkdj.k

dj.;kl

kBh fofgr

uequk fod

flr

d:u-

३- lferh l

nL;kauk

fofo/k

laLFkkau

k HksV

h ns.

;kl

usequ

-४- xzkeip

k;r

lnL

;kauh laLFkkau

k HksV

h nso

wu-५- dk;ZdR;

kZauh

xzkelHkse

/;s

lknjhdj.k d:u

६- fo'ks"k

xzkelHksp

s vk;skt

u d:u

१- ekfgrhps i

`FkDd

j.k

२- leL

;k vksG

[k.ks-

३-

WC

D d

Ms t

kx`rh

vfHk;kukph ekx.kh

d:u

¼mnk-

iks"k.

kkph leL

;k½

४- eqy

६ e

fgU;

kps

gksrkp R;kps u

ko

f'k/kkif=dsr

uksano

.ks-

५- dqVwac

o mnj

fuokZgkP;

k ;kst

ukae/;s n

qok

fuekZ.k d

j.ks

ekrk x

V

vkf.

k

ckyiap

k;r

iks"k.

k lferh

xzkelsod

tx.;

kpk o

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d

१- fnO;kax e

qy o

R;

kaP;k viax

Rokps

१- fu;ehr

f'kchj

¼viax

Rokpk nk[kyk

xkokrhy

cky

१ २

३९

lfoLrj ekfgrh iapk;rhyk feGw 'kdrs- ts.ksd:u] fofo/k ;kstukae/khy =qVh letwu ?ks.;kl enr gksow 'kdrs o R;k lq/kkj.;kph la/kh ;ksX;osGh feGw 'kdrs-

lafu;a=.kklkBh vkjk[kMk fodflr dj.;klkBh ,d iqfLrdk] th ;k lk/kulkfgR;kP;k lapkpk Hkkx Eg.kwu r;kj dj.;kr vkyh vkgs- ;k iqfLrdspk okij ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh] ekfgrhpk L=ksr tk.kwu ?ks.;klkBh o feGkysY;k ekfgrhpk l|fLFkrh'kh

lanHkZ ykowu R;kps i`FFkdj.k dj.;klkBh gksow 'kdrks-

iapk;rhyk eqykalkBh o eqykaP;k gDdkalkBh ¼gLriqfLrdspk lanHkZ ?ks.ks½ fofo/k 'kkldh; laLFkkph ekfgrh feGw 'kdrs- ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh iapk;rsyk fof'k"V dkyko/kh fuf'pr djkok ykxsy- rlsp ,d elqnk r;kj djkok ykxsy- ts.ksd:u] feGkysY;k ekfgrhps voyksdu d:u vfLrRokr vlysY;k leL;kaph ;ksX; tk.kho o R;kaph rhozrk y{kkr ;s.;kl

enr gksbZy- feGkysY;k ekfgrhpk mi;ksx gk eqykalkBh fodkl vkjk[kMk r;kj dj.;klkBh mi;ksxkr ;sow 'kdrks- ekfgrh feGfo.;klkBh GPDP us Bjowu fnysY;k ekxZn'kZd elq|kpk mi;ksx djrk ;sbZy-

eqykaps gDd izLFkkfir gksrhy o tksiklys tkrhy ;klkBhps iwjd okrkoj.k xkoke/;s fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh iapk;rhyk fofo/k lfeR;kae/;s leUo;

lk/krk ;sbZy- lfeR;kaps dkedkt dj.;klkBh ;ksX; R;k vuqHkoh O;Drhph fuoM dj.ks vR;ar egRokps vkgs- r;kj dsysys xV o fofo/k lfeR;kaP;k lnL;kauk ckygDdkaP;k lanHkkZr ;ksX; rh ekfgrh o izf'k{k.k ns.ks xjtsps vkgs- ts.ksd:u ;k lanHkkZrhy R;kaph drZO; vf/kdkÚ;kph Hkwfedk gs lnL; ;ksX; fjrhus fuHkko 'kdrhy- gs izf'k{k.k ;'knk lkj[;k laLFkkaekQZr fnyss tkÅ 'kdrs

३८

xkokrhy

vax.kokMh

tx.;

kpk

gDd

१- xjksnj

efgyk

vlysys@

vax.kokMhr fu;

ehr

u tk.kkÚ;k eqy

kaps

dqVwac-

२- dqiks"khr

eqy v

lysys

ik= d

qVwac-

३- ,d

k fof'k"V

efgU;kr t

UeysY;

k eqy

kaph o

eqyhap

h la[;

k४- vax.kokMhy

k vko';

d v

l.kkÚ;

k ik;kHkwr

lqfo/kk

miy

C/k vkgsr

dk\

५- vko';

d v

lyssyh

;a= l

keqxzh pky

w fLFkrhr

vkgs d

k\

६- Lo

PNrsp

h dkG

th

?ksry

h tkr v

kgs

dk\

१- ekfgrh feG

o.;kpk

uequk r

;kj d

:u-

२- ekfgrhps i

`Fkdj.k

dj.;kl

kBh fofgr

uequk fod

flr

d:u-

३- lferh l

nL;kauk

fofo/k

laLFkkau

k HksV

h ns.

;kl

usequ

-४- xzkeip

k;r

lnL

;kauh laLFkkau

k HksV

h nso

wu-५- dk;ZdR;

kZauh

xzkelHkse

/;s

lknjhdj.k d:u

६- fo'ks"k

xzkelHksp

s vk;skt

u d:u

१- ekfgrhps i

`FkDd

j.k

२- leL

;k vksG

[k.ks-

३-

WC

D d

Ms t

kx`rh

vfHk;kukph ekx.kh

d:u

¼mnk-

iks"k.

kkph leL

;k½

४- eqy

६ e

fgU;

kps

gksrkp R;kps u

ko

f'k/kkif=dsr

uksano

.ks-

५- dqVwac

o mnj

fuokZgkP;

k ;kst

ukae/;s n

qok

fuekZ.k d

j.ks

ekrk x

V

vkf.

k

ckyiap

k;r

iks"k.

k lferh

xzkelsod

tx.;

kpk o

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d

१- fnO;kax e

qy o

R;

kaP;k viax

Rokps

१- fu;ehr

f'kchj

¼viax

Rokpk nk[kyk

xkokrhy

cky

१ २

३९

Lo:i

२- R;

kaps u

ko o

viax

Rokph rhozr

k

ns.;kl

kBh½

vk;kst

hr

dj.;kph oS|

dh;

foHkkxkd

Ms e

kx.kh

dj.;kl

kBh-

२- fofo/k

;kst

uka'kh

fnO;kax e

qykauk

tksM.;

klkBh-

३- fnO;kaxkauk okij

.;kl

;ksX; l

k/kukapk

fodkl

vfHk;aR;

kaP;k

enrhus

dj.;kl

kBh-

४- lekt d

Y;k.k

foHkkxkd

Ms e

qykaP;k

ekufld v

ktkj

rlsp v

kWfVLV

hd e

qy

o Li

kLVhd e

qykl

kBh

izf'k{k.k e

kx.kh d:u

laj{k.k

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

ckylqj{kk

lferh-

xzkelsod

fodkl

kpk

gDd

१- lqjf{kr

ØhMkax.kkap

h la[;

k-२- ØhMk lkfg

R;kph

la[;

k-३- okpuky;kap

h la[;

k-४- okpuky;kaP;k osG

k

ojhy

izek.ks

१- ckylHkk o

cky

iap

k;rhP;

k cSB

dkae/;

s lgHkkx

h gksÅu

eqykaP;k

okpuklkBh o

NanklkBh fo'ks"k

vkjk[kMk r;

kj

dj.ks-

xkokrhy

cky

laj{k.k

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

ckylqj{kk

lferh]

f'k{k.k

lferh

३

००४०

xzkelsod

fodkl

kpk

gDd

१- dqVwac

%v½ ?kj ul

ysyh-

c½ i

;kZ;h

mnj

fuokZgkph xjt

vlysyh

d½ ikGho i

zk.;kaoj

voy

acwu u

lysys-

M½ Hkwfeg

hub½ t

kWcdkMZ u

lysys

१- dqVwackauk

mnj

fuokZgkP;

k ;kst

uka'kh tksM.kh-

२- dqVwackauk f'k/kk

okVi

dsanzkrwu

laiq.

kZ lqfo/kk

feGowu

ns.ks-

f'k/kkokVik

lkBh

n{krk

lferh-

vkjksX;

lsfodk o

vk'kk

tx.;

kpk

o laj{k.kkp

k gD

d

१- ylhd

j.k iq.

kZ u

>ky

syh eqy

s-२- ckye`R;w >

kysyh

eqys o

R;kap

s fyax-

३- xHkZi

krkph la[;

k-

४- e`R;w >

kysY;

k ekrkaph la[;

k-५- vkt

kjh eqy

kaph

la[;

k-

१- feGky

syh ekfgrh

brjkauk

lakx.;

klkBh

xzkelHksp

s vk;kst

u vf/kd e

kfgrh

feGo.

ks] vkjksX;

vf/kdkÚ;

ka'kh

eqG

dkj.kkafo

"k;h o

mik; ;

kstukafo"k;

h ppkZ dj.ks-

२- eqG

dkj.kkafo

"k;h

mik; ;

kst.ks-

fu;kst

u dj.ks-

xkokrhy

vkjksX; o

Lo

PNrk

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

vkjksX; o

Lo

PNrk

lferh-

'kkG

k o

xzkeiap

k;r

laj{k.kkp

k vf/kdkj o

fodkl

kpk

vf/kdkj

१- iV

koj vl.kkÚ;

k eqy

kaph la[;

k२- 'kkG

se/;s d

eh

gtsjh v

lysY;

k

ojhy

izek.ks

१- ckylHkk]

ckyiap

k;r

f'k{k.k

lferhP;

k dkekr

lgHkkx

h gks.ks o

'kkG

k O;oL

Fkkiu

lferh

vkf.

k

४ ५ ६

००४१

Lo:i

२- R;

kaps u

ko o

viax

Rokph rhozr

k

ns.;kl

kBh½

vk;kst

hr

dj.;kph oS|

dh;

foHkkxkd

Ms e

kx.kh

dj.;kl

kBh-

२- fofo/k

;kst

uka'kh

fnO;kax e

qykauk

tksM.;

klkBh-

३- fnO;kaxkauk okij

.;kl

;ksX; l

k/kukapk

fodkl

vfHk;aR;

kaP;k

enrhus

dj.;kl

kBh-

४- lekt d

Y;k.k

foHkkxkd

Ms e

qykaP;k

ekufld v

ktkj

rlsp v

kWfVLV

hd e

qy

o Li

kLVhd e

qykl

kBh

izf'k{k.k e

kx.kh d:u

laj{k.k

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

ckylqj{kk

lferh-

xzkelsod

fodkl

kpk

gDd

१- lqjf{kr

ØhMkax.kkap

h la[;

k-२- ØhMk lkfg

R;kph

la[;

k-३- okpuky;kap

h la[;

k-४- okpuky;kaP;k osG

k

ojhy

izek.ks

१- ckylHkk o

cky

iap

k;rhP;

k cSB

dkae/;

s lgHkkx

h gksÅu

eqykaP;k

okpuklkBh o

NanklkBh fo'ks"k

vkjk[kMk r;

kj

dj.ks-

xkokrhy

cky

laj{k.k

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

ckylqj{kk

lferh]

f'k{k.k

lferh

३

००४०

xzkelsod

fodkl

kpk

gDd

१- dqVwac

%v½ ?kj ul

ysyh-

c½ i

;kZ;h

mnj

fuokZgkph xjt

vlysyh

d½ ikGho i

zk.;kaoj

voy

acwu u

lysys-

M½ Hkwfeg

hub½ t

kWcdkMZ u

lysys

१- dqVwackauk

mnj

fuokZgkP;

k ;kst

uka'kh tksM.kh-

२- dqVwackauk f'k/kk

okVi

dsanzkrwu

laiq.

kZ lqfo/kk

feGowu

ns.ks-

f'k/kkokVik

lkBh

n{krk

lferh-

vkjksX;

lsfodk o

vk'kk

tx.;

kpk

o laj{k.kkp

k gD

d

१- ylhd

j.k iq.

kZ u

>ky

syh eqy

s-२- ckye`R;w >

kysyh

eqys o

R;kap

s fyax-

३- xHkZi

krkph la[;

k-

४- e`R;w >

kysY;

k ekrkaph la[;

k-५- vkt

kjh eqy

kaph

la[;

k-

१- feGky

syh ekfgrh

brjkauk

lakx.;

klkBh

xzkelHksp

s vk;kst

u vf/kd e

kfgrh

feGo.

ks] vkjksX;

vf/kdkÚ;

ka'kh

eqG

dkj.kkafo

"k;h o

mik; ;

kstukafo"k;

h ppkZ dj.ks-

२- eqG

dkj.kkafo

"k;h

mik; ;

kst.ks-

fu;kst

u dj.ks-

xkokrhy

vkjksX; o

Lo

PNrk

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

vkjksX; o

Lo

PNrk

lferh-

'kkG

k o

xzkeiap

k;r

laj{k.kkp

k vf/kdkj o

fodkl

kpk

vf/kdkj

१- iV

koj vl.kkÚ;

k eqy

kaph la[;

k२- 'kkG

se/;s d

eh

gtsjh v

lysY;

k

ojhy

izek.ks

१- ckylHkk]

ckyiap

k;r

f'k{k.k

lferhP;

k dkekr

lgHkkx

h gks.ks o

'kkG

k O;oL

Fkkiu

lferh

vkf.

k

४ ५ ६

००४१

eqykap

h la[;

k-३- 'kkG

srhy fnO;kax

eqys fu;

ehr

gtj

vlrkr

fdaok u

kgh

;kfo

"k;h ekfgrh

feGo.

ks-४- 'kkG

srhy f'k{kdkap

h la[;

k५- ox

Z[kksY;kap

h la[;

k

६- eqy

kaps l

gkekgh

izxrh i

qLrd

७- 'kkG

sph be

kjr

eqykal

kBh lqj{khr

vkgs d

k\८- 'kkG

sr fnY;

k tk.kkÚ;k

Hkkstuklaca/kh

ntkZ o

LoPN

rk- ;kap

s ?kky

wu fnysys fu;

e dkVsdksji.

ks ikGys

tkrkr d

k\९- 'kkG

srhy l

oZlk/kkj.k

LoPN

rk fo'

ks"kr%

'kkSp

ky;kap

h Lo

PNrk-

eqykaP;k xSjg

tj

jkg.

;kph o

brj

leL

;kap

h dkj.ks

'kks/k.ks-

२- eqy

kauk ns.

;kr

;s.kkÚ;

k 'kS{k.khd

lqfo/kkapk nt

kZ lq/kkj.;kl

kBh

ftYg

k iz'

kklukdMs

ekx.kh dj.ks-

ckyiap

k;r

lferh

¼f'k{k.k]

vkjksX; o

Lo

PNrk½

iksyhl

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d१- dk;|kP;k dpkV~;kr

lkiMysY;

k eqy

kaph

la[;

k-

iksyhl

pkSd

hyk HksV

ns.

ks] rl

sp i

ksyhl

deZp

kÚ;kauk

१- 'kkG

sP;k

f'k{kd

kacjkscj

ppkZ

xko

raVkeqDr

h

७

००४२

२- dkjkx`gkr

¼tsy

e/;s½ vl.kkÚ;

k eqy

kaph la[;

k-३- ckydY;

k.k lferh

rlsp c

kyxqUgsxkj

U;k; v

k;ksx ¼

JJB½

;kaP;k leksj gt

j dsysY;

k eqy

kaph

la[;

kv½ v'kk eqy

kaP;k

ikydkauk ekfgrh

fnyh vkgs d

k\c½ c

kydY;

k.k

lferhps l

nL;

dks.k vkgsr\

d½ ckyxqUgsxkj U;k;

vk;ksxkps l

nL;

dks.k vkgsr\

xzkelHkse

/;s l

gHkkx

h gks.;

kph fouar

h dj.ks

d:u

dk;|kP;k

dpkV~;kr l

kiMw

'kd.kkÚ;

k laHkkO;

eqykap

h ekfgrh ?ks.ks-

२- ft

Ygk

iz'kkl

ukdMwu

vuqH

koh

leqi

ns'kd

kaph

ekx.kh djkoh o

v'kk eqy

kalkBh

leqi

ns'kukl

kBhph

osG fuf'p

r djkoh-

३- ;k leL

;sfo"k;

h ckylHkse

/;s e

kfgrh

|koh o

ppkZ

?kMowu

vk.kko

h-

lferh-

ckygD

d

lferh

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d१- cky l

qj{kk

lferhP;

k lnL

;kap

h ukos

o ,d

q.k l

a[;k-

२- cky l

qj{kk

lferhP;

k lnL

;kauk

vko';

d r

s izf'k{k.k

ns.;kr v

kys v

kgs

dk\

३- cky l

qj{kk

१- cky l

aj{k.k

lferhP;

k lnL

;kauk fu;ehr

HksV.ks-

२- R;

kauk xzkelHksl

kBh

fueaf=r

dj.ks-

१- cky l

aj{k.k

lferhP;

k lnL

;kap

h ukos

o laid

kZlkBh

Øekadkph ¼eksckbZy

uacj½ e

kfgrh

BGdi.

ks xkokr

eksD;

kP;k fBdk.kh

ykokoh-

२- xzkelHkk l

nL;kauk

ckylaj{k.k

lferh

rlsp

ckyiap

k;r

ckylaj{k.k

lferh-

८

००४३

eqykap

h la[;

k-३- 'kkG

srhy fnO;kax

eqys fu;

ehr

gtj

vlrkr

fdaok u

kgh

;kfo

"k;h ekfgrh

feGo.

ks-४- 'kkG

srhy f'k{kdkap

h la[;

k५- ox

Z[kksY;kap

h la[;

k

६- eqy

kaps l

gkekgh

izxrh i

qLrd

७- 'kkG

sph be

kjr

eqykal

kBh lqj{khr

vkgs d

k\८- 'kkG

sr fnY;

k tk.kkÚ;k

Hkkstuklaca/kh

ntkZ o

LoPN

rk- ;kap

s ?kky

wu fnysys fu;

e dkVsdksji.

ks ikGys

tkrkr d

k\९- 'kkG

srhy l

oZlk/kkj.k

LoPN

rk fo'

ks"kr%

'kkSp

ky;kap

h Lo

PNrk-

eqykaP;k xSjg

tj

jkg.

;kph o

brj

leL

;kap

h dkj.ks

'kks/k.ks-

२- eqy

kauk ns.

;kr

;s.kkÚ;

k 'kS{k.khd

lqfo/kkapk nt

kZ lq/kkj.;kl

kBh

ftYg

k iz'

kklukdMs

ekx.kh dj.ks-

ckyiap

k;r

lferh

¼f'k{k.k]

vkjksX; o

Lo

PNrk½

iksyhl

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d१- dk;|kP;k dpkV~;kr

lkiMysY;

k eqy

kaph

la[;

k-

iksyhl

pkSd

hyk HksV

ns.

ks] rl

sp i

ksyhl

deZp

kÚ;kauk

१- 'kkG

sP;k

f'k{kd

kacjkscj

ppkZ

xko

raVkeqDr

h

७

००४२

२- dkjkx`gkr

¼tsy

e/;s½ vl.kkÚ;

k eqy

kaph la[;

k-३- ckydY;

k.k lferh

rlsp c

kyxqUgsxkj

U;k; v

k;ksx ¼

JJB½

;kaP;k leksj gt

j dsysY;

k eqy

kaph

la[;

kv½ v'kk eqy

kaP;k

ikydkauk ekfgrh

fnyh vkgs d

k\c½ c

kydY;

k.k

lferhps l

nL;

dks.k vkgsr\

d½ ckyxqUgsxkj U;k;

vk;ksxkps l

nL;

dks.k vkgsr\

xzkelHkse

/;s l

gHkkx

h gks.;

kph fouar

h dj.ks

d:u

dk;|kP;k

dpkV~;kr l

kiMw

'kd.kkÚ;

k laHkkO;

eqykap

h ekfgrh ?ks.ks-

२- ft

Ygk

iz'kkl

ukdMwu

vuqH

koh

leqi

ns'kd

kaph

ekx.kh djkoh o

v'kk eqy

kalkBh

leqi

ns'kukl

kBhph

osG fuf'p

r djkoh-

३- ;k leL

;sfo"k;

h ckylHkse

/;s e

kfgrh

|koh o

ppkZ

?kMowu

vk.kko

h-

lferh-

ckygD

d

lferh

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d१- cky l

qj{kk

lferhP;

k lnL

;kap

h ukos

o ,d

q.k l

a[;k-

२- cky l

qj{kk

lferhP;

k lnL

;kauk

vko';

d r

s izf'k{k.k

ns.;kr v

kys v

kgs

dk\

३- cky l

qj{kk

१- cky l

aj{k.k

lferhP;

k lnL

;kauk fu;ehr

HksV.ks-

२- R;

kauk xzkelHksl

kBh

fueaf=r

dj.ks-

१- cky l

aj{k.k

lferhP;

k lnL

;kap

h ukos

o laid

kZlkBh

Øekadkph ¼eksckbZy

uacj½ e

kfgrh

BGdi.

ks xkokr

eksD;

kP;k fBdk.kh

ykokoh-

२- xzkelHkk l

nL;kauk

ckylaj{k.k

lferh

rlsp

ckyiap

k;r

ckylaj{k.k

lferh-

८

००४३

lferhdMs

uksano

Y;k xsysY;

k rØ

kjhap

h la[;

k-४- lferhus

;k lanH

kkZr

dsysY;

k dkjokbZp

s Lo

:i-

;k lferhP;

k lnL

;kap

k ij

hp;

d:u

|kok-

३- lferhyk R;

kaps

dke O;ofLFkri.

ks djr

k ;sbZy

;kl

kBh iqj

s'kh tkxk

o ik;kHkwr

lqfo/kk

iqjokO;kr-

vkjksX; d

sanzfodkl

kpk

vf/kdkj

१- xkokr o

kjaokj

gks.kkÚ;

k vkt

kjkap

s Lo

:i

२- xzkeiap

k;r

dkG

th

?ksÅ 'kd

rs v'kk

vkt

kjkap

h dkj.ks-

१- oS|

dh;

vf/kdkÚ;

kauk

fu;ehr

HksV.ks-

२- oS|

dh;

vf/kdkÚ;

kauk

xzkelHkse

/;s

fuea=

hr d

j.ks-

१- xkokpk ij

hlj

LoPN

o v

kjksX;iq.

kZ jkghy ;

kps

fu;kst

u djkos-

२- vkjksX; f'kfcjkaps

vk;kst

u djkos-

३- vkjksX; d

eZpkÚ;

kauk

;kfo

"k;h ekxZn'

kZu

dj.;kl

lkaxkos

xko

vkjksX;

LoPN

rk o

iks"kd

vkgkj

lferh

Ñf"k

lgk¸;

dfodkl

kpk

vf/kdkj

१- xkokrhy

iks"kd

vkgkj i

qjo.kkÚ;

k laLFkkap

h la[;

k] ij

lckxk ¼Hkwfe

ghu

dqVwackalkBh o

dqiks"khr

eqykaP;k

dqVwackalkBh½

२- 'ksrh

mRiknu@

?ksry

h

१- Ñ"kh v

f/kdkjh]

QyksRi

knu

vf/kdkjh]

i'kql

ao/kZu foHkkx

;kauk fu;ehri

.ks

HksV.ks-

२- R;

kauk xzkelHksl

kBh

fuea=

hr d

j.ks-

tSofofo/krk

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

iks"kd

vkgkj

lferh-

१- xjhc

dqaVwackaph

tksM.kh 'kkl

ukP;

k Ñ"kh] QyksRi

knu]

i'kql

ao/kZukP;k

fofo/k

;kst

uka'kh o

izdYi

ka'kh

d:u

ns.ks-

ts.ks d

:u

R;kauk vUu l

qj{ksp

s ykHk feG

rhy-

९ १०

४४

tk.kkj

h fids

¼i'kq/ku

½ ;kaP;k

vkjksX;k fo"k;

hP;k

;kst

uk] xkokrhy

xjhc

dqVwackauk

R;kaP;k eqy

kaP;k

laxksiuklkBh dsysys

dk;Z-

२- i'

kqaP;k iks"kd

pkÚ;

kph O;oL

Fkk-

ty

lqj{kk

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d१- ik.kh iqj

oB~;kP;k

i/nr

hP;k nt

kZph

rikl

.kh dj.ks-

२- Lo

PN o

lqj{khr

fi.;

kP;k ik.;

kps

fu;kst

u dj.ks-

१- lkoZtfud v

kjksX;

f'k{k.k foHkkxkps

deZp

kjh

१- ik.kh iqj

oBk

dj.kkÚ;k loZ

;a=.kkaekQ

Zr lqj{khr

o

LoPN

ik.kh

iqjoy

s tkr v

lY;

kph

[kk=h d:u

?ks.ks-

२- ik.;

kP;k L=

ksrkap

s izn

q"k.kki

klwu

laj{k.k

dj.ks-

११

४५

lferhdMs

uksano

Y;k xsysY;

k rØ

kjhap

h la[;

k-४- lferhus

;k lanH

kkZr

dsysY;

k dkjokbZp

s Lo

:i-

;k lferhP;

k lnL

;kap

k ij

hp;

d:u

|kok-

३- lferhyk R;

kaps

dke O;ofLFkri.

ks djr

k ;sbZy

;kl

kBh iqj

s'kh tkxk

o ik;kHkwr

lqfo/kk

iqjokO;kr-

vkjksX; d

sanzfodkl

kpk

vf/kdkj

१- xkokr o

kjaokj

gks.kkÚ;

k vkt

kjkap

s Lo

:i

२- xzkeiap

k;r

dkG

th

?ksÅ 'kd

rs v'kk

vkt

kjkap

h dkj.ks-

१- oS|

dh;

vf/kdkÚ;

kauk

fu;ehr

HksV.ks-

२- oS|

dh;

vf/kdkÚ;

kauk

xzkelHkse

/;s

fuea=

hr d

j.ks-

१- xkokpk ij

hlj

LoPN

o v

kjksX;iq.

kZ jkghy ;

kps

fu;kst

u djkos-

२- vkjksX; f'kfcjkaps

vk;kst

u djkos-

३- vkjksX; d

eZpkÚ;

kauk

;kfo

"k;h ekxZn'

kZu

dj.;kl

lkaxkos

xko

vkjksX;

LoPN

rk o

iks"kd

vkgkj

lferh

Ñf"k

lgk¸;

dfodkl

kpk

vf/kdkj

१- xkokrhy

iks"kd

vkgkj i

qjo.kkÚ;

k laLFkkap

h la[;

k] ij

lckxk ¼Hkwfe

ghu

dqVwackalkBh o

dqiks"khr

eqykaP;k

dqVwackalkBh½

२- 'ksrh

mRiknu@

?ksry

h

१- Ñ"kh v

f/kdkjh]

QyksRi

knu

vf/kdkjh]

i'kql

ao/kZu foHkkx

;kauk fu;ehri

.ks

HksV.ks-

२- R;

kauk xzkelHksl

kBh

fuea=

hr d

j.ks-

tSofofo/krk

lferh o

ckyiap

k;r

iks"kd

vkgkj

lferh-

१- xjhc

dqaVwackaph

tksM.kh 'kkl

ukP;

k Ñ"kh] QyksRi

knu]

i'kql

ao/kZukP;k

fofo/k

;kst

uka'kh o

izdYi

ka'kh

d:u

ns.ks-

ts.ks d

:u

R;kauk vUu l

qj{ksp

s ykHk feG

rhy-

९ १०

४४

tk.kkj

h fids

¼i'kq/ku

½ ;kaP;k

vkjksX;k fo"k;

hP;k

;kst

uk] xkokrhy

xjhc

dqVwackauk

R;kaP;k eqy

kaP;k

laxksiuklkBh dsysys

dk;Z-

२- i'

kqaP;k iks"kd

pkÚ;

kph O;oL

Fkk-

ty

lqj{kk

laj{k.kkp

k gD

d१- ik.kh iqj

oB~;kP;k

i/nr

hP;k nt

kZph

rikl

.kh dj.ks-

२- Lo

PN o

lqj{khr

fi.;

kP;k ik.;

kps

fu;kst

u dj.ks-

१- lkoZtfud v

kjksX;

f'k{k.k foHkkxkps

deZp

kjh

१- ik.kh iqj

oBk

dj.kkÚ;k loZ

;a=.kkaekQ

Zr lqj{khr

o

LoPN

ik.kh

iqjoy

s tkr v

lY;

kph

[kk=h d:u

?ks.ks-

२- ik.;

kP;k L=

ksrkap

s izn

q"k.kki

klwu

laj{k.k

dj.ks-

११

४५

Hkkjr ljdkjpk iz'kkldh; lq/kkj.kk o lkoZtfud rØkj fuokj.k foHkkx vkgs-

rØkj fuokj.kkph izfØ;k gk Hkkjrh; iz'kklukP;k ;a=.kspk egRokpk ?kVd vkgs- dqByhgh iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk gh tckcnkj] izfrlknkRed o yksdLusgh gksÅ 'kdr ukgh] tksi;Zar R;k ;a=.ksph rØkj fuokj.kkph ifj.kkedkjd iz.kkyh fodflr gksr ukgh- [kja Eg.kts] rØkj fuokj.kklkBh vaxhdkjysY;k i/nrhaoj iz'kklukph dk;Z{kerk o ifj.kkedkjdrk voyacwu vlrs- dsysY;k dkekalaca/khpk vfHkizk; ns.kkjh gh ;a=.kk vkgs- ladsrLFkG (Portal) % dsanzh; lkoZtfud rØkj fuokj.k o lafu;a=.k iz.kkyh- (CPGRAMS)

rØkj fuokj.kkP;k ;a=.kseqGs ukxjhdkauk ntsZnkj lsok ns.ks 'kD; gksrs- xkokrhy ukxjhdkauk rlsp eqykauk ns[khy R;kaP;k rØkjh FksV mPpinLFk 'kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kadMs dj.;kph lqfo/kk vlkoh- xzkelHkse/;s xzkeiapk;r ;k fo"k;hph ekfgrh lknj d: 'kdrs- ckylHksrhy eqykaP;k rØkjhaph n[kylq/nk xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh- ;kdjhrk xzkeiapk;rhus [kkyh fnysY;k rjrqnh djk;yk gO;kr-

n rØkj uksan.kh ogh-

n rØkj@lwpuk isVh-

n enrhlkBh nwj/ouh Øekad-

v- Ø

rØkj/kkjdkps uko o iRrk

rØkj rØkjhph rkjh[k

rØkj uksanowu ?ks.kkjk vf/kdkjh

rØkj /kkjdkph Lok{kjh

१५ fnolk uarjph fLFkrh

fVIi.kh ljiapkph lgh

xzkeiapk;r __________rkyqdk __________ftYgk ____________ rØkj Øekad ________

ys[kh rØkj __________________________ dMwu ________________ rkj[ksyk feGkyh-

iRrk _____________________________________________________________

rØkjhps FkksMD;kr Lo:i ________________________________________

lgh

४६

O;kid n`"Vhdksukrwu ckygDd gs eqykaps vfLrRo] fodkl] laj{k.k vkf.k lgHkkx ;koj vk/kkjhr vlrkr- dk;Z{ke xzkeiapk;r ;kiSdh dks.kR;kgh eq|ka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k dk;|kps mYya?ku gks.kkj ukgh ;kph dkVsdksji.ks dkGth ?ksrs- ckyLusgh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk v'kk ifj.kkedkjd ;a=.kspk vaxhdkj djrs] ts.ksd:u eqys rlsp lektkrhy izkS< ,df=ri.ks ,dk leku /;s;klkBh dke d: 'kdrkr- vls dsY;kus] fodklkph izfØ;k vFkZiq.kZ o lek/kkuh gksrs- ckyLusgh

iapk;rhe/;s izkS< eqykaP;k fopkjkapk o erkapk vknj d:u fodklkP;k izfØ;s'kh fuxMhr vl.kkÚ;k ;kstukaP;k vk[k.khe/;s rlsp vaeyctko.khe/;s eqykauk lkekowu ?ksrkuk fnlrkr- vktph eqys gs m|kps ukxjhd vkgsr Eg.kwup ygku o;kr R;kauk LFkkfud LojkT; laLFksP;k dkedktkr lgHkkxh dsys xsys rj R;kaP;krhy usr`Ro xq.k o {kerkapk fodkl gksÅu rs Hkfo";kr xkokP;k fodklkps vk/kkjLraHk gksÅ 'kdrkr-

४७

Hkkjr ljdkjpk iz'kkldh; lq/kkj.kk o lkoZtfud rØkj fuokj.k foHkkx vkgs-

rØkj fuokj.kkph izfØ;k gk Hkkjrh; iz'kklukP;k ;a=.kspk egRokpk ?kVd vkgs- dqByhgh iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk gh tckcnkj] izfrlknkRed o yksdLusgh gksÅ 'kdr ukgh] tksi;Zar R;k ;a=.ksph rØkj fuokj.kkph ifj.kkedkjd iz.kkyh fodflr gksr ukgh- [kja Eg.kts] rØkj fuokj.kklkBh vaxhdkjysY;k i/nrhaoj iz'kklukph dk;Z{kerk o ifj.kkedkjdrk voyacwu vlrs- dsysY;k dkekalaca/khpk vfHkizk; ns.kkjh gh ;a=.kk vkgs- ladsrLFkG (Portal) % dsanzh; lkoZtfud rØkj fuokj.k o lafu;a=.k iz.kkyh- (CPGRAMS)

rØkj fuokj.kkP;k ;a=.kseqGs ukxjhdkauk ntsZnkj lsok ns.ks 'kD; gksrs- xkokrhy ukxjhdkauk rlsp eqykauk ns[khy R;kaP;k rØkjh FksV mPpinLFk 'kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kadMs dj.;kph lqfo/kk vlkoh- xzkelHkse/;s xzkeiapk;r ;k fo"k;hph ekfgrh lknj d: 'kdrs- ckylHksrhy eqykaP;k rØkjhaph n[kylq/nk xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;yk goh- ;kdjhrk xzkeiapk;rhus [kkyh fnysY;k rjrqnh djk;yk gO;kr-

n rØkj uksan.kh ogh-

n rØkj@lwpuk isVh-

n enrhlkBh nwj/ouh Øekad-

v- Ø

rØkj/kkjdkps uko o iRrk

rØkj rØkjhph rkjh[k

rØkj uksanowu ?ks.kkjk vf/kdkjh

rØkj /kkjdkph Lok{kjh

१५ fnolk uarjph fLFkrh

fVIi.kh ljiapkph lgh

xzkeiapk;r __________rkyqdk __________ftYgk ____________ rØkj Øekad ________

ys[kh rØkj __________________________ dMwu ________________ rkj[ksyk feGkyh-

iRrk _____________________________________________________________

rØkjhps FkksMD;kr Lo:i ________________________________________

lgh

४६

O;kid n`"Vhdksukrwu ckygDd gs eqykaps vfLrRo] fodkl] laj{k.k vkf.k lgHkkx ;koj vk/kkjhr vlrkr- dk;Z{ke xzkeiapk;r ;kiSdh dks.kR;kgh eq|ka'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k dk;|kps mYya?ku gks.kkj ukgh ;kph dkVsdksji.ks dkGth ?ksrs- ckyLusgh LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk v'kk ifj.kkedkjd ;a=.kspk vaxhdkj djrs] ts.ksd:u eqys rlsp lektkrhy izkS< ,df=ri.ks ,dk leku /;s;klkBh dke d: 'kdrkr- vls dsY;kus] fodklkph izfØ;k vFkZiq.kZ o lek/kkuh gksrs- ckyLusgh

iapk;rhe/;s izkS< eqykaP;k fopkjkapk o erkapk vknj d:u fodklkP;k izfØ;s'kh fuxMhr vl.kkÚ;k ;kstukaP;k vk[k.khe/;s rlsp vaeyctko.khe/;s eqykauk lkekowu ?ksrkuk fnlrkr- vktph eqys gs m|kps ukxjhd vkgsr Eg.kwup ygku o;kr R;kauk LFkkfud LojkT; laLFksP;k dkedktkr lgHkkxh dsys xsys rj R;kaP;krhy usr`Ro xq.k o {kerkapk fodkl gksÅu rs Hkfo";kr xkokP;k fodklkps vk/kkjLraHk gksÅ 'kdrkr-

४७

१८ o"kZ o;k[kkyhy loZ eqykauk vf/kos'kukizek.ks vf/kdkj vkgsr

loZ tkrh] /keZ] vkfFkZd o lkekftd Lrjkarhy

dqVwackauk ;k vf/kos'kukrhy Bjko ykxw gksrkr-

eqyka'kh laca/khr loZ laLFkkauh eqykaps dY;k.k

gksbZy v'kk i/nrhus dk;Z djkos-

'kklukus eqykauk R;kaps gDd feGowu |k;yk gosr-

'kklukus dqVwackph tckcnkjh o eqykaP;k tM.k&?kM.kh

ps vf/kdkj tksiklk;yk gosr] ts.ks d:u eqykauk R;kaps gDd ;ksX;i.ks okijrk ;srhy-

loZ eqykauk tx.;kpk gDd vkgs- loZ eqya txrhy o

R;kapk fodkl vkjksX;nk;h okrkoj.kkr gksbZy ;kph dkGth 'kklukus ?;k;yk goh-

loZ eqykauk R;kaps uko o jk"Vªh;Ro uksano.;kpk dk;ns'khj gDd vkgs-

rlsp loZ eqykauk R;kaP;k vkbZ&oMhykaph ekfgrh vl.;kpk rlsp 'kD; vlY;kl R;kaP;kdMwu laxksiu djowu ?ks.;kpk dk;ns'khj vf/kdkj vkgs-

'kklukus eqykaP;k uko] jk"Vªh;Ro o dqVwacka'kh vlysyk

R;kaP;k laca/kkpk vknj djk;yk gok-

ikydkaiklwu eqykauk rlsp dkj.k vlY;k[ksjht osxGs dj.;kr ;sÅ

u;s- ¼mnk- ikydkadMwu R;kaP;koj vR;kpkj gksr vkgsr fdaok R;kaP;k ftokyk /kksdk vkgs½ rlsp foHkDr >kysY;k ikydkauk eqykauk HksV.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs ¼tj eqykaP;k ftokyk /kksdk ulsy rjp½-

४८

०१ ०२ ०३

०४ ०५ ०६

०७ ०८ ०९

UNCRC-

ijns'kkr jkg.kkÚ;k dqVwackauk ;k nksUgh ns'kkr jkg.;kpk

vf/kdkj vkgs- ts.ksd:u eqya o R;kaps ikyd ,desdkaP;k laidkZr jkgw 'kdrhy o dqVwac Eg.kwu ,d= ;sÅ 'kdrhy-

eqykauk csdk;ns'khjfjrhus ns'kkckgsj usrk u ;s.;klkBh

'kklukus ;ksX; rh ikoys mpykohr-

eqykauk R;kaP;kfo"k;h izkS<kauh ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kaoj Lor%ps er

O;Dr dj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- rlsp ;k izfØ;sr R;kaps er fopkjkr ?ksrys tkos vlk vkxzg dj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs-

eqykauk ekfgrhpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ijarw lnj ekfgrh R;kaP;k

o brjkaP;k fgrkyk /kksdk iksgpfo.kkjh ulkoh-

eqykauk R;kaP;k Lor%P;k vkoMhuqlkj dqBY;kgh /kekZps ikyu dj.ks o

/keZ fLodkj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ijarw vls djrkuk brjkaP;k ;kp gDdkapk R;kauh vknj djk;yk gok- ikydkauh ;k lanHkkZr eqykauk ekxZn'kZu djkos-

eqykauk la?kVhr gks.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- vls djrkuk

ek= brjkaP;k ;kp gDdkyk /kksdk iksgprk dkek u;s-

eqykauk R;kaP;k [kktxh xks"Vh tksikl.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs-

dk;|kus R;kaP;k ukokoj] dqVwackoj o ?kjkaoj gks.kkÚ;k gY;kaiklwu R;kaps lja{k.k djkos-

eqykauk fV-Ogh-] jsfMvks rlsp brj izlkj ek/;ekaP;ke/kwu ekfgrh

feGo.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- fg ekfgrh R;kauk letsy v'kk Lo:ikr R;kauk ns.;kr ;k;yk goh- rlsp eqykalkBh ?kkrd vlysY;k ekfgrhiklwu R;kaps laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

eqykaP;k laxksiukph tckcnkjh nksUgh ikydkaph vlrs-

ikydkauh eqykaP;k fgrkyk izFke izk/kkU; |k;yk gos- ikydkauk eqykaps laxksiu ;ksX;fjrhus djrk ;kos ;klkBh 'kklukus R;kauk enr djkoh] fo'ks"kr% nksUgh ikyd ukSdjh djr vlY;kl-

४९

१० ११ १२

१३ १४ १५

१६ १८

१८ o"kZ o;k[kkyhy loZ eqykauk vf/kos'kukizek.ks vf/kdkj vkgsr

loZ tkrh] /keZ] vkfFkZd o lkekftd Lrjkarhy

dqVwackauk ;k vf/kos'kukrhy Bjko ykxw gksrkr-

eqyka'kh laca/khr loZ laLFkkauh eqykaps dY;k.k

gksbZy v'kk i/nrhus dk;Z djkos-

'kklukus eqykauk R;kaps gDd feGowu |k;yk gosr-

'kklukus dqVwackph tckcnkjh o eqykaP;k tM.k&?kM.kh

ps vf/kdkj tksiklk;yk gosr] ts.ks d:u eqykauk R;kaps gDd ;ksX;i.ks okijrk ;srhy-

loZ eqykauk tx.;kpk gDd vkgs- loZ eqya txrhy o

R;kapk fodkl vkjksX;nk;h okrkoj.kkr gksbZy ;kph dkGth 'kklukus ?;k;yk goh-

loZ eqykauk R;kaps uko o jk"Vªh;Ro uksano.;kpk dk;ns'khj gDd vkgs-

rlsp loZ eqykauk R;kaP;k vkbZ&oMhykaph ekfgrh vl.;kpk rlsp 'kD; vlY;kl R;kaP;kdMwu laxksiu djowu ?ks.;kpk dk;ns'khj vf/kdkj vkgs-

'kklukus eqykaP;k uko] jk"Vªh;Ro o dqVwacka'kh vlysyk

R;kaP;k laca/kkpk vknj djk;yk gok-

ikydkaiklwu eqykauk rlsp dkj.k vlY;k[ksjht osxGs dj.;kr ;sÅ

u;s- ¼mnk- ikydkadMwu R;kaP;koj vR;kpkj gksr vkgsr fdaok R;kaP;k ftokyk /kksdk vkgs½ rlsp foHkDr >kysY;k ikydkauk eqykauk HksV.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs ¼tj eqykaP;k ftokyk /kksdk ulsy rjp½-

४८

०१ ०२ ०३

०४ ०५ ०६

०७ ०८ ०९

UNCRC-

ijns'kkr jkg.kkÚ;k dqVwackauk ;k nksUgh ns'kkr jkg.;kpk

vf/kdkj vkgs- ts.ksd:u eqya o R;kaps ikyd ,desdkaP;k laidkZr jkgw 'kdrhy o dqVwac Eg.kwu ,d= ;sÅ 'kdrhy-

eqykauk csdk;ns'khjfjrhus ns'kkckgsj usrk u ;s.;klkBh

'kklukus ;ksX; rh ikoys mpykohr-

eqykauk R;kaP;kfo"k;h izkS<kauh ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kaoj Lor%ps er

O;Dr dj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- rlsp ;k izfØ;sr R;kaps er fopkjkr ?ksrys tkos vlk vkxzg dj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs-

eqykauk ekfgrhpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ijarw lnj ekfgrh R;kaP;k

o brjkaP;k fgrkyk /kksdk iksgpfo.kkjh ulkoh-

eqykauk R;kaP;k Lor%P;k vkoMhuqlkj dqBY;kgh /kekZps ikyu dj.ks o

/keZ fLodkj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ijarw vls djrkuk brjkaP;k ;kp gDdkapk R;kauh vknj djk;yk gok- ikydkauh ;k lanHkkZr eqykauk ekxZn'kZu djkos-

eqykauk la?kVhr gks.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- vls djrkuk

ek= brjkaP;k ;kp gDdkyk /kksdk iksgprk dkek u;s-

eqykauk R;kaP;k [kktxh xks"Vh tksikl.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs-

dk;|kus R;kaP;k ukokoj] dqVwackoj o ?kjkaoj gks.kkÚ;k gY;kaiklwu R;kaps lja{k.k djkos-

eqykauk fV-Ogh-] jsfMvks rlsp brj izlkj ek/;ekaP;ke/kwu ekfgrh

feGo.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- fg ekfgrh R;kauk letsy v'kk Lo:ikr R;kauk ns.;kr ;k;yk goh- rlsp eqykalkBh ?kkrd vlysY;k ekfgrhiklwu R;kaps laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

eqykaP;k laxksiukph tckcnkjh nksUgh ikydkaph vlrs-

ikydkauh eqykaP;k fgrkyk izFke izk/kkU; |k;yk gos- ikydkauk eqykaps laxksiu ;ksX;fjrhus djrk ;kos ;klkBh 'kklukus R;kauk enr djkoh] fo'ks"kr% nksUgh ikyd ukSdjh djr vlY;kl-

४९

१० ११ १२

१३ १४ १५

१६ १८

ikyd vkiY;k eqykaph ;ksX; dkGth ?ksr vkgsr fdaok

ukghr ;kdMs 'kklukus y{k ns.ks xjtsps vkgs- rlsp dkSVwafcd fgalsiklwu eqykaps laj{k.k dj.ks 'kklukph tckcnkjh vkgs-

eqykaps laxksiu dj.;kl vleFkZ vlysys ikyd

vk<GY;kl] v'kk eqykaph tckcnkjh R;kaP;k /kekZps j{k.k d: 'kdrhy v'kk l{ke O;DrhdMs 'kklukus lksiokoh-

eqykauk nRrd nsrkuk R;kaps fgr o lqj{ksyk izFke izk/kkU; ns.;kr

;kos- ns'kakrxZar fdaok ijns'kkr eqykauk nRrd nsrkukgh ;kpk fopkj gks.ks vko';d vkgs-

ns'kkr foLFkkfir Eg.kwu vkysY;k eqykauk

LFkkfud eqykaizek.ksp loZ gDd vkgsr o rs R;akuk feGk;yk gosr-

viaxRo vlysy;k eqykauk Lora=i.ks txrk ;sbZy

o R;kaP;k vkRelUekukyk /kDdk iksgp.kkj ukgh v'kk lks;h&lqfo/kk 'kklukus R;kauk iqjok;yk gO;kr-

eqykauk vkjksX;kP;k rlsp LoPN ik.kh] iks"kd vkgkjkP;k

lqfo/kk vl.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr xjhc ns'kkauk l/ku ns'kkauh ;ksX; rh enr djk;yk goh-

T;k eqykaph dkGth o laxksiukph tckcnkjh ikydkaP;k tkxh LFkkfud

laLFkkadjoh ?ksryh tkrs] v'kk eqykaP;k jkg.khekukph rikl.kh 'kklukdMwu gks.ks xjtsps vkgs-

xjtw dqVwackrhy eqykauk ok<ho vkfFkZd enr 'kklukus djk;yk goh-

eqykapk R;kaP;k 'kkjhfjd o ekufld fudksi ok<hlkBh

iks"kd jkg.khekukoj gDd vkgs- vls jkg.kheku ns.;kl vleFkZ vlysY;k ikydkauk 'kklukus vkfFkZd enr djkoh-

५०

१९ २० २१

२२ २३ २४

२५ २६ २७

loZ eqykauk eksQr izkFkfed f'k{k.kkpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr

xjhc ns'kkauk l/ku ns'kkauh enr djkoh- rlsp mPpf'k{k.k ?ks.;kph bPNk o ;ksX;rk vlysY;k eqykauk o r:.kkauk 'kklukus enr o izksRlkgu |k;yk gos-

f'k{k.kkus eqykauk R;kaP;k O;fDreRo fodklklkBh enr dsyh

ikfgts- ikydkapk vknj djk;yk f'kdo.kkjs o brjkaP;k laLÑrhpk eku jk[kk;yk f'kdo.kkjs f'k{k.k eqykauk fnys xsys ikfgts-

eqykauk R;kaP;k dqaVwackph eqG Hkk"kk o pkyhfjrh okij.;kpk o

ikG.;kpk iq.kZ vf/kdkj vkgs- lektkrhy cgqrka'k yksdkais{kkgh osxGh vlyh rjhgh-

loZ eqykauk [ksG.;kpk o euksjatukpk vf/kdkj vkgs o R;kauk r'kk

lqfo/kk 'kklukus iqjoY;k ikfgtsr-

eqykaP;k vkjksX;kyk ?kkrd vkf.k R;kaP;klkBh /kksdknk;d

Bjsy fdaok R;kaP;k f'k{k.kkr ck/kk ;sbZy v'kk dkekiklwu ljdkjus eqykapk cpko dsyk ikfgts-

ljdkjus eqykaps /kksdknk;d vkS"k/kkaiklwu ¼MªXt½ laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

ljdkjus eqykaps ySafxd fgalkpkjkiklwu laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

eqykaps vigj.k dsys tk.ks fdaok R;kaph foØh gks.ks ;kiklwu ljdkjus laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

eqykaP;k fodklkyk ck/kk ;sbZy v'kk dks.kR;kgh xks"Vhaiklwu R;kaps laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

५१

२८ २९ ३०

३१ ३२ ३३

३४ ३५ ३६

ikyd vkiY;k eqykaph ;ksX; dkGth ?ksr vkgsr fdaok

ukghr ;kdMs 'kklukus y{k ns.ks xjtsps vkgs- rlsp dkSVwafcd fgalsiklwu eqykaps laj{k.k dj.ks 'kklukph tckcnkjh vkgs-

eqykaps laxksiu dj.;kl vleFkZ vlysys ikyd

vk<GY;kl] v'kk eqykaph tckcnkjh R;kaP;k /kekZps j{k.k d: 'kdrhy v'kk l{ke O;DrhdMs 'kklukus lksiokoh-

eqykauk nRrd nsrkuk R;kaps fgr o lqj{ksyk izFke izk/kkU; ns.;kr

;kos- ns'kakrxZar fdaok ijns'kkr eqykauk nRrd nsrkukgh ;kpk fopkj gks.ks vko';d vkgs-

ns'kkr foLFkkfir Eg.kwu vkysY;k eqykauk

LFkkfud eqykaizek.ksp loZ gDd vkgsr o rs R;akuk feGk;yk gosr-

viaxRo vlysy;k eqykauk Lora=i.ks txrk ;sbZy

o R;kaP;k vkRelUekukyk /kDdk iksgp.kkj ukgh v'kk lks;h&lqfo/kk 'kklukus R;kauk iqjok;yk gO;kr-

eqykauk vkjksX;kP;k rlsp LoPN ik.kh] iks"kd vkgkjkP;k

lqfo/kk vl.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr xjhc ns'kkauk l/ku ns'kkauh ;ksX; rh enr djk;yk goh-

T;k eqykaph dkGth o laxksiukph tckcnkjh ikydkaP;k tkxh LFkkfud

laLFkkadjoh ?ksryh tkrs] v'kk eqykaP;k jkg.khekukph rikl.kh 'kklukdMwu gks.ks xjtsps vkgs-

xjtw dqVwackrhy eqykauk ok<ho vkfFkZd enr 'kklukus djk;yk goh-

eqykapk R;kaP;k 'kkjhfjd o ekufld fudksi ok<hlkBh

iks"kd jkg.khekukoj gDd vkgs- vls jkg.kheku ns.;kl vleFkZ vlysY;k ikydkauk 'kklukus vkfFkZd enr djkoh-

५०

१९ २० २१

२२ २३ २४

२५ २६ २७

loZ eqykauk eksQr izkFkfed f'k{k.kkpk vf/kdkj vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr

xjhc ns'kkauk l/ku ns'kkauh enr djkoh- rlsp mPpf'k{k.k ?ks.;kph bPNk o ;ksX;rk vlysY;k eqykauk o r:.kkauk 'kklukus enr o izksRlkgu |k;yk gos-

f'k{k.kkus eqykauk R;kaP;k O;fDreRo fodklklkBh enr dsyh

ikfgts- ikydkapk vknj djk;yk f'kdo.kkjs o brjkaP;k laLÑrhpk eku jk[kk;yk f'kdo.kkjs f'k{k.k eqykauk fnys xsys ikfgts-

eqykauk R;kaP;k dqaVwackph eqG Hkk"kk o pkyhfjrh okij.;kpk o

ikG.;kpk iq.kZ vf/kdkj vkgs- lektkrhy cgqrka'k yksdkais{kkgh osxGh vlyh rjhgh-

loZ eqykauk [ksG.;kpk o euksjatukpk vf/kdkj vkgs o R;kauk r'kk

lqfo/kk 'kklukus iqjoY;k ikfgtsr-

eqykaP;k vkjksX;kyk ?kkrd vkf.k R;kaP;klkBh /kksdknk;d

Bjsy fdaok R;kaP;k f'k{k.kkr ck/kk ;sbZy v'kk dkekiklwu ljdkjus eqykapk cpko dsyk ikfgts-

ljdkjus eqykaps /kksdknk;d vkS"k/kkaiklwu ¼MªXt½ laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

ljdkjus eqykaps ySafxd fgalkpkjkiklwu laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

eqykaps vigj.k dsys tk.ks fdaok R;kaph foØh gks.ks ;kiklwu ljdkjus laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

eqykaP;k fodklkyk ck/kk ;sbZy v'kk dks.kR;kgh xks"Vhaiklwu R;kaps laj{k.k dsys ikfgts-

५१

२८ २९ ३०

३१ ३२ ३३

३४ ३५ ३६

dk;nk eksM.kkÚ;k eqykauk Øwji.ks okxoys tkÅ u;s- R;kauk

çkS< ek.klkacjkscj rq#axkr Bsoys tkÅ u;s vkf.k R;kapk dqVqacklkscr laidZ rqVw nsÅ u;s-

lksGk o"kkZis{kk deh o;kP;k eqykauk ljdkjus y"djkr Hkjrh

gks.;kl ijokuxh nsÅ u;s- ;q){ks=krhy eqykauk fo'ks"k laj{k.k |kos-

T;k eqykadMs nqyZ{k >kysys vkgs fdaok T;kaP;koj fgalk >kysyh

vkgs] v'kk eqykauk Lor%pk vkRelUeku ijr feGkok ;klkBh fo'ks"k enr feGkyh ikfgts-

tj ,[kk|k ns'kkps dk;ns ckygDd lafgrsis{kk tkLr çek.kkr

eqykaps laj{k.k djr vlrhy rj rs dk;ns rlsp Bsoys tkosr-

ljdkjus ckygDd lafgrscíy eqys o ikydkauk ekfgrh |koh-

T;k eqykadMs nqyZ{k >kysys vkgs fdaok th fgalsyk cGh iMyh vkgsr]

v'kk eqykauk Lor%pk vkRelUeku ijr feGkok ;klkBh fo'ks"k enr feGkyh ikfgts-

५२

३७ ३८ ३९

४१ ४२४०

mRre 'kklukfo"k;h vki.k eq[; iqLrdkr okpys vkgs- ;k [kaMkr vki.k ifj.kkedkjd 'kklukP;k ?kVdkafo"k;h ppkZ dj.kkj vkgksr-

xzkeiapk;rhus tj [kkyhy eqY;kapk vaxhdkj dsyk] rj

'kklu ifj.kkedkjd gksbZy %

१- nkf;Ro

२- ikjn'kZdrk o izfrlknkRed O;ogkj-

३- lekurk o loZlekos'kdrk

४- lgHkko o ,der

५- ifj.kkedkjdrk o dk;Z{kerk

nk;hRo Eg.kts ,[kknk fu.kZ; tj iapk;rhus ?ksryk rj R;k fu.kZ;kph laiq.kZ tckcnkjh gh iapk;rhph vlrs- Eg.kwup lektkrhy dk s. k hgh i apk;rhP;k fu.kZ;kP;k ckcrhr tj dkgh iz'u o 'kadk mifLFkr dsY;k rj R;kps lek/kkudkjd mRrj ns.ks iapk;rhyk ca/kudkjd vkgs- iz'kklukrhy vusd vfu"B izFkk] let o xSjlet ;kauk vVdko dj.;klkBh Hkkjr ljdkjus lkekU; tursP;k fgrklkBh ekfgrhP;k vf/kdkjkpk dk;nk vfLrRokr vk.kyk- ;k dk;|keqGs ukxjhdkauk ljdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kadMs fofo/k 'kkldh; dkedktkckcrph ekfgrh fopkj.;kpk] tk.kwu ?ks.;kpk gDd cgky dj.;kr vkyk vkgs-

egkjk"Vªkrhy Bk.ks ftYg~;krhy vkacsxko xkokr lqo.kkZ jgkr vls- fryk frP;k vktksckaP;k e`R;wpk nk[kyk gok gksrk- frP;k vkthlkBh lqo.kkZyk fo/kok fuo`Rrh osru ;kstusr vtZ djk;pk gksrk- toGikl nksu o"ksZ rh iapk;r dk;kZy;ke/;s [ksik ?kkyr gksrh ijarw njosGh fryk dkgh fnolkauh ;s.;klkBh lkax.;kr ;sr gksrs- uarj fryk lkax.;kr vkys dh] :-५०० tj frus frFkY;k deZpkÚ;kyk fnys rj frps dke Rojhr gksow 'kdsy- ;k lxG~;kyk daVkGwu lqo.kkZus ekfgrhpk vf/kdkj dk;|k[kkyh frph rØkj uksanfoyh o fryk gos vlysys dkxni= fryk ns.;kl dk ukdkjys tkr vkgsr ;kph fopkj.kk dsyh- ;k lxG~;kapk mphr ifj.kke gksÅu lqo.kkZyk frP;k vktksckapk e`R;q nk[kyk feGkyk-

५३

dk;nk eksM.kkÚ;k eqykauk Øwji.ks okxoys tkÅ u;s- R;kauk

çkS< ek.klkacjkscj rq#axkr Bsoys tkÅ u;s vkf.k R;kapk dqVqacklkscr laidZ rqVw nsÅ u;s-

lksGk o"kkZis{kk deh o;kP;k eqykauk ljdkjus y"djkr Hkjrh

gks.;kl ijokuxh nsÅ u;s- ;q){ks=krhy eqykauk fo'ks"k laj{k.k |kos-

T;k eqykadMs nqyZ{k >kysys vkgs fdaok T;kaP;koj fgalk >kysyh

vkgs] v'kk eqykauk Lor%pk vkRelUeku ijr feGkok ;klkBh fo'ks"k enr feGkyh ikfgts-

tj ,[kk|k ns'kkps dk;ns ckygDd lafgrsis{kk tkLr çek.kkr

eqykaps laj{k.k djr vlrhy rj rs dk;ns rlsp Bsoys tkosr-

ljdkjus ckygDd lafgrscíy eqys o ikydkauk ekfgrh |koh-

T;k eqykadMs nqyZ{k >kysys vkgs fdaok th fgalsyk cGh iMyh vkgsr]

v'kk eqykauk Lor%pk vkRelUeku ijr feGkok ;klkBh fo'ks"k enr feGkyh ikfgts-

५२

३७ ३८ ३९

४१ ४२४०

mRre 'kklukfo"k;h vki.k eq[; iqLrdkr okpys vkgs- ;k [kaMkr vki.k ifj.kkedkjd 'kklukP;k ?kVdkafo"k;h ppkZ dj.kkj vkgksr-

xzkeiapk;rhus tj [kkyhy eqY;kapk vaxhdkj dsyk] rj

'kklu ifj.kkedkjd gksbZy %

१- nkf;Ro

२- ikjn'kZdrk o izfrlknkRed O;ogkj-

३- lekurk o loZlekos'kdrk

४- lgHkko o ,der

५- ifj.kkedkjdrk o dk;Z{kerk

nk;hRo Eg.kts ,[kknk fu.kZ; tj iapk;rhus ?ksryk rj R;k fu.kZ;kph laiq.kZ tckcnkjh gh iapk;rhph vlrs- Eg.kwup lektkrhy dk s. k hgh i apk;rhP;k fu.kZ;kP;k ckcrhr tj dkgh iz'u o 'kadk mifLFkr dsY;k rj R;kps lek/kkudkjd mRrj ns.ks iapk;rhyk ca/kudkjd vkgs- iz'kklukrhy vusd vfu"B izFkk] let o xSjlet ;kauk vVdko dj.;klkBh Hkkjr ljdkjus lkekU; tursP;k fgrklkBh ekfgrhP;k vf/kdkjkpk dk;nk vfLrRokr vk.kyk- ;k dk;|keqGs ukxjhdkauk ljdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kadMs fofo/k 'kkldh; dkedktkckcrph ekfgrh fopkj.;kpk] tk.kwu ?ks.;kpk gDd cgky dj.;kr vkyk vkgs-

egkjk"Vªkrhy Bk.ks ftYg~;krhy vkacsxko xkokr lqo.kkZ jgkr vls- fryk frP;k vktksckaP;k e`R;wpk nk[kyk gok gksrk- frP;k vkthlkBh lqo.kkZyk fo/kok fuo`Rrh osru ;kstusr vtZ djk;pk gksrk- toGikl nksu o"ksZ rh iapk;r dk;kZy;ke/;s [ksik ?kkyr gksrh ijarw njosGh fryk dkgh fnolkauh ;s.;klkBh lkax.;kr ;sr gksrs- uarj fryk lkax.;kr vkys dh] :-५०० tj frus frFkY;k deZpkÚ;kyk fnys rj frps dke Rojhr gksow 'kdsy- ;k lxG~;kyk daVkGwu lqo.kkZus ekfgrhpk vf/kdkj dk;|k[kkyh frph rØkj uksanfoyh o fryk gos vlysys dkxni= fryk ns.;kl dk ukdkjys tkr vkgsr ;kph fopkj.kk dsyh- ;k lxG~;kapk mphr ifj.kke gksÅu lqo.kkZyk frP;k vktksckapk e`R;q nk[kyk feGkyk-

५३

xkokrhy izR;sdkyk fu.kZ; izfØ;sfo"k;hph ekfgrh feG.ks o let.ks vko';d vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZ dks.kR;kgh ygku eksB~;k leL;kaP;k ckcrhr] fodkl ;kstukaP;k ckcrhr ?ksrys xsysys fu.kZ; o R;k fu.kZ;kai;Zar iksgp.;kP;k izfØ;sfo"k;h laiq.kZ ekfgrh loZ O;Drhauk vlk;yk goh- ;kykp ikjn'kZdrk Eg.krkr- izfrlknkRed O;ogkj Eg.kts ukxjhdkaP;k iz'ukauk] R;kaP;k xjtkauk o R;kauh fopkjysY;k 'kadkauk lek/kkudkjd mRrj ns.ks o ;k loZ izfØ;se/;s ldkjkRedrspk n`"Vhdksu vaxhdkj.ks-

egkjk"Vªkrhy iq.ks 'kgjkr iq.ks egkuxjikfydsus okf"kZd vFkZladYi cufo.;kP;k izfØ;sr lkekU; ukxjhdkaP;k ;k fo"k;hps er fopkjkr ?ks.;kps Bjfoys- ;klkBh ukxfjdkaP;k vusd xVkauh ,d= ;sÅu ;k fo"k;hP;k ppsZOnkjs vkjk[kMs r;kj d:u egkuxjikfydsdMs tek dsys- ;k xVkae/;s ,d xV >ksiMiV~Vhrhy

efgykapk gksrk- १०० gwu vf/kd efgykauh R;kaP;k oLrhrY;k cSBdhyk mifLFkrh uksanfoyh- oLrhrhyp ,dk eksB~;k oMkP;k >kMk[kkyh efgykaph gh cSBd ?ks.;kr vkyh- ;k cSBdhr [kkyh fnysY;k eq|kaoj l[kksy ppkZ dj.;kr vkyh- lkoZtfud uGkarwu gks.kkjk ik.kh iqjoBk o R;kaP;k osGk] oLrhrhy xVkjkaph nq:Lrh o lQkbZ] oLrhrhy jLR;kaojps fnos o lkoZtfud fBdk.kh cSBdk ?ks.;klkBh vlysY;k tkxkalkBh dsyk tk.kkjk fo|qr iqjoBk b- ;k loZ eq|kapk fopkj d:u ;k efgyk xVkus ikfydsyk R;kpk vkjk[kMk o R;k vuq"kaxkus nSuafnu thouklkBh vko';d vlysY;k lqfo/kkaph ekx.kh egkuxj ikyhdsdMs izLrqr dsyh- v'kk i/nrhus ;k efgykauh ikyhdsP;k vFkZladYikoj vkiyk Blk meVoyk-

lektkrhy izR;sd O;DrhP;k xjtk o vkoM&fuoM iapk;rhus y{kkr ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- rlsp dqBY;kgh xks"Vhoj fu.kZ; ?ks.;kiwohZ lektkrhy izR;sd ?kVdkps Hkys gksbZy ;kdMs y{k ns.ks vko';d vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZ lektkrhy vf/kd nwyZ{khr o vlqj{khr ?kVdkauk iapk;rhP;k fodkl izfØ;sr o fu.kZ; ?ks.;kP;k izfØ;sr fu%i{ki.ks lekfo"V d:u ?ksrys xsys ikfgts-

५४

oj fnysY;k iq.ks egkuxj ikfydsP;k mnkgj.kkckcr lkaxk;ps >kys rj >ksiMiV~Vhrhy efgykaizek.ks okf"kZd vFkZladYi cufo.;kP;k izfØ;se/;s lQkbZ dkexkj] LoPNrk dkexkj ¼dpjk mpy.kkjs o dpjk okg.kkjs½ ;kauh ns[khy vkiY;k ekx.;k ikfydsdMs izLrqr dsY;k- dkxn] dkp] i=k] d"Vdjh iapk;r ¼dpjk mpy.kkÚ;k dkexkjkaph la?kVuk½ o vLoPN dke dj.kkÚ;k deZpkÚ;kauh ns[khy vkiY;k ekx.;k izLrqr dsY;k- vFkZ okf"kZd vFkZladYike/;s dpjk osxGk dj.;klkBh ¼vksyk dpjk&lqdk dpjk½ tkxk miyC/k dj.;kfo"k;hph ekx.kh ;k xVkauh ikfydsdMs izLrqr dsyh- v'kk tkxkaph O;oLFkk gh Hkkth eaMbZ] cl LVkWi o QsjhokY;kaP;k {ks=ke/;s miyC/k djkoh v'kh R;kaph ekx.kh gksrh- ikyhdsP;k ok"khZd vFkZladYikr ;k loZ ekx.;k ikyhdsus eatwj d:u R;kaP;k iwrZrslkBh vko';d rh vkfFkZd rjrwn dsyh- v'kk izdkjs 'kklukP;k dk;kZr lektkrhy fuEuLrjkrhy ?kVdkauk fu%i{ki.ks lgHkkx ?ksrk vkyk] ;kps iq.ks egkuxjikfydsus ,d mRre mnkgj.k fnys vkgs-

iapk;rhus ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kph vaeyctko.kh ;ksX; izdkjs djkoh- vls djrkuk] ikjn'kZd izfØ;spk voyac dj.ks vis{khr vkgs- miyC/k vlysys euq";cG o lk/ku&lkexzh rlsp osG ;kapk tkLrhr tkLr mi;ksx bfPNr ijh.kke lk/k.;klkBh djkok-

fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;kph la/kh v'kk izR;sd O;Drhyk ns.;kr vkyh ifgts] ftP;koj ?ksrY;k xsysY;k fu.kZ;kapk izR;{k o vizR;{k ijh.kke gks.;kpk laHko mn~Hkorks- v'kk O;Drhauk fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lØh; lgHkkx ?ks.;kph la/kh miyC/k d:u |k;yk goh- v'kk O;Drhauk fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;klkBh vusd ekxkZapk voyac djrk ;sow 'kdrks- oLrhrhy lnL;kauk ekfgrh ns.ks] fu.kZ; ?;k;pk vlysY;k leL;sfo"k;h] R;kaps er fopkjkr ?ksowu R;kaP;kdMwu leL;sps fujkdj.k dj.;klkBh mik;&;kstukackcr lYyk ?ks.ks fdaok dkgh osGk izR;{k fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s R;kauk lgHkkxh d:u ?ks.ks- ?ksrysys fu.kZ; gs lokZuqers ?ksrys tk.ks vko';d vkgs- fu.kZ; izfØ;soj dq.kkP;kgh jktdh; fdaok oS;fDrd cGkpk izHkko iM.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;ykp goh-

xkokr miyC/k vl.kkÚ;k lk/ku&lkexzhpk ;ksX; rks mi;ksx iapk;rhus d:u ?;kok- dqByhgh fodkl izfØ;k fdaok yksdfgrklkBh dj.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k dkekauk iqjs'kh vkFkhZd rjrwn ukgh ;k lcchlkBh [kaMhr d: u;s fdaok iq<s <dyw u;s- dk;Z{ke xzkeiapk;r vkiY;k miyC/k vlysY;k fu/khapk ;ksX; fBdk.kh okij d:u yksdfgrkph dkes dj.;kl dk;Z{ke vlrs-

५५

xkokrhy izR;sdkyk fu.kZ; izfØ;sfo"k;hph ekfgrh feG.ks o let.ks vko';d vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZ dks.kR;kgh ygku eksB~;k leL;kaP;k ckcrhr] fodkl ;kstukaP;k ckcrhr ?ksrys xsysys fu.kZ; o R;k fu.kZ;kai;Zar iksgp.;kP;k izfØ;sfo"k;h laiq.kZ ekfgrh loZ O;Drhauk vlk;yk goh- ;kykp ikjn'kZdrk Eg.krkr- izfrlknkRed O;ogkj Eg.kts ukxjhdkaP;k iz'ukauk] R;kaP;k xjtkauk o R;kauh fopkjysY;k 'kadkauk lek/kkudkjd mRrj ns.ks o ;k loZ izfØ;se/;s ldkjkRedrspk n`"Vhdksu vaxhdkj.ks-

egkjk"Vªkrhy iq.ks 'kgjkr iq.ks egkuxjikfydsus okf"kZd vFkZladYi cufo.;kP;k izfØ;sr lkekU; ukxjhdkaP;k ;k fo"k;hps er fopkjkr ?ks.;kps Bjfoys- ;klkBh ukxfjdkaP;k vusd xVkauh ,d= ;sÅu ;k fo"k;hP;k ppsZOnkjs vkjk[kMs r;kj d:u egkuxjikfydsdMs tek dsys- ;k xVkae/;s ,d xV >ksiMiV~Vhrhy

efgykapk gksrk- १०० gwu vf/kd efgykauh R;kaP;k oLrhrY;k cSBdhyk mifLFkrh uksanfoyh- oLrhrhyp ,dk eksB~;k oMkP;k >kMk[kkyh efgykaph gh cSBd ?ks.;kr vkyh- ;k cSBdhr [kkyh fnysY;k eq|kaoj l[kksy ppkZ dj.;kr vkyh- lkoZtfud uGkarwu gks.kkjk ik.kh iqjoBk o R;kaP;k osGk] oLrhrhy xVkjkaph nq:Lrh o lQkbZ] oLrhrhy jLR;kaojps fnos o lkoZtfud fBdk.kh cSBdk ?ks.;klkBh vlysY;k tkxkalkBh dsyk tk.kkjk fo|qr iqjoBk b- ;k loZ eq|kapk fopkj d:u ;k efgyk xVkus ikfydsyk R;kpk vkjk[kMk o R;k vuq"kaxkus nSuafnu thouklkBh vko';d vlysY;k lqfo/kkaph ekx.kh egkuxj ikyhdsdMs izLrqr dsyh- v'kk i/nrhus ;k efgykauh ikyhdsP;k vFkZladYikoj vkiyk Blk meVoyk-

lektkrhy izR;sd O;DrhP;k xjtk o vkoM&fuoM iapk;rhus y{kkr ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- rlsp dqBY;kgh xks"Vhoj fu.kZ; ?ks.;kiwohZ lektkrhy izR;sd ?kVdkps Hkys gksbZy ;kdMs y{k ns.ks vko';d vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZ lektkrhy vf/kd nwyZ{khr o vlqj{khr ?kVdkauk iapk;rhP;k fodkl izfØ;sr o fu.kZ; ?ks.;kP;k izfØ;sr fu%i{ki.ks lekfo"V d:u ?ksrys xsys ikfgts-

५४

oj fnysY;k iq.ks egkuxj ikfydsP;k mnkgj.kkckcr lkaxk;ps >kys rj >ksiMiV~Vhrhy efgykaizek.ks okf"kZd vFkZladYi cufo.;kP;k izfØ;se/;s lQkbZ dkexkj] LoPNrk dkexkj ¼dpjk mpy.kkjs o dpjk okg.kkjs½ ;kauh ns[khy vkiY;k ekx.;k ikfydsdMs izLrqr dsY;k- dkxn] dkp] i=k] d"Vdjh iapk;r ¼dpjk mpy.kkÚ;k dkexkjkaph la?kVuk½ o vLoPN dke dj.kkÚ;k deZpkÚ;kauh ns[khy vkiY;k ekx.;k izLrqr dsY;k- vFkZ okf"kZd vFkZladYike/;s dpjk osxGk dj.;klkBh ¼vksyk dpjk&lqdk dpjk½ tkxk miyC/k dj.;kfo"k;hph ekx.kh ;k xVkauh ikfydsdMs izLrqr dsyh- v'kk tkxkaph O;oLFkk gh Hkkth eaMbZ] cl LVkWi o QsjhokY;kaP;k {ks=ke/;s miyC/k djkoh v'kh R;kaph ekx.kh gksrh- ikyhdsP;k ok"khZd vFkZladYikr ;k loZ ekx.;k ikyhdsus eatwj d:u R;kaP;k iwrZrslkBh vko';d rh vkfFkZd rjrwn dsyh- v'kk izdkjs 'kklukP;k dk;kZr lektkrhy fuEuLrjkrhy ?kVdkauk fu%i{ki.ks lgHkkx ?ksrk vkyk] ;kps iq.ks egkuxjikfydsus ,d mRre mnkgj.k fnys vkgs-

iapk;rhus ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kph vaeyctko.kh ;ksX; izdkjs djkoh- vls djrkuk] ikjn'kZd izfØ;spk voyac dj.ks vis{khr vkgs- miyC/k vlysys euq";cG o lk/ku&lkexzh rlsp osG ;kapk tkLrhr tkLr mi;ksx bfPNr ijh.kke lk/k.;klkBh djkok-

fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;kph la/kh v'kk izR;sd O;Drhyk ns.;kr vkyh ifgts] ftP;koj ?ksrY;k xsysY;k fu.kZ;kapk izR;{k o vizR;{k ijh.kke gks.;kpk laHko mn~Hkorks- v'kk O;Drhauk fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lØh; lgHkkx ?ks.;kph la/kh miyC/k d:u |k;yk goh- v'kk O;Drhauk fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;klkBh vusd ekxkZapk voyac djrk ;sow 'kdrks- oLrhrhy lnL;kauk ekfgrh ns.ks] fu.kZ; ?;k;pk vlysY;k leL;sfo"k;h] R;kaps er fopkjkr ?ksowu R;kaP;kdMwu leL;sps fujkdj.k dj.;klkBh mik;&;kstukackcr lYyk ?ks.ks fdaok dkgh osGk izR;{k fu.kZ; izfØ;se/;s R;kauk lgHkkxh d:u ?ks.ks- ?ksrysys fu.kZ; gs lokZuqers ?ksrys tk.ks vko';d vkgs- fu.kZ; izfØ;soj dq.kkP;kgh jktdh; fdaok oS;fDrd cGkpk izHkko iM.kkj ukgh ;kph [kcjnkjh xzkeiapk;rhus ?;k;ykp goh-

xkokr miyC/k vl.kkÚ;k lk/ku&lkexzhpk ;ksX; rks mi;ksx iapk;rhus d:u ?;kok- dqByhgh fodkl izfØ;k fdaok yksdfgrklkBh dj.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k dkekauk iqjs'kh vkFkhZd rjrwn ukgh ;k lcchlkBh [kaMhr d: u;s fdaok iq<s <dyw u;s- dk;Z{ke xzkeiapk;r vkiY;k miyC/k vlysY;k fu/khapk ;ksX; fBdk.kh okij d:u yksdfgrkph dkes dj.;kl dk;Z{ke vlrs-

५५

vxnh vyhdMP;k dkGkr dukZVd o dsjG jkT;krhy vusd egkuxj ikfydkauh okf"kZd vFkZladYikr lkekU; ukxjhdkapk lgHkkx ?ksÅu uohu lq:okr dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ;kekxph eqG dYiuk vfr'k; lksih vkgs- oLrhrhy lkekU; ukxjhd ,d= ;sÅu R;kaP;k nSuafnu xjtk o leL;kafo"k;h ppsZOnkjs izk/kkU;kus lksMokO;kr v'kk leL;kaph uksan djrkr- ;k ppsZph o R;kauh fuoMysY;k leL;kaph O;ofLFkr ekaM.kh d:u izdYikP;k Lo:ikr gk loZ nLr,sot 'kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kadMs ikBorkr- v'kk vusd ukxjhdkaps xV vkikiys izdYi ikBorkr- R;kuarj ukxjhd Lor% leL;kaph iwrZrk dj.;klkBh izk/kkU;Øe fuf'pr djrkr o fodkl dk;ZØeke/;s dks.kR;k eq|kapk fopkj Ogkok ;kph fuf'prh dsyh tkrs- v'kkizdkjs fodklkP;k dkekalkBh vFkZladYikr ;ksX; rh rjrwn dj.ks iz'kklukyk lks;hps gksrs- v'kkizdkjs yksdlgHkkxkrwu ?kMoysyk fodkl gk lokZalkBh lek/kkudkjd vlrks] gs ;k nksu jkT;kr fl/n >kys vkgs-

eqykalkBh dke dj.kkÚ;k lgtdR;kZyk iqjsls o vko';d rs izf'k{k.k ns.ks vko';d vkgs- Ñi;k [kkyhy lanHkZ lkfgR;kpk mi;ksx djkok & ^^cny ?kMowu vk.k.;kph lqyHk izfØ;k ¼xkokrhy lgtdrsZ izsjd@izsfjdk½ gLriqfLrdk-**

dukZVd jkT;krhy ^vksjdqaVs feRrqj* xkokP;k xzkeiapk;rhus izR;sd lnL;kyk R;kauh dsysY;k dkekps mRrjnk;hRo ?;k;yk yko.;kP;k gsrwus iz'kkldh; dkedktkP;k fofo/k drZO;kaph foHkkx.kh dsyh- loZlk/kkj.ki.ks] ljiap gk xzkeiapk;rhP;k miØekapk o fofo/k {ks=krhy izdYi o ;kstukapk vf/kdkjh vlrks- ijarw ,d ufou ladYiuspk vaxhdkj d:u ;k xzkeiapk;rhus frP;k fl/nhlkBh [kkyhyizek.ks dkekph ¼tckcnkjhph o drZO;kph½ foHkkx.kh dsyh- ,dk iapk;r lnL;kus jgk.khekukP;k ;kstuk o izdYi ;kaph tckcnkjh ?ksryh ¼Ñ"kh] i'kqlao/kZu o egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj ;kstuk½- nqlÚ;k ,dk iapk;r lnL;kus LoPNrk o vkjksX; ;k fo"k;k'kh fuxMhr vlysY;k miØe o ;kstukaph tckcnkjh ?ksryh- vls dsY;kus] ljiapkps opZLo vlysY;k LFkkfud LojkT; laLFksrhy dkjHkkjkph foHkkx.kh dj.;kr vkyh o ljiapkP;k euekuh dkjHkkjkoj vkiksvkip fu;a=.k Bsork ;s.ks 'kD; >kys- ;k loZ izfØ;se/;s iapk;rhus dsysY;k dkekafo"k;hph tckcnkjh gh okVyh xsyh o izR;sd lnL; gk ,dq.k iz'kkldh; dkjHkkjklkBh tckcnkj lnL; >kyk-

५६

An Activity Book for Children

Department of Rural Development and Panchaya� Raj

Government of Maharashtra

for every child

Maharashtra State Commission for Protec�on of Child Rights

UNICEF State Office for Maharashtra