i

AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLAINING STRATEGIES USED BY THE

CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED ENDER’S GAME

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Formal Fulfillment of the Requirement

for Getting the Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

by:

EKO NUGROHO

A320130026

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2017

ii

TESTIMONY

I am the researcher, signed on the statement below:

Name : EKO NUGROHO

NIM : A320130026

STUDY/PROGRAM : Department of English Education

Title : An Analysis of Complaining Strategies Used by the

Characters in the Film Entitled Ender’s Game

Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no such thing as

plagiarism of the previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor

degree, nor there are opinions or masterpiece which have been written or

published by others, except those which are referred in the manuscript and

mentioned in the literary review and bibliography. Therefore, if it is proved that

there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I will hold full responsiblity.

Surakarta, 3 November 2017

The researcher

Eko Nugroho

A320130026

iii

APPROVAL

AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLAINING STRATEGIES USED BY THE

CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED ENDER’S GAME

RESEARCH PAPER

By:

Eko Nugroho

A320130026

Approved by the Consultant

(Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum)

NIK. 225

iv

ACCEPTANCE

AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLAINING STRATEGIES USED BY THE

CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED ENDER’S GAME

By:

Eko Nugroho

A320130026

Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner

School of Teaching Training and Education

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

on October, 2017

Team of Examiners:

1. Dra.Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum ( )

(Chair Person)

2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D ( )

(Member 1)

3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum ( )

(Member 2)

Dean,

Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum

NIP: 196504281993031001

v

MOTTO

NO ROOM FOR LAZINESS

MAKE THE BEST IN EVERYDAY BECAUSE TOMMOROW WILL

ALWAYS DIFFERENT

vi

DEDICATION

This research paper is specially dedicated to:

My beloved father

( Sunarno )

My beloved mother

( Wiyati )

My Cute Sister

( Ayu Dwi Tianingsih )

( Zhafirah Nuria Azzahra )

vii

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

Assalamualaikum wr.wb.

Alhamdulillahirrobbil’alamiin, in the name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The

Most Merciful and all praises be upon Allah SWT, Lord of the world who has given

His divine guidance and direction so that the researcher can finish the research paper

with the title “AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLAINING STRATEGIES USED BY

THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED ENDER’S GAME” as a partial

fulfillment of requirements for the graduate degree of education.

However, the researcher realizes that she would not be able to complete the

research paper without the help, guidance, and support from other people. Therefore,

the researcher would like to express her gratitude thanks to:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training and

Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who has given the

legalization towards her research paper,

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., Head of English Department of Muhammadiyah

University of Surakarta who has given the researcher permission to conduct the

research,

3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum., his beloved consultant who has kindly given

her suggestion, advice and correction for her research paper,

4. M Thoyibi, the academic consultants who have kindly guided and given advice

during the studies at UMS,

5. All lecturers of English Department of School of Teacher Training and Education

who has given knowledge, guidance, experience during in doing my research

paper,

6. His beloved parents: Mr. Sunarno and Mrs. Wiyati, for prayers, guidance, support,

affection and pure love given to the researcher,

viii

7. Hiss beloved sister: Ayu Dwi Tia Ningsih and Zhafirah Nuria Azzahara, for pure

love, smile, and funny moment that is given to the researcher,

8. His beloved friends, Jendro Wahyulistiono and Yusron Septiadi for all of her

support and dedication,

9. English Education Student and Organization, thank you for crazy experience in 3

years.

10. His beloved partner in EDSO; Ibnu, Febri, Dwiki, Fathoni, Tafsir, Sholihah,

Ambar, Tiar, Putik, Rifki, Pras, Azizah, Ndari, Niftah, Ali, Fikri, Tika, Adi,

Septri, Ulfa, Yunia, Putri, Aryo, Aulia, Adit, Jannah, Faisal, Hendrawan, Rahma,

Azwin, Bagas, Ami, Octa.

11. His beloved Dramateur, Milda, Fatma, Nito, Dewi, Dwi, Dian, Riska, Lasmi,

Rara, Andika, Willy, Lita, Alam, Putut, Martha, Ovina, Elya, Keke, Osa, Hanifah,

Yaumil Firda, Yusron, Jendro, Angga, Faiz, Rizka, Lusi, Yusti, Alvi, Rida, and

Seli for all of their support, guidance, experience and love.

12. His all awesome DEE friends. Thank you.

13. His partner of business, nito, rara, uray, yusron, jendro, aulia that including in the

name of Hualahumba.

14. All of the people who cannot be mentioned one by one here,

Finally, this researcher realizes that this paper is still far from being perfect.

However, the research is expected to give a significant contribution for the readers

especially who are interested in such research and the writer would be glad to

accept any criticism to make this research paper better. The researcher hopes that

this paper will be useful for all the readers, especially students of English

Department.

Wassalamu’alaikum wr.wb

Surakarta, 17 October 2017

Eko Nugroho

ix

Eko Nugroho. A320130026. AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLAINING

STRATEGIES USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED

ENDER’S GAME. Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Pendidikan.Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakaerta. 2017

Abstrak

Fokus penelitian ini adalah ekspresi ungkapan keluhan yang digunakan

semua tokoh di dalam Ender’ Game. Penelitian ini menganalisis dua tujuan yaitu

untuk mendeskripsikan strategi-strategi ungkapan keluhan yang digunakan oleh

semua tokoh. Tujuan kedua untuk mendeskripsikan strategi kesopanan dari ekspresi

ungkapan complain yang digunakan oleh semua tokoh di dalam film Ender’ Game.

Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang merupakan tipe dari penelitian ini.

Data penelitian ini diambil dari ungkapan ungkapan yang digunakan oleh semua

tokoh dalam film Ender’s Games. Dalam metode pengambilan data, peneliti

menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dan observasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini

menunjukan bahwa (1) ada 15 strategi-strategi ungkapan keluhan oleh semua tokoh

di dalam film Ender’s Games. Peneliti menemukan 14 ungkapan termasuk teguran

eksplisit atau kiasan (13,2%), 10 ungkapan termasuk ekspresi kejengkelan atau

celaan (9,4%), 9 ungkapan termasuk konsekuensi buruk (8,5%), 6 ungkapan

termasuk tuduhan langsung (5,7%), 2 ungkapan termasuk tuduhan secara tidak

langsung (1,9%), 6 ungkapan termasuk menyalahkan (5,7%), 1 ungkapan termasuk

kecaman jelas terhadap tindakan (1%), 2 ungkapan termasuk kecaman jelas terhadap

pelaku (1,9 %), 5 ungkapan termasuk meminta pertanggungjawaban (4,7%), 8

ungkapan termasuk ekpresi kekecewaan (7,6%), 7 ungkapan termasuk ancaman

(6,6%), 5 ungkapan termasuk peringatan (4,7%), 9 ungkapan termasuk kritik atau

teguran (8,5%), 16 ungkapan termasuk ekspresi meminta atau memerintah (15%), 6

ungkapan termasuk larangan (5,7%). Strategi keluhan yang paling dominan atau

banyak digunakan adalah ekspresi meminta atau memerintah. Kebanyakan ungkapan

meminta atau memerintah di dalam strategi ini adalah berasal dari percakapan antara

remaja dengan remaja. Ada 8 ungkapan diantara mereka. Karakter di dalam film ini

cenderung mengungkapkan keluhan dengan cara mengungkapakan mohon, tolong

matikan, berhenti, kembalilah dan tinggalkan kita. (2) peneliti juga menemukan 4

tipe strategi kesopanan berdasarkan teori dari Brown dan Levinson. Peneliti

menemukan 18 ungkapan termasuk bald on record (39,19%), 8 ungkapan termasuk

kesantunan positif (17,39%), 12 ungkapan termasuk kesantunan negatif (26,09%), 8

ungkapan termasuk off record (17,39%). Tipe strategi kesopanan yang paling banyak

digunakan oleh karakter di dalam film Ender’s Game adalah bold on record.

Kata kunci: strategi keluhan, strategi kesantunan, karakter, konteks

x

Eko Nugroho. A320130026. AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLAINING

STRATEGIES USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED

ENDER’S GAME. Research Paper. School of Teacher and Training Education.

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2017

Abstract

This research focuses on complaint utterance used by characters in Ender’

Game movie. This research analyzes two objectives (1) to describe the

complaining strategies used by the characters (2) to describe the politeness

strategies of the complaining utterances used by the characters in the film

entitled Ender’s Game. The researcher takes qualitative research as the type of

this study. The data of this research are the utterance used by the characters in

the Ender’s Game. The data sources are the movie script entitled Ender’s Game.

In the collecting data, the researcher uses the documentation and observation

technique. The result of the research shows that (1) fifteen types of complaint

strategies used by characters in Ender’s Game movie. The researcher finds 14

utterances belonging to no explicit reproach or hint (13,2%), 10 utterances

belonging to expression of annoyance or disapproval (9,4%), 9 utterances

belonging to ill consequences (8,5%), 6 utterances belonging to direct accusation

(5,7%), 2 utterances belonging to indirect accusation (1,9%), 6 utterances

belonging to modified blame (5,7%), 1 utterances belonging to explicit

condemnation of the accused’s action (1%), 2 utterances belonging to explicit

condemnation of the accused’s person (1,9%), 5 utterances belonging to asking

for responsibility (4,7%), 8 utterances belonging to expressing of disappointment

(7,6%), 7 utterances belonging to threatening (6,6%), 5 utterances belonging to

warning (4,7%), 9 utterance belonging to criticizing or admonishing (8,5%), 16

utterances belonging to requesting or ordering (15 %), and 6 utterances

belonging to prohibition (5,7%). The complaint strategies utterance used by the

characters that is dominant in the film entitled Ender’s Game is requesting or

ordering. The most number of data in this strategy is between teenager to

teenager. There are 8 utterances. The characters in this movie tend to use

complaint utterance by using please, turn it off, stop it, stay back, and leave us

now. (2) The researcher also found 4 types of politeness strategies in the film

entitled Ender’s Game based on Brown and Levinson’s theory. The researcher

finds 18 utterances belonging to bold on record (39,13%), 8 utterances belonging

to positive politeness (17,39%), 12 utterances belonging to negative politeness

(26,09%), 8 utterances belonging to off record (17,39%). Type of politeness

strategy which is dominant in the film entitled Ender’s Game is bald on record.

Keyword: complaint strategies, politeness strategy, characters, context.

xi

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE ........................................................................................................ i

TESTIMONY ............................................................................................ ii

APPROVAL ............................................................................................. iii

ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................ iv

MOTTO .................................................................................................... v

DEDICATION .......................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................ vii

ABSTRACK ............................................................................................. ix

ABSTRACK ............................................................................................. x

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................ xi

LIST OF TABLE ...................................................................................... xiv

LIST OF APPENDICES .......................................................................... xv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the study .......................................... 1

B. Limitation of the Study ........................................... 3

C. Problem Statement .................................................. 4

D. Objective of the Study ............................................ 4

E. Benefit of the Study ................................................ 4

F. Research Paper Organization .................................. 4

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

A. THEORITICAL REVIEW ............................ 6

1. Pragmatic ....................................................... 6

a. Notion of Pragmatic ................................. 6

b. Socio-Pragmatic ......................................... 7

2. Context ............................................................. 8

3. Pragmatic Principles ........................................ 9

a. Implicature ................................................ 9

xii

b. Presupposition .......................................... 9

c. Deixis ........................................................ 9

d. Speech act ................................................. 9

4. Speech Act Theory .......................................... 10

a. Notion of Speech Act ................................ 10

b. Classification of Speech Act ...................... 10

5. Expressive Utterance ....................................... 11

a. Notion of Expressive Utterance ................. 11

6. Directive Utterance .......................................... 12

a. Notion of Directive Utterance ................... 12

7. The Act of Complaining .................................. 12

a. Definition of Complaint ............................. 12

b. Directness levels of Complaint .................. 13

c. Indirectness levels of Complaint ............... 14

d. Complaint Strategies ................................. 15

8. Politeness ......................................................... 19

a. Notion of Politeness .................................. 19

b. Politeness Strategies ................................. 20

B. Previous Study ........................................................ 34

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Method ....................................................... 40

B. Research Types ......................................................... 40

C. Research Object ........................................................ 40

D. Data and Data Source ................................................. 40

E. Method of Collecting Data ........................................ 40

F. Technique for Analyzing Data ................................. 41

xiii

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

A. Research finding ....................................................... 42

1. Complaint Strategy ............................................. 42

2. Politeness of Complaint Strategy ........................ 82

B. Discussion ................................................................. 91

1. Complaint Strategy ............................................ 93

2. Politeness of Complaint Strategy ....................... 94

3. Complaint and Politeness Connection ............... .94

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion .................................................................. 99

B. Implication .................................................................. 100

C. Suggestion ................................................................... 102

BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................... 103

APPENDIX ............................................................................................... 105

xiv

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE

4.1 Complaint Strategy ................................................................ 91

4.2 Politeness Strategy of Complaint Utterance ........................ 92

4.3 Complaint and Politeness Strategy Connection .................. 92

xv

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Data Source of the Research .............................................. 117

Appendix 2. Data of the Research .......................................................... 156