an experiential approach to organization development 7 th edition chapter 16 slide 1 chapter 16 the...
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An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 1
Chapter 16Chapter 16
The Challenge and the The Challenge and the
Future for Organizations Future for Organizations
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 2
Learning Objectives (part 1 of 2)
Understand basic issues in using OD as
approach to planned change.
Recognize ways of maintaining, internalizing,
and stabilizing change program.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 3
Learning Objectives (part 2 of 2)
Identify some of the future trends and
problems facing the OD practitioner.
Understand process of terminating
practitioner-client relationship.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 4
Company of the Future (part 1 of 2)
Company of the future will attract and retain
talented employees by developing different
kind of workplace.
Powerful mission is magnet and motivator.
Culture that values learning is key.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 5
Company of the Future (part 2 of 2)
Core reality is old saying that a company’s
people are its most important asset.
Collaboration essence of the organization.
Create flexibility, resiliency, speed, and
creativity.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 6
The Future Organization
A constantly changing organization.
An organization that is flexible and able to
quickly change.
Higher educational levels mean increase in
motivational needs.
Change is never ending.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 7
Monitor and Stabilize Action Programs
Feedback.
Stabilize the change.
Evaluate the OD program results.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 8
Feedback of Information
Information returned to participants.
Commitment reinforced by feedback.
Program effectiveness measured by degree
problems corrected.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 9
Stabilization of Change
Acceptance and adoption of change.
Guard against “fade out.”
Reinforcement necessary.
Continue assessment of change during later
periods.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 10
Evaluation of OD Programs(part 1 of 2)
Evaluations important for 3 groups:
1. Key decision makers.
2. OD participants.
3. OD specialists.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 11
Evaluation of OD Programs(part 2 of 2)
Three factors determine evaluation process:
1. Training of OD specialist.
2. Cooperation of organization members.
3. Willingness of decision makers to pay for
evaluation.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 12
Termination of Practitioner-Client Relationship
Termination of relationship final stage of OD.
Relationship ends when practitioner or client
believes little more can be accomplished.
Disengagement will likely call for gradual
reduction of practitioner’s help.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 13
Developing Self-Renewal Capacity
Self-renewal means building innovation into
organization’s values.
Self-renewing organization constantly able to
innovate.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 14
Termination and Disengagement from Client System
Client and practitioner agree on reduced
involvement.
Involvement does not drop to zero, but may
continue at low level.
The door always open for further work.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 15
Conditions Supporting OD’s Success
Organization under pressure to improve.
Change begins at top of organization.
Top management actively participates.
New ideas developed at several levels.
Innovation and experimentation used to develop
solutions.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 16
OD in Practice: War of Warehouse Stores (part 1 of 3)
Costco and Sam’s Club warehouse stores both
started in 1983.
Some Analysts say Costco pays workers too
much compared to competition such as
Sam’s Club.
But some analysts look at productivity figures
and not just hourly wages.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 17
OD in Practice (part 2 of 3)
Costco CEO Sinegal says, “ Paying your
employees well is not only the right thing to
do but it makes for good business.”
Business Week magazine ran the numbers on
the two warehouse stores and found
underlying results of 2 strategies.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 18
OD in Practice (part 3 of 3)
Costco Sam’s Club
Average hourly wage $15.97 $11.52
Covered by health plan 82% 47%
Labor and overhead costs 9.8% of
sales
17% of
sales
Sales per square foot $795 $516
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 19
Emerging Issues and Values
OD is a growing, developing, and changing field
of study.
OD still in transition, which makes it difficult to
define what is an OD intervention.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 20
Is OD Fad or Discipline?
OD has over 40 years of background history.
OD appears to be primary method for helping
organizations adjust to change.
Managers may use interventions as quick fixes.
OD required even more as rate of change
increases.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 21
Dilemmas for OD Practitioners
Some question OD because ill-defined.
Lack of evidence for some OD interventions.
No accreditation program of OD practitioners.
OD overemphasizes human interventions.
Difficult for OD to deal with distrust, power, and
conflict.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 22
Future Trends in OD
Organization
transformation (OT).
Shared vision.
Innovation.
Trust.
Empowerment.
Learning organization.
Reengineering.
Core competencies.
Organizational
architecture.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 23
Macrosystem Trends in OD
Impact of culture change.
Total resource utilization.
Centralization vs. decentralization.
Conflict resolution.
Interorganization collaboration.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 24
Interpersonal Trends in OD
Merging line and staff functions.
Resource linking.
Integrating quality and productivity.
Diversity.
Networking.
Rewarding.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 25
Individual Trends in OD
Intrinsic worth.
Change in individuals.
Effects of thinking.
Health and fitness.
Interdependence.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 26
The Future of OD
OD will deal with changing workforce, global
competence, and transformation.
OD is expanding and vital technology.
Need for more studies on OD interventions.
OD needs to deal effectively with external
systems and power-coercive problems.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 27
Our Changing World: No Job Is Safe - Never Will Be (part 1 of 4)
What you will be doing in future will constantly
change.
The career you are preparing for now will likely
not be career you pursue for much of your
life.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 28
Our Changing World (part 2 of 4)
Career suggestions include:
• Avoid jobs that can be broken down into
repeatable steps.
• Search for jobs that require flexibility, problem-
solving, creativity, and lifetime of learning.
• Work that relies on complex communication skills
will probably not be outsourced.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 29
Our Changing World (part 3 of 4)
Additional career suggestions:
• Jobs that require frequent interactions with other
people will flourish.
• Employees with good people skills and employees
with multicultural teams will have advantage.
• Get a college education and then keep going to
college.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 30
Our Changing World (part 4 of 4)
Warren Bennis, OD practitioner, says:
“No job is safe. Never will be. The half-life of
any particular skill is, at most, five years.
And that’s on the long side. What will keep
you alive? Be curious, be willing to learn,
have a moral compass and know what
gives your life meaning.”
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 31
Key Words and Concepts
Feedback - required to determine whether to
modify, continue, or discontinue activities.
Individual trends - future trend of OD that
focuses on personal level.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 32
Interpersonal trends - future trend of OD that
focuses on team and group dynamics.
Macrosystem trends - future trend of OD that
focuses on organizational system.
Reconfigurable - an organization that is
flexible and able to change.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 7 th edition Chapter 16Slide 33
Self-renewal - building innovation and
commitment to change into organization’s
values.
Stabilizing the changes - preventing
deterioration of the change efforts and
reverting to previous behaviors.