an overview on formulaic competence

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An overview on An overview on formulaic competence formulaic competence Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo Semana de Letras – Faculdade Pitágoras – Vitória Outubro 2008

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Page 1: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

An overview on formulaic An overview on formulaic competencecompetence

Prof. Rogério Pereira AzeredoSemana de Letras – Faculdade Pitágoras – Vitória Outubro 2008

Page 2: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Linguistic Competence

CHOMSKY(1959, 1965)

Linguistic Competence( grammatical)

Sociolinguistic Competence

HYMES( 1967, 1972)

2Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 3: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Grammatical Competence

CANALE & SWAIN ( 1980)

Linguistic Competence( language as a system)

Socio-cultural Competence

CURRENT PROPOSAL

Strategic Competence

Sociolinguistic Competence

Discourse Competence

Formulaic Competence ( language as lexical chunks and routines)Paralinguistic Competence

CANALE ( 1983)

Grammatical Competence

Strategic Competence

Sociolinguistic Competence

Strategic / Procedural Competence

Discourse Competence

(CELCE-MURCIA, 1995)

3Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 4: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

A USUAL COMBINATION OF SYNTATIC ELEMENTS:

CÃO E GATO VS . GATO E CACHORRO

PUSH THE BUTTON VS. PRESS THE BUTTON

COLLOCATIONSA USUAL CO-OCCURRENCE OF LEXICAL-SYNTATIC ELEMENTS:

VELHA COROCA DOIDO VARRIDO

BREAKNECK SPEED BLITHERING IDIOT

4Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 5: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

A set of two words( chunk) belonging to the same grammatical category, linked either by a preposition or a conjunction.

Combinability the combinations are supposed to be conventionalized ( syntax).e.g. profit and loss ( convention) vs. gains and losses ( new formation)

Adam and Eve ( the “original” couple) vs. Eve and Adam ( free combination)

Idiomaticity non-reversibility, once they carry semantic denotations:

e.g. bag and baggage de mala e cuiablack and blue roxo, cheio de hematomasheads or tails cara ou coroa

5Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 6: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

And now…….

Let’s get down to work,

shall we ?

6Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 7: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

ON

ON

FOR

FROM

IN

TO

ABOUT

IN

AT

ON

OF

OF

7Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 8: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

randomappointmentcommon handthe sakeexchange

at

in/ byof

infor

for

inby

8Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 9: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Christmas Feliz NatalNew year’s Feliz Ano Novoluck má sortecourse prato principalchance hipótese remotaparts partes sobressalentespiano piano de armáriosugar açúcar mascavofriend amigo íntimopolicy política externa

Merry

Happyhardmainoutsidespareuprightbrowncloseforeign 9Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 10: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

a party a visitbirth a messarrangements in linebusiness the beda deal at easea joke a check

care attentionpride a taska diary offenseinto consideration an examthe table an appointment

throwgivemakedomakemake

taketake

keeptakeset

paymakekeepmakefeelwritepay

accomplishtakehaveset

10Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 11: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

óbvio fatovelhovelhapapodébilgatodoido

ululanteconsumadogagácorocafuradomental

pingadovarrido

11Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 12: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

fish and bed anddeaf and rice andhit and aches andbacon and ups andladies and spick andpeace and bread andlaw and back andto and lost andhide and gismos anddead or cops and

chipsdumb

run

eggsgentlemenlove

orderfro

seekalive

breakfastbeans

pains

spandowns

butter

foundgadgets

forth

robbers12Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 13: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

high and top tosafe and heart andthunder and knife andrain or bit bycut and time andneat and side bywine and null andbirds and flesh andalive and sick andall in do or

lowsound

lightningshine

driedtidybreadbeeskicking

all

bottomsoulfork

againbit

side

bonetired

void

die13Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 14: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

Birds of a feather flock together.

If you can't beat them, join them.

It takes two to tango.

Two's company, three's a crowd.

Mais vale um pássaro na mão do que dois voando.

Eles são farinha do mesmo saco.

Se não pode com eles, junte-se a eles.

Se um não quer, dois não brigam.

Um é pouco, dois é bom, três é demais.14Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 15: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

All cats are grey in the dark.

After a storm comes a calm.

A burnt child dreads the fire.

All that glitters is not gold..

Do not kick against the pricks.

De noite todos os gatos são pardos.

Depois da tempestade vem a bonança.

Gato escaldado tem medo de água fria.

Nem tudo que brilha é ouro.

Não d~e murro em ponta de faca.15Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 16: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Matar dois coelhos com uma só cajadada.

A curiosidade matou o gato.

Quem ri por último ri melhor.

O que os olhos não vêem, o coração não sente.

Desgraça pouca é bobagem.

Kill two birds with one stone.

Curiosity killed the cat.

He laughs best who laughs last.

Far from the eyes, far from the heart.

When it rains, it pours/ It never rains but it pours.16Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 17: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Nem só de pão vive o homem..

Tal pai, tal filho.

Tudo que cai na rede é peixe.

Cavalo dado não se olham os dentes.

Quando a gato sai de casa, os ratos fazem a festa..

All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.

Like father, like son.

All’s fish that comes to the net.

Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.

When the cat’s away, the mice will play.17Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 18: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Enfim, sós!Saúde!Não tire conclusões apressadas.Pelo amor de Deus!Há quanto tempo!Suma daqui!Quem disse?Durma bem!Cuidado com o degrau!Que pena!Não tem erro!

Alone at last!Bless you!Don’t jump to conclusions!

For Heaven’s sake

Long time no see!Get lost!Says who?Sleep tight!Watch your step!What a shame/pity!

You can’t miss it!18Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 19: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

E ponto final!E agora?!Em que posso ajudá-lo?.Não há de quê!Estou falando sério!Meus pêsames!Sirva-se.Quer apostar?Para com esse papo!Não tenha pressa!Sei!

And that’s that!Now what!What can I do for you?

Don’t mention it!

I mean it!My sympathy!Help yourselfWanna bet?Cut it out!Take your time!

I see!19Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 20: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Have safe trip!Your tough luck!I beg your pardon?Shame on you!After you.To make a long story short…Time’s up!Act your age!Big deal!Count me out!Attaboy!

Boa viagem!Azar o seu!Como? Poderia repetir?

Que vergonha!Tenha a bondade de passar

Para encurtar a história…

O tempo acabou!Não seja infantil!Grande coisa!Não conte comigo!

Muito bem! Bravo!20Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 21: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Good riddance!It’s up to you!I beg your pardon?Heaven forbid!After you.I’ll be right back!Here’s to…..The floor is yours!Serves you right!Encore!Cross my heart!

Já vai tarde!Você quem sabe!Como? Poderia repetir?

Deus me livre!Tenha a bondade de passar

Já volto!Um brinde a….A palavra é sua!Bem feito!Bis!

Juro por Deus!21Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

Page 22: An Overview on Formulaic Competence

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo 22

1 CELCE-MURCIA, Marianne. The elaboration of sociolinguisticcompetence: implication for teacher education. In

Georgetown University Round table of languages and linguistics 1995. 1995,699-710

3 TAGNIN, Stella Ortweiler .Expressões idiomáticas e convencionais. São Paulo: Editora Ática,1989

2 HILL, Jamie, LEWIS, Michael (editors). LTP Dictionary of selected collocations. London: LTP Language. 1999