an analysis of cdc hiv prevention funding by state aids... · 2009 national hiv prevention...
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The AIDS Institute 1
An Analysis of CDC HIV Prevention Funding by State
Carl SchmidJessica Ladd
2009 National HIV Prevention ConferenceAtlanta, GA
August 26, 2009
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The AIDS Institute 2
Purpose
• Analyze how CDC HIV prevention funding (FY2007) is distributed to states, territories, and DC.
• Analyze if this distribution correlates with demographic information such as:
– Population (2007 Census Data)
– Living AIDS Cases (2007 from CDC Surveillance Report)
– Living HIV/AIDS Cases (2007 from CDC Surveillance Report)
– New HIV Diagnoses (2007 from CDC Surveillance Report)
– Living AIDS Rate and Population
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CDC FY 2007 HIV/AIDS Prevention Funding
• HIV Prevention Cooperative Agreements (56%)
• HIV/AIDS Surveillance Cooperative Agreements (13%)
• Community-Based Organization (CBO) and Capacity Building Assistance (CBA) Providers (15%)
• Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH) (3%)
• Miscellaneous Funding (6%)
• Expanded HIV Testing in African American Communities (7%)
• Total: $530 million
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Map of CDC Prevention Funding Distribution
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation’s http://www.statehealthfacts.org, data provided by National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors
(NASTAD)
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Funding per Capita
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2007 Funding per Capita
Rank State $/Capita
1 District of Columbia $34.42
2 Virgin Islands $15.34
3 New York $4.20
4 Guam $3.90
5 Maryland $3.50
6 Alaska $3.00
7 Delaware $2.95
8 Vermont $2.85
9 New Jersey $2.77
10 Rhode Island $2.67
11 Connecticut $2.48
12 Louisiana $2.47
13 Massachusetts $2.46
14 Wyoming $2.43
15 Hawaii $2.20
16 Florida $2.03
17 Montana $2.00
18 Puerto Rico $1.92
19 South Carolina $1.90
20 California $1.78
21 Colorado $1.77
United States $1.7322 Mississippi $1.65
23 Maine $1.63
24 Georgia $1.62
25 North Dakota $1.52
26 Nevada $1.50
27 Illinois $1.47
Rank State $/Capita
28 New Hampshire $1.46
29 Pennsylvania $1.46
30 New Mexico $1.43
31 Texas $1.36
32 South Dakota $1.18
33 West Virginia $1.17
34 Oregon $1.16
35 Michigan $1.15
36 Tennessee $1.12
37 Missouri $1.09
38 Virginia $1.05
39 North Carolina $1.03
40 Washington $1.01
41 Arizona $0.96
42 Oklahoma $0.94
43 Minnesota $0.90
44 Nebraska $0.88
45 Arkansas $0.83
46 Alabama $0.83
47 Wisconsin $0.80
48 Idaho $0.79
49 Kansas $0.71
50 Iowa $0.69
51 Kentucky $0.66
52 Ohio $0.65
53 Indiana $0.63
54 Utah $0.47
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2007 Funding per Capita
Top 10 States Bottom 10 States
Average: $1.73
Rank State $/Capita
1 District of Columbia $34.42
2 Virgin Islands $15.34
3 New York $4.20
4 Guam $3.90
5 Maryland $3.50
6 Alaska $3.00
7 Delaware $2.95
8 Vermont $2.85
9 New Jersey $2.77
10 Rhode Island $2.67
Rank State $/Capita
54 Utah $0.47
53 Indiana $0.63
52 Ohio $0.65
51 Kentucky $0.66
50 Iowa $0.69
49 Kansas $0.71
48 Idaho $0.79
47 Wisconsin $0.80
46 Alabama $0.83
45 Arkansas $0.83
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2007 Funding per Capita
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Regional Funding per Capita
• Northeast: $2.86
• U.S. Average: $1.73
• South: $1.72
• West: $1.54
• Midwest: $0.98
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Funding per PLWA
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2007 Funding per Estimated Persons Living with AIDS
Rank State $/PLWA
1 Guam $19,311
2 North Dakota $12,147
3 Wyoming $11,992
4 Montana $9,334
5 Vermont $7,398
6 South Dakota $6,369
7 Alaska $5,969
8 Virgin Islands $5,026
9 Maine $3,987
10 Idaho $3,720
11 New Hampshire $3,271
12 West Virginia $2,711
13 District of Columbia $2,277
14 Iowa $2,256
15 Hawaii $2,145
16 New Mexico $2,104
17 Rhode Island $2,094
18 Colorado $2,010
19 Wisconsin $1,945
20 Minnesota $1,912
21 Nebraska $1,871
22 Massachusetts $1,731
23 Michigan $1,635
24 Oklahoma $1,488
25 Oregon $1,470
26 Mississippi $1,445
27 Kansas $1,425
28 Delaware $1,386
Rank State $/PLWA
29 New Jersey $1,361
30 Nevada $1,280
31 Maryland $1,255
32 Connecticut $1,255
33 Louisiana $1,247
34 Arizona $1,190
35 Washington $1,156
United States $1,13336 South Carolina $1,117
37 Missouri $1,114
38 Illinois $1,103
39 New York $1,078
40 Utah $1,035
41 Arkansas $1,027
42 North Carolina $1,018
43 Ohio $1,011
44 Tennessee $1,007
45 Indiana $998
46 California $994
47 Kentucky $989
48 Alabama $947
49 Pennsylvania $944
50 Texas $933
51 Virginia $917
52 Georgia $860
53 Florida $772
54 Puerto Rico $659
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2007 Funding per Estimated Persons Living with AIDS
Top 10 States Bottom 10 States
Average: $1,133
Rank State $/PLWA
1 Guam $19,311
2 North Dakota $12,147
3 Wyoming $11,992
4 Montana $9,334
5 Vermont $7,398
6 South Dakota $6,369
7 Alaska $5,969
8 Virgin Islands $5,026
9 Maine $3,987
10 Idaho $3,720
Rank State $/PLWA
54 Puerto Rico $659
53 Florida $772
52 Georgia $860
51 Virginia $917
50 Texas $933
49 Pennsylvania $944
48 Alabama $947
47 Kentucky $989
46 California $994
45 Indiana $998
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2007 Funding per Estimated Persons Living with AIDS
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Regional Funding per PLWA
• Midwest: $1,314
• Northeast: $1,198
• West: $1,180
• U.S. Average: $1,133
• South: $1,032
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Funding per PLWHA
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2007 Funding per Estimated Persons Living with HIV/AIDS
Excluded from analysis due to lack of data: California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky,Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington
Rank State $/PLWHA
1 Guam $7,041
2 Wyoming $6,231
3 North Dakota $5,819
4 Alaska $3,240
5 Virgin Islands $2,898
6 South Dakota $2,645
7 Idaho $1,627
8 West Virginia $1,463
9 Iowa $1,325
10 New Mexico $1,224
11 Nebraska $1,012
12 Wisconsin $945
13 Michigan $853
14 Colorado $832
15 Minnesota $801
16 Oklahoma $750
17 Kansas $717
18 New Jersey $682
19 New York $667
Rank State $/PLWHA
20 Louisiana $652
21 Mississippi $626
22 South Carolina $593
23 Missouri $587
24 Nevada $585
Average $58325 Utah $578
26 Arizona $537
27 Texas $530
28 Indiana $504
29 Arkansas $499
30 Tennessee $492
31 Georgia $486
32 Ohio $470
33 Florida $423
34 Virginia $418
35 North Carolina $418
36 Puerto Rico $404
37 Alabama $391
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2007 Funding per Estimated Persons Living with HIV/AIDS
Top 10 States Bottom 10 States
Average: $583
Rank State $/PLWHA
1 Guam $7,041
2 Wyoming $6,231
3 North Dakota $5,819
4 Alaska $3,240
5 Virgin Islands $2,898
6 South Dakota $2,645
7 Idaho $1,627
8 West Virginia $1,463
9 Iowa $1,325
10 New Mexico $1,224
Rank State $/PLWHA
37 Alabama $391
36 Puerto Rico $404
35 North Carolina $418
34 Virginia $418
33 Florida $423
32 Ohio $470
31 Georgia $486
30 Tennessee $492
29 Arkansas $499
28 Indiana $504
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2007 Funding per Estimated Persons Living with HIV/AIDS
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Funding per New HIV Diagnosis
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2007 Funding per New HIV Diagnosis
Excluded from analysis due to lack of data: Vermont, Maryland, and Hawaii
Rank State $/HIV diagnosis
1 Guam $675,897
2 Montana $382,712
3 North Dakota $323,919
4 Wyoming $105,927
5 Virgin Islands $97,863
6 Alaska $97,500
7 Massachusetts $87,828
8 Idaho $69,580
9 New Hampshire $60,100
10 Maine $59,478
11 South Dakota $58,518
12 West Virginia $42,561
13 Rhode Island $42,202
14 District of Columbia $41,928
15 New Mexico $35,219
16 New Jersey $34,717
17 Connecticut $33,580
18 Oregon $32,380
19 Colorado $31,447
20 Nebraska $30,037
21 Delaware $29,034
22 New York $28,610
23 Iowa $25,230
24 Kansas $25,067
25 Wisconsin $24,672
26 California $24,257
Rank State $/HIV diagnosis
27 Michigan $23,264
28 Minnesota $20,814
29 Illinois $20,128
30 Oklahoma $19,669
Average $18,75631 South Carolina $18,602
32 Missouri $18,071
33 Pennsylvania $18,036
34 Utah $17,119
35 Washington $16,853
36 Louisiana $16,488
37 Georgia $14,628
38 Virginia $14,522
39 Puerto Rico $13,067
40 Arkansas $13,049
41 Texas $13,004
42 Nevada $12,827
43 Indiana $12,817
44 Kentucky $12,815
45 Ohio $12,517
46 Arizona $12,466
47 Mississippi $11,750
48 Tennessee $9,724
49 Florida $9,321
50 Alabama $8,568
51 North Carolina $6,344
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2007 Funding per New HIV Diagnosis
Top 10 States Bottom 10 States
Average: $18,756
Rank State $/HIV diagnosis
1 Guam $675,897
2 Montana $382,712
3 North Dakota $323,919
4 Wyoming $105,927
5 Virgin Islands $97,863
6 Alaska $97,500
7 Massachusetts $87,828
8 Idaho $69,580
9 New Hampshire $60,100
10 Maine $59,478
Rank State $/HIV diagnosis
51 North Carolina $6,344
50 Alabama $8,568
49 Florida $9,321
48 Tennessee $9,724
47 Mississippi $11,750
46 Arizona $12,466
45 Ohio $12,517
44 Kentucky $12,815
43 Indiana $12,817
42 Nevada $12,827
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2007 Funding per New HIV Diagnosis
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2007 Funding per New HIV Diagnosis
Northeast: $30,275
West: $23,468
Midwest: $19,471
U.S. Average: $18,756
South: $12,603
Excluded from analysis due to lack of data: Vermont, Maryland, and Hawaii
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Hypothetical Model:Living AIDS Rates and
Funding per Capita
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Living AIDS Rate and Funding per CapitaRank AIDS
Rate
Rank $ per
CapitaState
Funding per
Capita
AIDS Rate
per 1,000
1 1 District of Columbia $34.42 15.12
2 3 New York $4.20 3.90
3 2 Virgin Islands $15.34 3.05
4 18 Puerto Rico $1.92 2.92
5 5 Maryland $3.50 2.79
6 16 Florida $2.03 2.63
7 7 Delaware $2.95 2.13
8 9 New Jersey $2.77 2.03
9 11 Connecticut $2.48 1.98
10 12 Louisiana $2.47 1.98
11 24 Georgia $1.62 1.89
12 20 California $1.78 1.79
13 19 South Carolina $1.90 1.70
14 29 Pennsylvania $1.46 1.55
United States $1.73 1.53
15 31 Texas $1.36 1.46
16 13 Massachusetts $2.46 1.42
17 27 Illinois $1.47 1.33
18 10 Rhode Island $2.67 1.28
19 26 Nevada $1.50 1.17
20 38 Virginia $1.05 1.15
21 22 Mississippi $1.65 1.14
22 36 Tennessee $1.12 1.11
23 15 Hawaii $2.20 1.03
24 39 North Carolina $1.03 1.01
25 37 Missouri $1.09 0.97
26 21 Colorado $1.77 0.88
27 46 Alabama $0.83 0.87
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Living AIDS Rate and Funding per Capita
Rank AIDS
Rate
Rank $ per
CapitaState
Funding per
Capita
AIDS Rate
per 1,000
28 40 Washington $1.01 0.87
29 45 Arkansas $0.83 0.81
30 41 Arizona $0.96 0.81
31 34 Oregon $1.16 0.79
32 35 Michigan $1.15 0.70
33 30 New Mexico $1.43 0.68
34 51 Kentucky $0.66 0.67
35 52 Ohio $0.65 0.65
36 53 Indiana $0.63 0.63
37 42 Oklahoma $0.94 0.63
38 6 Alaska $3.00 0.50
39 49 Kansas $0.71 0.50
40 44 Nebraska $0.88 0.47
41 43 Minnesota $0.90 0.47
42 54 Utah $0.47 0.46
43 28 New Hampshire $1.46 0.45
44 33 West Virginia $1.17 0.43
45 47 Wisconsin $0.80 0.41
46 23 Maine $1.63 0.41
47 8 Vermont $2.85 0.38
48 50 Iowa $0.69 0.31
49 17 Montana $2.00 0.21
50 48 Idaho $0.79 0.21
51 14 Wyoming $2.43 0.20
52 4 Guam $3.90 0.20
53 32 South Dakota $1.18 0.18
54 25 North Dakota $1.52 0.13
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Hypothetical Model
• If: prevention $ / capita was weighted by the average risk of acquiring HIV in that state (assuming equal behavior)
• If: PLWA is currently our best measure for all states
• Then:
• Relative risk = (state PLWA per capita)
(mean PLWA per capita)
• For each state,
$/capita = (mean $ / capita) * (relative risk)
• State $ = (state population) * (mean $/capita) * relative risk
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Example
• Georgia:Georgia 2007 Funding = $15,491,149
Georgia 2007 Population = 9,544,750
Georgia 2007 Living AIDS Cases = 18,011
U.S. Funding per Capita = $1.73
U.S. AIDS Rate per 1,000 = 1.53
• $/capita = (mean $ / capita) * (relative risk)Georgia Model Funding per Capita = ($1.73) * (1.89/1.53)
Georgia Model Funding per Capita = $2.14
Georgia Model Funding = ($2.14) * Population
Georgia Model Funding = ($2.14) * 9,544,750
Georgia Model Funding = $20,405,671
If funding were based on model, Georgia would see an increase of $4.9 m
Funding per Capita = $1.62
AIDS Rate per 1,000 = 1.89
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Redistribution of Funding Based on Model
Order StateWhat Model
PredictsActual
Amount increase /
decrease
% increase /
decrease1 Florida $54,448,735 $37,114,999 $17,333,736 46.7%
2 California $74,301,524 $65,179,685 $9,121,839 14.0%
3 Texas $39,585,485 $32,599,845 $6,985,640 21.4%
4 Puerto Rico $13,032,393 $7,579,007 $5,453,386 72.0%
5 Georgia $20,405,671 $15,491,149 $4,914,522 31.7%
6 New York $85,258,342 $81,138,356 $4,119,986 5.1%
7 Pennsylvania $21,793,543 $18,162,227 $3,631,316 20.0%
8 Virginia $10,051,586 $8,132,331 $1,919,255 23.6%
9 North Carolina $10,342,756 $9,294,097 $1,048,659 11.3%
10 Ohio $8,413,332 $7,510,248 $903,084 12.0%
11 Tennessee $7,742,622 $6,884,508 $858,114 12.5%
12 Alabama $4,583,940 $3,829,903 $754,037 19.7%
13 Indiana $4,553,350 $4,011,737 $541,613 13.5%
14 Illinois $19,345,225 $18,840,058 $505,167 2.7%
15 Kentucky $3,201,734 $2,793,682 $408,052 14.6%
16 Arkansas $2,589,938 $2,348,826 $241,112 10.3%
17 South Carolina $8,508,500 $8,389,512 $118,988 1.4%
18 Utah $1,367,478 $1,249,671 $117,807 9.4%
19 Missouri $6,486,173 $6,378,946 $107,227 1.7%
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Redistribution of Funding Based on Model
Order StateWhat Model
PredictsActual
Amount increase /
decrease
% increase /
decrease20 Washington $6,377,410 $6,505,354 -$127,944 -2.0%
21 Arizona $5,789,405 $6,083,430 -$294,025 -4.8%
22 Kansas $1,574,809 $1,980,268 -$405,459 -20.5%
23 Nevada $3,395,469 $3,835,348 -$439,879 -11.5%
24 Delaware $2,089,171 $2,555,017 -$465,846 -18.2%
25 Nebraska $946,018 $1,561,912 -$615,894 -39.4%
26 Guam $39,653 $675,897 -$636,244 -94.1%
27 South Dakota $166,545 $936,292 -$769,747 -82.2%
28 Oklahoma $2,576,342 $3,383,118 -$806,776 -23.8%
29 Idaho $360,280 $1,182,866 -$822,586 -69.5%
30 Connecticut $7,851,385 $8,697,330 -$845,945 -9.7%
31 North Dakota $90,636 $971,758 -$881,122 -90.7%
32 Louisiana $9,619,930 $10,585,000 -$965,070 -9.1%
33 Oregon $3,343,353 $4,338,899 -$995,546 -22.9%
34 Iowa $1,038,921 $2,068,821 -$1,029,900 -49.8%
35 Mississippi $3,785,206 $4,829,196 -$1,043,990 -21.6%
36 Wyoming $120,093 $1,271,127 -$1,151,034 -90.6%
37 West Virginia $889,371 $2,128,062 -$1,238,691 -58.2%
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Redistribution of Funding Based on Model
Order StateWhat Model
PredictsActual
Amount increase /
decrease
% increase /
decrease38 New Hampshire $666,178 $1,923,207 -$1,257,029 -65.4%
39 Virgin Islands $375,008 $1,663,671 -$1,288,663 -77.5%
40 Rhode Island $1,529,491 $2,827,517 -$1,298,026 -45.9%
41 New Mexico $1,517,028 $2,817,480 -$1,300,452 -46.2%
42 Hawaii $1,490,970 $2,822,553 -$1,331,583 -47.2%
43 Vermont $270,776 $1,768,196 -$1,497,420 -84.7%
44 Maine $608,397 $2,141,203 -$1,532,806 -71.6%
45 Alaska $388,604 $2,047,499 -$1,658,895 -81.0%
46 Montana $232,256 $1,913,559 -$1,681,303 -87.9%
47 Wisconsin $2,601,267 $4,465,692 -$1,864,425 -41.7%
48 Minnesota $2,763,280 $4,662,265 -$1,898,985 -40.7%
49 Maryland $17,767,017 $19,682,376 -$1,915,359 -9.7%
50 Michigan $8,030,393 $11,585,453 -$3,555,060 -30.7%
51 Colorado $4,855,850 $8,616,437 -$3,760,587 -43.6%
52 New Jersey $20,020,466 $24,058,962 -$4,038,496 -16.8%
53 Massachusetts $10,401,670 $15,896,805 -$5,495,135 -34.6%
54 District of Columbia $10,077,644 $20,251,263 -$10,173,619 -50.2%
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If the Model Was Applied…
• South +$18.4 m (+9.3%)
• Territories +$3.5 m (+35.6%)
• West -$4.3 m (-4.0%)
• Northeast -$8.7 m (-5.4%)
• Midwest -$9.0 m (-13.8%)
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Limitations• Other explanations for distribution of funding:
– Differences in risk behavior
– Population demographics
– How each state utilizes its prevention funding
– Supplemental state or local resources
– Difficulty in reaching people, density of regions
– Who applies for prevention money, quality of application
– Change in funding or transmission over time
– Prevention is working
– Other possible explanatory variables
• Results of distribution of funding:– We did not analyze correlation between lack of federal prevention
funding and rise in HIV transmission
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Findings
When analyzing funding based on selected variables:
• Large disparities
• Certain states receive less funding compared to others (Puerto Rico, Florida, Georgia, Virginia, and Alabama).
• Certain states receive more funding compared to others (Guam, Alaska, North Dakota, the Virgin Islands, and Wyoming).
• The South receives less funding compared to other regions.
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Findings
When analyzing funding based on the hypothetical model:
• Some of the states with the highest numbers of living AIDS cases also receive the least funding per capita (FL, CA, TX, PR, GA, NY)
• If the model was applied, the South would see the largest increase, and the Midwest the largest decrease
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Conclusion
• We hope these data and findings will help inform future funding allocation decisions at the CDC in order to improve HIV/AIDS prevention efforts.
• The AIDS Institute will continue to advocate for additional federal HIV/AIDS prevention funding.
• This presentation should not be interpreted to mean that The AIDS Institute is advocating for specific funding increases or decreases to any state, territory, or region.
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Thank You
Carl Schmid - [email protected]
Jessica Ladd - [email protected]
Offices - Washington, DC and Tampa, FL
www.theaidsinstitute.org