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An Autonomous Reactivity Control System
In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor
Oleksiy Fomin
National Science Center "Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology", Ukraine
e-mail: fomax.ua @ gmail.com
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
232Th 233Th
233Pa
233U 234U 235U 236U 237U
T½ = 22.2 min
T½ = 27 days
237Np
T½ = 6.75 days
238U 239U
239Np
239Pu 240Pu 241Pu 242Pu 243Pu
T½ = 23.5 min
T½ = 2,35 days
243Am
T½ = 4.98 hours
241Am
T½ = 14,3 years
Th-U fuel cycle
U-Pu fuel cycle
Nuclear fuel reproduction
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
Lev Feoktistov (USSR, 1988):
Nuclear Burning Wave
L.P. Feoktistov. Preprint IAE-4605/4, 1988.
L.P. Feoktistov. Sov. Phys. Doklady, 34 (1989) 1071.
Fertilezone
Breedingzone
Burningzone
Extinctionzone
Nuclearasheszone
238U (n,) 239U () 239Np () 239Pu (n,fission) ... T1/2 2.35 days
Concept & Analytical approach
Feoktistov
criterion
2
8 8 Pu2 Pua a f
n nD vn N N
t z
88 8 ;a
Nvn N
t
98 8 9
1a
Nvn N N
t
Pu9 PuPu
1a f
NN vn N
t
x z Vt 8 8Pu a
eq Pu Pu
f a
NN
( 1)
ai iPu icr Pu
f
NN
Pu Pu
eq crN N
Goldin & Anistratov (USSR, 1992): Nuclear Burning Wave Deterministic approach
V. Goldin, D. Anistratov. Preprint IMM RAS # 43 U-Pu fuel cycle 1d non-stationary problem
Edward Teller (USA, 1997): Traveling Wave Reactor Monte Carlo simulation
E.Teller. Preprint UCRL-JC-129547, LLNL Th-U fuel cycle
Hiroshi Sekimoto (Japan, 2001): CANDLE Deterministic approach
H.Sekimoto et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., 139, 306 U-Pu fuel cycle Stationary problem: x = z + Vt
238U
239Pu
Fission Products
NBW Fuel Burn-Up
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
L z
r
R
L
ign
j ext
Breeding zone
Ignition zone
238 U 100 % 238 U
90 %
239 Pu
10 %
2D Non-Stationary Theory of Nuclear Burning Wave
S. Fomin, Yu. Mel’nik, V. Pilipenko, N. Shul’ga, A. Fomin (1st IC “Global 2009”, Paris, paper 9456)
Nuclear Burning Wave
/ / / / / /
/ / /
1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1
( ) ( )
g g gg g g g g g g g g g
a in mod in modg
gG Gg g g j j g g j j j g g g
f f f d l f f l d l l inj l j lg g g
rD Dv t r r r z z
C
( 1) ( 1) ( 1)
g gg glal l l c l l l
g g
NN N
t
Non-Stationary Nonlinear Multi-Group Diffusion Equation of Neutron Transport
Together with Fuel Burn-up Equations and Equations of Nuclear Kinetics
of Precursor Nuclei of Delayed Neutrons
96 6
NN
t
10
1,4,5,6,7
gg
fl l
l g
NN
t
( )j
j j j g g gll l l f f l
g
CC
t
Metal fuel (44%)
Pb-Bi coolant (36%)
CM - Fe (20%)
jext ~ 1015 cm-2 s-1
toff = 400 days
( 1 8);, l
Example: Metallic fuel 232Th (62%) + 238U (38%) volume fraction = 55%,
fuel porosity p = 0.20; Coolant (Pb-Bi eutectic) vol. frac. = 30%,
Constr. materials (Fe) vol. frac. = 15%; R = 215 cm
L z
r
R
L зап
Jext
Breeding zone
Ignition zone
238 U 50 % 238 U
90 %
239 Pu
10 %
232Th 50 %
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
NBW reactor with mixed Th-U-Pu fuel cycle
Fuel burn-up for Th-U-Pu cycle
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
Reactor composition (vol. frac.):
Fuel = 55% (FTh = 62%, p = 0.20), Coolant = 30%, CM = 15%, R = 215 cm
- negative feedback on reactivity - intrinsic safety
- long-term (decades) operation without refueling and external control
- possibility of 232Th and 238U utilization as a fuel
- fuel burn-up depth for both 238U and 232Th ≈ 50%
- neutron flux in active zone ≈ 2·1015 n/сm2s
- neutron fluence during the whole reactor campaign ≈ 3·1024 n/сm2
- energy production density in active zone ≈ 200 W/сm3
- total power at the steady-state regime ≈ 1.2 GW
- wave velocity at the steady-state regime ≈ 2 сm/year
- possibility of nuclear waste burn out (expected)
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
Main features of NBW reactor with mixed Th-U-Pu fuel cycle
Perturbation of integral neutron flux Fint (1022 cm/s) caused by an external neutron source
via time t (days). The source with intensity Qext = 21011 (cm-3 s-1) starts at t0 = 0 days,
lasts during 1 hour and is situated at 160 < z < 170 cm
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
5
10
15
20
25
30 a)
int
t-t0
Stability of the NBW Regime
R = 230 cm
≈ 2.5 days
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
Evolution of the volume-averaged neutron flux Fav (1015 cм-2 с-1) and concentrations Nav (1017 cm-3)
of the main fissile and intermediate nuclides in the fuel of mixed ThUPu cycle with time t (days) at the
initial stage of the neutron flux perturbation t0 = 3650 days. The averaged nuclide concentrations: NNp
is for 239Np, NPa = NPa - 53.1·1017 cm-3, is for 239Pu is for 233U.
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
t - t0
av
0
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
~
~
NNp
NPa
NPu
NU
~
Nav
av
Negative Reactivity Feedback: Stability of the NBW Regime
0Pu Pu Pu 1t
N N N
0
U U U 1,
tN N N
≈ 2.5 days
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
Variation of the reactivity ρ (dollars) with time t (days)
along the variation of the volume-averaged neutron flux Fav (1015 cм-2 с-1)
Negative Reactivity Feedback: Stability of the NBW Regime
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
t - t0
av
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
av
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
Temperature and Power Analysis (U-Pu cycle)
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
Temperature and Power Analysis
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
ARC respond to ULOHS
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
ARC and NBW interaction at ULOHS
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
ARC and NBW interaction at ULOHS
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
ARC at NBW Restart
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015
ARC and NBW Feedback at Cooling Restart
Our publications:
S. Fomin et al., Annals of Nuclear Energy, 32 (2005) 1435-1456.
S. Fomin et al., Problems of Atomic Science & Technology, 6 (2005) 106-113.
S. Fomin et al., Nuclear Science & Safety in Europe. Springer (2006) 239-251.
S. Fomin et al., Problems of Atomic Science & Technology, 3 (2007) 156–163.
S. Fomin, Reactor Physics and Technology. PINP WS, St-Perersburg, XL-XLI (2007) 154-198.
S. Fomin et al., Progress in Nuclear Energy, 50 (2008) 163-169.
Yu.Mel’nik et al., Atomic Energy, 107 (2009) 288-295.
S. Fomin et al., Progress in Nuclear Energy, 52 (2011) 800-805.
O. Fomin et al., Proc. Of Glodal 2015, September 20-24 (2015) Paris, Paper 5254.
Our conference activity:
2005 ICENES (Brussels, Belgium) IC058; NATO-ARW NSSE (Yalta, Ukraine); IAEA-RCM ADS (Minsk, Belarus)
2006 ICAPP’06 (Reno, USA) paper 6157; NPAE (Kiev); QEDSP’06 (Kharkov); INES-2 (Yokohama, Japan)
2007 ICAPP’07 (Nice, France) paper 7499; WS PINP (St-Perersburg, Russia); IAEA-RCM ADS (Roma, Italy)
2008 Channeling’08 (Erice, Italy); NATO-ARW SNE (Yalta, Ukraine) | NPQCD (Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine)
2009 IAEA-RCM ADS (Vienna, Austria), ANIMMA (Marseille, France); Global 2009 (Paris, France) paper 9456
2010 IAEA-RCM ADS (Mumbai, India); PINP WS (St-Perersburg, Russia); ICAPP (San Diego, USA) paper 10302
NPAE (Kiev); IAEA-TWG-FR (Brussels, Belgium); 19 ICPRPRMS (Alushta, Ukraine); INES-3 (Tokyo, Japan)
2011 IAEA-TWG-FR (Beijing, China); NSC KIPT SS (Alushta, Crimea); QEDSP’11 (Kharkov, Ukraine);
IAEA-TWG-FR (Chinnai, India); IAEA-TWG-FR (Vienna, Austria)
2012 IAEA-TWG-FR (Vienna, Austria); IAEA-TWG-FR (Argonne, USA); NPAE-4(Kiev , Ukraine) 2013 FR13 (Paris, France)
An Autonomous Reactivity Control System In The Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor Oleksiy Fomin
IAEA TM on Passive Shutdown Systems for LMFR Vienna, 20-22 October 2015