analysis of 2015 cites export quotas 72_9 analysis... · o tubipora musica/malaysia: new quotas...

UNEP-WCMC technical report

Analysis of 2015 CITES

export quotas

(Version edited for public release)

2 Analysis of 2015 CITES export quotas

Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional

Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels,

Belgium

Published June 2015

Copyright European Commission 2015

Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2015. Analysis of 2015 CITES export quotas. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.

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3 Contents

Executive summary .................................................................................................................................... 4

Table 1: New or increased quotas in 2015 that may require further review. ............................. 4

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 5

Species with new quotas in 2015 ............................................................................................................... 7

Species with increased quotas in 2015 ...................................................................................................... 9

Species with decreased quotas in 2015 ..................................................................................................... 11

Table 2: Species subject to newly established quotas in 2015. ................................................... 12

Table 3: Species subject to increased quotas in 2015. ................................................................. 21

Table 4: Species subject to decreased quotas in 2015. ............................................................... 26

4 Executive summary This report analyses the newly published 2015 CITES export quotas and highlights any cases that may potentially require particular attention by the SRG and/or further in-depth review. The selection of 2015 quotas that may require further review is summarised in Table 1.

Table 1: New or increased quotas in 2015 that may require further review.

Quota

change

Country Taxon 2015

quota

Notes

New Fiji Various Scleractinia spp. various New quotas published for five species and eight

genera.

Indonesia Echinophyllia spp. 1500 live Eleven species within this genus reported to occur

in Indonesia. Identification to genus level is

acceptable as per Notification No. 2013/035.

Malaysia Varanus spp. (Sabah) 3000 Five species reported to occur in Malaysia

(Böhme, 2003; Pianka et al., 2004). Varanus

salvator is common, widespread (Pianka et al.,

2004) and LC; V. bengalensis is LC; other taxa not

yet assessed by IUCN. V. dumerilii and

V. rudicollis are rare in populated areas and little

known (Pianka et al., 2004).

Various corals (Peninsular

and Sabah)

various Stony and soft corals: new quotas were published

for two species and 19 coral genera from

Peninsular Malaysia, and for seven species and

46 genera from Sabah.

Increase Fiji Various Scleractinia spp. various Increased quotas published for two species and

four genera.

5 Introduction This report analyses the 2015 CITES export quotas to identify any changes and to highlight any new or increased quotas that may warrant a review to determine the effects on the conservation status of the species concerned.

National export quotas for CITES-listed taxa are an important tool to manage and monitor

international wildlife trade. According to Resolution Conf. 14.7 (Rev. CoP15), the establishment or

revision of an export quota should be based on a non-detriment finding (NDF) by the Scientific

Authority of the exporting country, and the NDF should be reviewed annually. Once such annual

quotas are established, the need for an NDF for each individual shipment of the species

concerned is eliminated.

The EU, through stricter measures outlined in the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations, requires an

NDF by importing Member States and therefore monitors newly established quotas and changes

to previous quota levels to assess the situation, where necessary, or to reassess SRG opinions or

EU decisions. Similarly, by assessing the new quotas early each year, the SRG can advise on the

treatment of anticipated import applications within the EU.

Export quotas are usually established by each Party to CITES unilaterally on a voluntary basis, but

quotas can also be set by the Conference of the Parties, or result from recommendations of the

Animals and Plants Committees. To ensure that national quotas are effectively communicated

and implemented on permits and certificates, countries should inform the CITES Secretariat

when they establish national export quotas for CITES species (Resolution Conf. 12.3 (Rev. CoP16)).

In turn, the Secretariat informs the Parties by publishing a list of national export quotas of which

it has been informed on the CITES website (www.cites.org/eng/resources/quotas/index.php).

Once published, quotas can also be accessed online via Species+ (speciesplus.net).

Quotas generally relate to a calendar year (1st January to 31st December); however, since 2008

sturgeon quotas have related to a ‘quota year’ (1st March to last day of February). For species of

Acipenseriformes, quotas should be established and communicated to the CITES Secretariat for

meat and caviar from stocks shared between different Range States (Resolution Conf. 12.7

(Rev. CoP16)). Guidance on the ‘Management of nationally established export quotas’ is available

through Resolution Conf. 14.7 (Rev. CoP15). If no quotas have been communicated to the CITES

Secretariat by 31st December of the previous year, “the relevant range States have a zero quota

until such time as they communicate their quotas in writing to the Secretariat and the Secretariat

in turn informs the Parties”, as per the recommendations detailed in Resolution Conf. 12.7

(Rev. CoP16).

In 2015, quotas for non-Acipenseriformes were first published on the CITES website on 02/02/2015

and updates were published on 31/03/2015, 30/04/2015 and 01/06/2015 (report finalised on

29/05/2015). Quotas for Acipenseriformes for the period 1st March 2015 – 29th February 2016 were

published for 13 Parties on the CITES website on 15/04/2015.

This report analyses the 2015 CITES export quotas to identify changes in quotas between 2014 and

2015 (or the most recent quota in the previous five years, including 2010) and to bring to the

attention of the SRG cases where further review may be warranted to assess how these changes

might affect the conservation status of the taxon or its area of distribution.

http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/quotas/index.php

http://speciesplus.net/

6 The report outlines:

a) Quotas that were newly established in 2015 (i.e. 2015 quotas for particular

taxon/country/term/source combinations that have not previously been subject to a

quota or have not been subject to a quota since 2010;

b) Quotas that increased in 2015 compared with 2014 quotas (or compared with the most

recent quota since 2010 if no quota was published in 2014).

c) Quotas that decreased in 2015 compared with 2014 quotas (or compared with the most

recent quota since 2010 if no quota was published in 2014).

The national export quotas published on the CITES website are voluntary export quotas

established by Parties, and their publication does not imply endorsement by the Secretariat. The

published quotas may contain discrepancies as submitted by Parties, which may lead to some

quotas erroneously being identified as new, increased or decreased quotas within this analysis.

To identify quotas that may require further in-depth review, criteria such as the level of quota

increase, time since last assessment by the SRG, IUCN listing information (IUCN, 2015) and

population status data are taken into consideration for those taxa subject to new or increased

quotas.

7 Taxa with new quotas in 2015 New quotas established in 2015 that may potentially warrant further enquiries and, pending these, further in-depth review include Varanus spp. from Malaysia, Echinophyllia spp. from Indonesia, and a number of coral species and genera from Fiji and Malaysia.

An overview of newly established quotas in 2015 is presented in Table 2. The following

taxon/country combinations may potentially warrant a more in-depth review on the basis of

newly established quotas in 2015:

1. New quotas that may warrant further review Taxa that potentially warrant review include:

Varanus spp./Malaysia (Sabah): A new quota of 3000 (term not specified) for Sabah

Province was published at genus level. Five species reported from Malaysia (Böhme,

2003; Pianka et al., 2004). Varanus salvator was reported to be common and widespread

(Pianka et al., 2004) and assessed as LC. V. bengalensis was assessed as LC, while three

other species have not been assessed by the IUCN: V. dumerilii, V. nebulosus and

V. rudicollis. V. dumerilii and V. rudicollis were reported to be rare in populated areas

and little known (Pianka et al., 2004).

Echinophyllia spp./Indonesia: A new quota of 1500 live corals was published at genus

level. Eleven species reported from Indonesia of which five were categorised as LC, two

NT, one VU, one EN, one DD, one has not yet been assessed. Identification to genus

level is acceptable as per Notification No. 2013/035. A number of coral genera were

reviewed recently (UNEP-WCMC, 2014).

Various Scleractinia species and genera/Fiji: New quotas were published for five

species (Catalaphyllia jardinei, VU; Euphyllia paraancora, VU; Tubastraea faulkneri (not

yet assessed); Tubastraea micranthus (not yet assessed) and Diploastrea heliopora, NT)

and eight genera. The eight genus level quotas account for 44 species, of which 29 were

categorised as LC, five as NT, eight as VU and two have not yet been assessed. Several

corals from Fiji were reviewed recently (UNEP-WCMC, 2015).

Corals/Malaysia: A large number of new quotas were published for stony corals and

soft corals, as described below. As a first step, the Commission may wish to contact

Malaysia to seek further information on the basis for the new quotas, including any

management plans, harvest guidelines and monitoring. New quotas were established

for the following taxa:

o Various coral species and genera/Peninsular: New quotas were published for

one species (Diploastrea heliopora, NT) and 19 coral genera. The 19 genus level

quotas include 244 species of which 98 were categorised as LC, 70 as NT, 55 as

VU, 2 as EN, 12 as DD and 7 have not yet been assessed. Malaysia published a

zero quota for all Anthozoa specimens from Sabah in 2014.

o Various stony and soft coral species and genera/Sabah: New quotas were

published for six species (Catalaphyllia jardinei, VU; Plerogyra turbida, VU;

Diploastrea heliopora, NT; Polyphyllia talpina, LC; Cynarina lacrymalis, NT; and

Trachyphyllia geoffroyi, NT) and 44 genera. The 44 genus level quotas include 361

8 species of which 157 were categorised as LC, 98 as NT, 70 as VU, five as EN, 14

as DD and 17 have not yet been assessed.

o Tubipora musica/Malaysia: New quotas were published for 1000 and 948 live,

wild specimens from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, respectively; the species

was categorised as NT globally.

o Millepora spp./Sabah: New quota was published for 2262 live specimens. Five

species occur in Malaysia, all of which are considered LC globally.

o Distichopora spp./Sabah: New quota was published for 2284 live specimens.

One species reported from Malaysia; the species has not yet been assessed by

the IUCN, but was considered common on Indo-Pacific reefs (Veron, 2000).

2. New quotas for species subject to import restrictions The following three newly-established quotas in 2015 are for species/country combinations for

which the EU has a current import suspension:

Loxodonta africana/Cameroon: New quota for 80 raw ivory (unit not specified).

Chitra chitra/Malaysia: New zero quota for live specimens.

Uroplatus sameiti/Madagascar: New zero quota for live specimens.

There were no newly-established quotas in 2015 for species/country combinations for which

the EU has a current negative SRG opinion.

3. Other quotas of note Quotas for wild-sourced specimens where the country is not a range state

Chamaeleo senegalensis/Ethiopia: New quota for 2000 individuals. No quota published

in the last five years, previously quotas for 2000 live individuals were published in

2003, 2005, 2007 and 2009. This species was categorised as LC. The species’ Western

African distribution ranges from Senegal to Cameroon; it does not appear to occur in

Ethiopia. The quota may therefore refer to captive-bred specimens.

Quotas for Scleractinia live rock/substrate

Scleractinia spp./Fiji: New quota of 315 075 kg was published for live rock.

Scleractinia spp./Malaysia: New quota of 448 000 and 120 000 was published for

substrate for Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, respectively; the unit was not specified.

Quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens Testudo horsfieldii/Uzbekistan: New quota of 5000 live captive-bred specimens, in

addition to 45 000 live ranched and 50 000 live wild-sourced specimens.

Acipenser baeri/Iran: New quotas were published for 100 kg caviar and 6000 kg meat

from aquaculture.

Acipenser ruthenus/Iran: New quota was published for 100 kg caviar from aquaculture.

Galanthus woronowii/Turkey: New quota of 2 000 000 artificially propagated bulbs, in

addition to a quota of 3 000 000 wild-taken bulbs.

9 Taxa with increased quotas in 2015 Increases in 2015 quotas compared to those established in previous years that may require further enquiries, and potentially further review, have been identified for six coral taxa from Fiji.

The full list of taxa for which quotas increased in 2015 is presented in Table 3. The text below

highlights taxon/country combinations that have been identified as potentially warranting a more

in-depth review on the basis of increased quotas in 2015.

Some taxon/country combinations had increased quotas in 2015, but had been reviewed relatively

recently, and a number of increased quotas were also published for captive born or

bred/artificially propagated specimens, or species that are subject to import restrictions.

1. Increased quotas that may warrant further review A number of coral taxa from Fiji that are globally threatened or that have not yet been assessed

were subject to increases in quotas:

Various Scleractinia/Fiji: Fiji published increased quotas for Galaxea fascicularis (NT;

88%), Pachyseris rugosa (VU; 52%), Acrhelia spp. (17%), Favia spp. (17%), Goniastrea spp.

(30%) and Pectinia spp. (11%). Several corals from Fiji were reviewed recently (UNEP-

WCMC, 2015).

2. Previously reviewed species of potential concern

The following species/country combinations may be of potential concern; however, they have

been reviewed recently and therefore a review may not be necessary at this stage:

Cyclamen cilicium/Turkey: Turkey published a quota of 200 000 wild-taken tubers, an

increase of 100% on the 2014 quota, as well as a quota of 300 000 artificially propagated

tubers, representing an increase of 50%. The species has not yet been assessed by the

IUCN. Trade in the species from Turkey was reviewed on the basis of levels of trade in

2005. Available information at that time indicated that trade was well managed, and a

positive opinion was formed on 26/05/2008 and confirmed on 16/02/2010.

Cyclamen coum/Turkey: Turkey published a quota of 700 000 wild-taken tubers, an

increase of 16.7% on the 2014 quota, as well as a quota of 250 000 artificially propagated

tubers, representing an increase of 67%. The species has not yet been assessed by the

IUCN. Trade in the species from Turkey was reviewed following an increase in quota in

2007. Available information at that time indicated that trade was well managed, and a

positive opinion was formed on 14/09/2007. The positive opinion was confirmed on

26/05/2008 and again on 16/02/2010.

10 3. Increased quotas for species subject to EU import restrictions

One species/country combination with increased quotas in 2015 is subject to current EU import

suspensions:

Pelochelys cantorii/Indonesia: Quota increased by 8% to 54 live individuals.

One species/country combination with increased quotas in 2015 is subject to current negative

opinion by the SRG.

Tillandsia xerographica/Guatemala: Quota increased by 36% to 421 570 artificially

propagated plants. Negative opinion formed on 03/12/2010 and confirmed on 07/02/2013 -

applies to artificially propagated specimens without cataphylls.

4. Other quotas of note

Quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens Increased quotas were published for seven artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens

(% increase provided in brackets, see Table 3 for details):

Colombia: Phyllobates terribilis (1%), P. aurotaenia (8%), and Dendrobates auratus (21%);

Turkey: Galanthus elwesii (100%);

United Republic of Tanzania: Stigmochelys pardalis (31%) and Malacochersus tornieri

(70%); and

Viet Nam: Crocodylus siamensis (23%).

Quotas for species/country combinations where positive opinion applies to specific quota Cameroon: Prunus africana (11%). Quota increase from 974 853 kg of dry bark to

1 082 879 kg of dry bark. Current positive opinion for wild-sourced bark is “applicable to a

total annual export quota of 974 853 kg of dry bark, divided between the following sub-

quotas: North-west region: quota of 150 000 kg of dry bark; Mount Cameroon: quota of 130

000 kg of dry bark; Adamaoua: quota of 508 990 kg of dry bark; Kilum Ijim plantlife

sanctuary: quota of 2 494 kg of dry bark; North-West region (out of community forests):

quota of 25 589 kg of dry bark; and Centre region (Mount Banda and Mount We): quota of

157 780 kg of dry bark; subject to clear indication in the export permit of the origin”.

Current negative opinion is applicable except where conditions under the positive

opinion are met.

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Prunus africana (127%). Quota increase from

102 000 kg of dry bark to 232 000 kg of dry bark. Current positive opinion is “subject to an

annual quota of 72 000 kg of dry bark from Ibathama and Mwenda regions and subject to

clear indication in the export permit of the origin”.

Quotas published by EU Member States Romania: Canis lupus (733%). Quota increase from ‘30 trophies: skull, skin’ to ‘250

trophies: skull, skin’.

11 Taxa with decreased quotas in 2015 A number of quotas published in 2015 have decreased compared to quotas published in previous years.

A list of species for which quotas decreased in 2015 is presented in Table 4. Nine countries which

published CITES export quotas in 2014 had not yet publish any quotas in 2015 at the time of

writing. In addition, Madagascar published 89 quotas in 2015, compared with 174 quotas

published in 2014; Indonesia published 45 in 2015 compared with 107 quotas in 2014; and the

Democratic Republic of Congo published three quotas in 2015 compared with 16 quotas in 2014.

Furthermore, Guyana had increased most of its published quotas on a one-off basis for 2014 to

account for a change in the quota year. Many of the quotas published by Guyana in 2015 have

returned to 2013 levels, or even 2012 levels. These quota decreases are not included in Table 4,

unless they did not return to pre-2014 levels.

1. Decreased quotas for species subject to import restrictions Two species/country combination with decreased quotas in 2015 are subject to current EU import

suspensions:

Candoia carinata/Indonesia; and

Mantella aurantiaca/Madagascar.

One species/country combination with decreased quotas in 2015 is subject to current negative

opinion by the SRG.

Python regius/Ghana (source R).

2. Other quotas of note

Quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens

Non-Acipenseriformes Decreased quotas for artificially propagated or captive born/bred specimens were published by

Colombia (four species), Ghana (one species), Nicaragua (two species), the United Republic of

Tanzania (one species) and Uzbekistan (one species) (Table 4).

Acipenseriformes Iran published decreased quotas for meat from aquacultured specimens of five species:

Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, A. nudiventris, A. persicus, A. stellatus and Huso huso; and one decreased

quota for caviar from aquacultured specimens of A. stellatus.

12

Table 2: Taxa subject to newly established quotas in 2015.

Country Taxon Appendix Annex IUCN

Red list

2015

quota Quota notes Notes1

Cameroon Loxodonta africana I/II A/B VU 80 raw ivory New quota for raw ivory, 2014 quota for 160 trophies and tusks.

Pericopsis elata II B EN 14 400 m3 logs, sawn wood and

veneer sheets

Change of term, now includes logs and veneer sheets. The 2014 quota was only for

sawn wood. Current positive opinion formed on 20/12/2005 and last confirmed

12/03/2009.

Croatia Anguilla anguilla II B CR 0 wild-taken Croatia joined the EU in 2013; all EU Member States have published zero quotas for

wild-taken specimens of this species since 2010.

Cuba Scleractinia spp. II B 20 000 kg

live rock [Note: see

Resolution Conf. 11.10

(Rev. CoP15)]

Ethiopia Civettictis civetta III C LC 3000 kg musk In 2008 and 2009, Ethiopia published a quota for 1500 kg musk from ranched

specimens. Species is widespread globally and generally common.

Chamaeleo

senegalensis II B LC 2000

No quota in the last 5 years; previously, quota for 2000 live individuals published in

2003, 2005, 2007 and 2009. The species does not appear to occur in Ethiopia; it

occurs in West Africa, from Senegal to Cameroon. The quota may therefore refer to

specimens from other sources than wild.

Fiji Scleractinia spp. II B 315 075 kg live rock

Astreopora spp. II B 2065 pieces, live or dead Six species reported from Fiji: five LC, one VU.

Leptoseris spp. II B 602 pieces, live or dead Previous zero quota 2003/4/5. Eight species reported from Fiji: five LC, two VU, one

not yet assessed.

Catalaphyllia jardinei II B VU 875 pieces, live or dead Current no opinion formed 15/01/2004.

Euphyllia paraancora II B VU 1575 pieces, live or dead

Tubastraea faulkneri II B 840 pieces, live or dead

Tubastraea micranthus II B 1750 pieces, live or dead

1 SRG opinions are for wild-sourced specimens unless stated otherwise. No opinion i) – no significant trade anticipated; No opinion ii) – decision deferred; No opinion iii) – referral to the SRG.

13 Country Taxon Appendix Annex IUCN

Red list

2015


Diploastrea heliopora II B NT 1899 pieces, live or dead

Leptastrea spp. II B 100 pieces, live or dead Three species reported from Fiji: all LC.

Acanthastrea spp. II B 2436 pieces, live or dead Six species reported from Fiji: one LC, two NT, three VU.

Symphyllia spp. II B 2303 pieces, live or dead Previous zero quota published annually from 2003 to 2009. Five species reported

from Fiji: four LC, one VU.

Echinophyllia spp. II B 3350 pieces, live or dead Five species reported from Fiji: four LC, one not yet assessed.

Oxypora spp. II B 1113 pieces, live or dead Previous zero quota from 2003 to 2005. Three species reported from Fiji, all LC.

Psammocora spp. II B 1253 pieces, live or dead No opinion i) for wild-sourced corals formed 07/11/2014.

Guyana Caiman crocodilus

crocodilus II B LC 50 leather products (small)

Other notable quotas in place for live specimens and skins. Current positive opinion

formed 14/09/2007 for Caiman crocodilus and confirmed for wild-sourced Caiman

crocodilus crocodilus on 08/12/2014.

Indonesia Crocodylus porosus I/II A/B LC 9300 skins and skin

products/live, ranched

New quota for ranched specimens. Previous quota in 2014 for same quantity and

trade terms, but no source was specified.

Morelia spilota II B 300 live

The 2015 quota was published for subspecies Morelia spilota harrisoni. Previous

quotas were published for M. s. variegata, which is restricted to Northern Australia

(Schleip and O’Shea, 2010).

Echinophyllia spp. II B 1500 live

Eleven species reported from Indonesia: five LC, two NT, one VU, one EN, one DD,

one not yet assessed. Identification to genus level is acceptable (Notification No.

2013/035).

Oxypora spp. II B 1000 live Three species reported from Indonesia: all LC. Identification to genus level is

acceptable (Notification No. 2013/035).

Iran Acipenser baerii II B EN 100 kg caviar (aquaculture)

Acipenser baerii II B EN 6000 kg meat (aquaculture)

Acipenser ruthenus II B VU 100 kg caviar (aquaculture)

Acipenser ruthenus II B VU 0 kg meat (aquaculture)

Madagascar Calumma boettgeri II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.

Current no opinion i) formed 02/12/2011.

Calumma brevicorne II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Calumma gastrotaenia II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Red list

2015



Calumma guillaumeti II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Calumma malthe II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Calumma marojezense II B NT 300 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Calumma nasutum II B LC 1000 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Calumma

oshaughnessyi II B VU 250 live

New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Calumma parsonii II B NT 300 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.

Current no opinion ii) formed 03/09/2014.

Furcifer antimena II B VU 150 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Furcifer bifidus II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Furcifer petteri II B VU 100 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Furcifer willsii II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.


Uroplatus sameiti II B LC 500 live New quota term. Previous quota for same quantity, but term was not specified.

Suspension 4.6(b) valid since 03/09/2008 and last confirmed 04/09/2014.

Malaysia

(Peninsular) Chitra chitra I A CR 0 live, wild-taken

New quota term. Previous zero quota for the same source, but term not specified.

Current suspension 4.6(b) for wild-sourced specimens since 21/05/2009 and last

confirmed 04/09/2014.

Scleractinia spp. II B 448 000 substrate Unit not specified in quota.

Acropora spp. II B 128 500 live, wild-taken

69 species reported from Malaysia: 17 LC, 19 NT, 22 VU, 10 DD and one not yet

assessed. Current no opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced Acropora spp. at genus

level from Malaysia formed 07/11/2014.

Montipora spp. II B 10 780 live, wild-taken 40 species reported from Malaysia: 14 LC, 10 NT, 14 VU, two not yet assessed.

Leptoseris spp. II B 260 live, wild-taken Nine species reported from Malaysia: eight LC, one VU.

Pachyseris spp. II B 1080 live, wild-taken Four species reported from Malaysia, two LC, one NT, one VU.


Red list

2015


Pavona spp. II B 6680 live, wild-taken 13 species reported from Malaysia: six LC, one NT, four VU, one DD, one not yet

assessed.

Euphyllia spp. II B 200 live, wild-taken

Six species reported from Malaysia: three NT, two VU, one not yet assessed.

Current no opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced raw Euphyllia spp. at genus level from

Malaysia formed 07/11/2014.

Turbinaria spp. II B 1860 live, wild-taken Six species reported from Malaysia: two LC, four VU.

Diploastrea heliopora II B NT 63 600 live, wild-taken

Echinopora spp. II B 1360 live, wild-taken Six species reported from Malaysia: three LC, three NT.

Favia spp. II B 1400 live, wild-taken Eleven species reported from Malaysia: five LC, six NT.

Favites spp. II B 1200 live, wild-taken Nine species reported from Malaysia: one LC, eight NT.

Platygyra spp. II B 1660 live, wild-taken Seven species reported from Malaysia: four LC, three NT.

Hydnophora spp. II B 360 live, wild-taken Four species reported from Malaysia: two LC, two NT.

Lobophyllia spp. II B 740 live, wild-taken

Six species reported from Malaysia: four LC, one NT, one VU. Current no opinion i)

for trade in wild-sourced Lobophyllia spp. at genus level from Malaysia formed

07/11/2014.

Symphyllia spp. II B 1240 live, wild-taken Five species reported from Malaysia: four LC, one VU.

Galaxea spp. II B 1000 live, wild-taken Two species reported from Malaysia: one NT, one VU.

Echinophyllia spp. II B 800 live, wild-taken Six species reported from Malaysia: five LC, one not yet assessed.

Pocillopora spp. II B 2400 live, wild-taken


for trade in wild-sourced Pocillopora spp. at genus level from Malaysia formed

07/11/2014.

Goniopora spp. II B 800 live, wild-taken 14 species reported from Malaysia: eight LC, five NT and one VU.

Porites spp. II B 74 420 live, wild-taken 21 species reported from Malaysia: nine LC, six NT, two VU, two EN, one DD, one

not yet assessed.

Tubipora musica II B NT 1000 live, wild-taken Current no opinion i) for wild-sourced corals formed 02/12/2011.

Malaysia

(Sabah) Varanus spp. II B 3000 all

Five species reported from Malaysia (Böhme, 2003; Pianka et al., 2004). Varanus

salvator is common and widespread (Pianka et al., 2004), and LC; V. bengalensis is

LC, while V. dumerilii, V. nebulosus and V. rudicollis have not yet been assessed by

IUCN. V. dumerilii and V. rudicollis are rare in populated areas and little known

(Pianka et al., 2004).


Red list

2015


Malaysia

(Sabah)

(cont.)

Sphyrna lewini II B EN 0 all

Sphyrna mokarran II B EN 0 all

Manta alfredi II B VU 0 all

Manta birostris II B VU 0 all

Scleractinia spp. II B 120 000 substrate Unit not specified in quota.

Acropora spp. II B 5175

live, wild-taken (not

identifiable to species

level)

69 species reported from Malaysia: 17 LC, 19 NT, 22 VU, 10 DD, one not yet

assessed. Current no opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced Acropora spp. at genus

level from Malaysia formed 07/11/2014.

Anacropora spp. II B 2006



level)

Five species reported from Malaysia: one LC, three VU, one EN.

Astreopora spp. II B 461



level)

Eight species reported from Malaysia: six LC, one NT, one VU.

Montipora spp. II B 1012



level)

40 species reported from Malaysia: 14 LC, 10 NT, 14 VU, two not yet assessed.

Leptoseris spp. II B 725



level)

Nine species reported from Malaysia: eight LC, one VU.

Pachyseris spp. II B 1120



level)

Four species reported from Malaysia, two LC, one NT, one VU.

Pavona spp. II B 1211



level)

13 species reported from Malaysia: six LC, one NT, four VU, one DD, one not yet

assessed.

Catalaphyllia jardinei II B VU 622 live, wild-taken

Euphyllia spp. II B 2425



level)

Six species reported from Malaysia: three NT and two VU and one not yet assessed.

Current no opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced raw Euphyllia spp. at genus level from


Physogyra spp. II B 675



level)

One species reported from Malaysia assessed as VU.


Red list

2015


Malaysia

(Sabah)

(cont.)

Plerogyra turbida II B VU 448 live, wild-taken

Dendrophyllia spp. II B DD 725



level)

One species reported from Malaysia: DD.

Tubastraea spp. II B 394



level)

Three species reported from Malaysia, not yet assessed by IUCN. Current no

opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced Tubastraea spp. at genus level from Malaysia

formed 07/11/2014.

Turbinaria spp. II B 3660



level)

Six species reported from Malaysia: two LC, four VU.

Caulastraea spp. II B 445



level)

Four species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT, two VU.

Cyphastrea spp. II B 448



level)

Five species reported from Malaysia, all LC.

Diploastrea heliopora II B NT 1048 live, wild-taken

Echinopora spp. II B 834



level)

Six species reported from Malaysia: three LC, three NT.

Favia spp. II B 1284



level)

Eleven species reported from Malaysia: five LC, six NT.

Favites spp. II B 1172



level)

Nine species reported from Malaysia: one LC, eight NT.

Goniastrea spp. II B 2141



level)

Eight species reported from Malaysia: five LC, three NT.

Leptastrea spp. II B 550



level)

Five species reported from Malaysia: three LC, two NT.

Montastrea spp. II B 886



level)

Six species reported from Malaysia: one LC, four NT, one VU.


Red list

2015


Malaysia

(Sabah)

(cont.)

Platygyra spp. II B 1284



level)

Seven species reported from Malaysia: four LC, three NT.

Ctenactis spp. II B 675



level)

Three species reported from Malaysia: two LC, one NT. Current no opinion i) for

trade in wild-sourced Ctenactis spp. at genus level from Malaysia formed

07/11/2014.

Cycloseris spp. II B 445



level)

One species reported from Malaysia: not yet assessed by the IUCN but reported to

be rare (Veron, 2000).

Fungia spp. II B 776



level)

Twenty species reported from Malaysia: 16 LC and one NT, three not yet assessed.

Current no opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced Fungia spp. at genus level from


Lithophyllon spp. II B 1075



level)

Three species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT, one EN.

Polyphyllia talpina II B LC 1150 live, wild-taken

Hydnophora spp. II B 774



level)

Four species reported from Malaysia: two LC, two NT.

Acanthastrea spp. II B 550



level)

Six species reported from Malaysia: one LC, three NT, two VU.

Blastomussa spp. II B 328



level)

Two species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT.

Cynarina lacrymalis II B NT 340 live, wild-taken

Lobophyllia spp. II B 1290



level)


for trade in wild-sourced Lobophyllia spp. at genus level from Malaysia formed

07/11/2014.

Scolymia spp. II B 433



level)

Two species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT.

Symphyllia spp. II B 672



level)

Five species reported from Malaysia: four LC, one VU.


Red list

2015


Malaysia

(Sabah)

(cont.)

Galaxea spp. II B 1184



level)

Two species reported from Malaysia: one NT, one VU.

Echinophyllia spp. II B 4625



level)

Six species reported from Malaysia: five LC and one not yet assessed.

Oxypora spp. II B 440



level)

Three species reported from Malaysia all LC.

Pocillopora spp. II B 2288



level)


for trade in wild-sourced Pocillopora spp. at genus level from Malaysia formed

07/11/2014.

Seriatopora spp. II B 12 738



level)

Two species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT. Current no opinion i) for trade

in wild-sourced Seriatopora spp. at genus level from Malaysia formed 07/11/2014.

Stylophora spp. II B 967



level)

Three species reported from Malaysia: one LC, one NT, one not yet assessed.

Current no opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced Stylophora spp. at genus level from


Alveopora spp. II B 435



level)

Six species reported from Malaysia: two NT, three VU, one EN.

Goniopora spp. II B 1794



level)

14 species reported from Malaysia: eight LC, five NT, one VU.

Porites spp. II B 13 500



level)

21 species reported from Malaysia: nine LC, six NT, two VU, two EN, one DD, one

not yet assessed.

Coscinaraea spp. II B 234



level)

Five species reported from Malaysia: three LC, two not yet assessed.

Psammocora spp. II B 585



level)

Eight species reported from Malaysia: five LC, two NT and one DD. Current no

opinion i) for trade in wild-sourced Psammocora spp. at genus level from Malaysia

formed 07/11/2014.

Siderastrea spp. II B 998



level)

One species (S. savignyana, LC) reported from Malaysia.


Red list

2015


Malaysia (Sabah) (cont.)

Trachyphyllia geoffroyi II B NT 440 live, wild-taken

Tubipora musica II B NT 948 live, wild-taken Current no opinion i) for wild-sourced coral formed 02/12/2011.

Millepora spp. II B 2262



level)

Five species reported from Malaysia all LC.

Distichopora spp. II B 2284



level)

One species, Distichopora violacea, reported from Malaysia, not yet assessed by

IUCN but reported to be "a common sight" on Indo-Pacific reefs (Veron, 2000).

Pectinia spp. II B 338



level)

Five species reported from Malaysia: two NT, two VU, one DD. Current no opinion i)

for trade in wild-sourced Pectinia spp. at genus level from Malaysia formed

07/11/2014.

Malaysia (Sarawak)

Aquilaria spp. II B 5000 kg wood chips, wood blocks and essential oil, wild - Sarawak.

Change of source from unspecified to wild-sourced. Current no opinion ii) formed 08/12/2014 for wild-sourced Aquilaria from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah.

Namibia Panthera pardus I A NT 250 trophies Change of purpose (quota published in 2012 specified as personal effects) [Note: see Resolution Conf. 10.14 (Rev. CoP16)].

Turkey Galanthus woronowii II B 2 000 000 artificially propagated

bulbs

New quota for artificially propagated bulbs, in addition to quota of 3 000 000 wild-

taken bulbs. Quotas published in 2012, 2013 and 2014 were for wild-sourced bulbs.

Current positive opinion formed 16/02/2010.

United

Republic of

Tanzania

Panthera pardus I A NT 500 trophies Change in term (quota published in 2012 specified trophies and skins). [Note: see

Resolution Conf. 10.14 (Rev. CoP16)].

Ukraine Various Acipenseridae II B 0 All specimens

Change in term for five Acipenseridae taxa: A. gueldenstaedtii (CR), A. nudiventris

(CR), A. ruthenus (VU), A. stellatus (CR) and Huso huso (CR). Previous zero quotas

for caviar, fertilized eggs, fingerlings and meat.

Uzbekistan Testudo horsfieldii II B VU 5000 live, captive bred

21 Table 3: Taxa subject to increased quotas in 2015.

Country Taxon Appendix Annex IUCN Red list 2013 2014 2015 Quota notes Increase % Increase Notes2

Botswana Acinonyx jubatus I A VU 5 0 5 live and

trophies 5 -

Export quotas established by the

Conference of the Parties.

Cameroon Prunus africana II B VU 634 763

kg

974 853

kg

1 082 879

kg dry bark

108026

kg 11%

Current positive opinion for wild-

sourced bark formed 30/11/2012;

last confirmed 03/09/2014 with

note: Applicable to a total annual

export quota of 974 853 kg of dry

bark, divided between the

following sub-quotas: North-west

region: quota of 150 000 kg of dry

bark; Mount Cameroon: quota of

130 000 kg of dry bark;

Adamaoua: quota of 508 990 kg of

dry bark; Kilum Ijim plantlife

sanctuary: quota of 2 494 kg of dry

bark; North-West region (out of

community forests): quota of 25

589 kg of dry bark; and Centre

region (Mount Banda and Mount

We): quota of 157 780 kg of dry

bark; subject to clear indication in

the export permit of the origin.

Current negative opinion formed

14/09/2007; last confirmed

30/11/2009, applicable except

where conditions under the

positive opinion are met.

Colombia Dendrobates auratus II B LC 450 430 520 live, captive-

bred 90 21%

Phyllobates aurotaenia II B NT 620 1055 1134 live, captive-

bred 79 8%

Phyllobates terribilis II B EN 240 1050 1063 live, captive-

bred 13 1%


22 Country Taxon Appendix Annex IUCN Red list 2013 2014 2015 Quota notes Increase % Increase Notes2

Democratic

Republic of

the Congo

Prunus africana II B VU 72 000 kg 102 000

kg 232 000 kg dry bark

130 000

kg 127%

Current positive opinion formed


09/04/2015, subject to an annual

quota of 72 000 kg of dry bark

from Ibathama and Mwenda

regions and subject to clear

indication in the export permit of

the origin.

Ethiopia Canis aureus III C LC 20 trophies 10 100%

Quota for 10 trophies published

between 2008 and 2012.

Widespread and fairly common

throughout its range.

Panthera pardus I A NT 50 trophies 40 500%

Quota for 10 trophies published in

2012; quota for 500 trophies

published between 2008 and

2011. Resolution Conf. 10.14

(Rev. CoP16) specifies a

maximum harvest quota of 500.

Fiji Pachyseris rugosa II B VU 985 985 1500 pieces, live or

dead 515 52%



07/11/2014.

Favia spp. II B 4800 4800 5600 pieces, live or

dead 800 17%

Nine species reported from Fiji:

four LC, five NT.

Goniastrea spp. II B 2701 2701 3500 pieces, live or

dead 799 30%

Seven species reported from Fiji:

five LC, two NT.

Acrhelia spp. II B LC 600 600 1300 pieces, live or

dead 700 117%

One species reported from Fiji: not

yet assessed. Previous quotas

published for Acrhelia horrescens.

Pectinia spp. II B 1500 1500 1670 pieces, live or

dead 170 11%

Three species reported from Fiji:

one NT, two VU.

Guatemala Tillandsia xerographica II B 391 572 310 220 421 570

artificially

propagated

live plants

111 350 36%

Current negative opinion for

artificially propagated plants

without cataphylls formed


07/02/2013.


Indonesia Ptyas mucosus II B 89 550 89 550 89 559 skins and

skin products 9 <1%


sourced specimens formed

20/06/2011.

Python reticulatus II B 157 500 157 500 158 490 skins and

skin products 990 <1%



08/12/2014.

Pelochelys cantorii II B EN 50 50 54 live 4 8% Current suspension 4.6(b) for wild

specimens since 01/10/2007.

Euphyllia ancora II B VU 21 000 20 000 21 000 live 1000 5%

Current positive opinion for live, wild-sourced specimens formed 07/11/2014. Current no opinion i) for trade in raw, wild-sourced Euphyllia spp. at genus level formed 07/11/2014.

Plerogyra turbida II B VU 12 000 11 000 12 000 live 1000 9%

Current negative opinion for wild-sourced specimens (except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates) formed 08/12/2014.

Turbinaria spp. II B 15 000 14 000 15 000 live 1000 7%

Eleven species reported from Indonesia: two LC, one NT, seven VU, one not yet assessed. Current positive opinion for trade in wild-sourced Turbinaria spp. at genus level formed 08/12/2014; last confirmed 09/04/2015.

Polyphyllia talpina II B LC 8000 7000 8000 live 1000 14%

Goniopora spp. II B 45 000 39 000 45 000 live 6000 15%

Nineteen species reported from

Indonesia: 10 LC, five NT, four VU.

Current positive opinion for trade

in wild-sourced Goniopora spp. at

genus level formed 08/12/2014;

last confirmed 09/04/2015.


Goniopora lobata II B NT 41 000 35 000 41 000 live 6000 17%



07/11/2014. Current positive

opinion for trade in wild-sourced

Goniopora spp. at genus level

formed 08/12/2014; last confirmed

09/04/2015.

Goniopora stokesi II B NT 45 000 39 000 44 000 live 5000 13%



07/11/2014. Current positive

opinion for trade in wild-sourced

Goniopora spp. at genus level

formed 08/12/2014; last confirmed

09/04/2015.

Porites spp. II B 37 500 35 000 36 500 live 1500 4%

Thirty-six species reported from

Indonesia: 11 LC, eight NT, nine

VU, two EN, one CR, two DD,

three not yet assessed. Current

positive opinion for trade in wild-

sourced Porites spp. at genus

level formed 08/12/2014; last

confirmed 09/04/2015.

Nicaragua Strombus gigas II B 20 109 kg 20 109 kg 20 151 kg

trimmings for

scientific

purposes

42 kg <1% Current no opinion i) for wild

specimens formed 07/02/2013.

Strombus gigas II B 45 359 kg 45 359 kg 45 454 kg

meat for

scientific

purposes

95 kg <1%

Current no opinion i) for wild

specimens formed 07/02/2013.

(Quota also published in lb, which

is unchanged from 2014).

Romania Canis lupus II B LC 30 30 250 trophies:

skull, skin 220 733% EU Member State.

Felis silvestris II A 20 20 30 trophies:


Ursus arctos II A LC 200 200 250 trophies:



Turkey Galanthus elwesii II B DD 1 000 000 1 500 000 3 000 000

artificially

propagated

bulbs

1 500 000 100%



16/02/2010.

Cyclamen cilicium II B 200 000 200 000 300 000

artificially

propagated

tubers

100 000 50%



16/02/2010.

Cyclamen cilicium II B 100 000 100 000 200 000 tubers, wild-

taken 100 000 100%



16/02/2010.

Cyclamen coum II B 600 000 600 000 700 000 tubers, wild-

taken 100 000 17%



16/02/2010.

Cyclamen coum II B 150 000 150 000 250 000

artificially

propagated

tubers

100 000 67%



16/02/2010.

United

Republic of

Tanzania

Malacochersus tornieri II A VU 510 530 900

live; only F1

specimens

with a

carapace

length of 8

cm or less

(Note: see

Notif.

2014/039)

370 70% Export quotas resulting from

AC/SC recommendations.

Stigmochelys pardalis II B 5735 7000 9200 F1

specimens 2200 31%

Change of term (from ‘live’).


29/10/2001 for F < 8 cm.

Uzbekistan Gypaetus barbatus II A NT 3 live, wild-

taken 1 50% Increase from quota of 2 for 2010.

Varanus griseus I A 5 live, wild-

taken 1 25 % Increase from quota of 4 in 2010.

Viet Nam Crocodylus siamensis I A CR 48 000 62 000 76 000 live, captive-

bred 14 000 23%

26 Table 4: Taxa subject to decreased quotas in 2015.

Country Taxon Appendix Annex IUCN Red list 2013 2014 2015 Quota notes Decrease % Decrease Notes3

Colombia Tupinambis teguixin II B 4692 13 272 1297 live, captive-bred 11 975 90%

Boa constrictor II B 15 100 17 353 3321 live, captive-bred 14 032 81%

Chelonoidis carbonaria

II B 7163 8184 4394 live, captive-bred 3790 46%

Current no opinion iii) for wild-sourced specimen formed 25/06/1997, last confirmed 25/06/2004.

Dendrobates truncatus

II B LC 1591 1115 566 live, captive-bred 549 49%

Congo Pericopsis elata II B EN

2223.373 m3 logs;

5039.087 m3 sawn

wood

6309 m3 logs, sawn wood 953.46 m3 13%

Previously separate quotas published for these terms. Current no opinion iii) formed 30/06/2009, last confirmed 11/02/2013.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Pericopsis elata II B EN 25 000

m3 25 000

m3 23 240

m3 logs, sawn wood,

veneer sheets 1760 m3 7%

Current no opinion ii) for wild-sourced specimens formed 08/12/2014: imports can only be accepted from the 9 forestry titles for which management inventories have been submitted by companies to the DRC forestry administration before 31 October 2014, corresponding to an overall quota of 23 240 m³.

Ethiopia Hippopotamus amphibius

II B VU 6 10 6 trophies 4 40% Current no opinion formed 27/01/1999.

Ghana Python regius II B LC 60 000 6000 Ranched 54 000 90%

Current negative opinion for ranched specimens formed 06/12/2013 and confirmed 27/02/2014.

Guyana Epicrates maurus II B 1000 1540 1270 270 18% Quota did not return to 2013 or 2012 levels, unlike the majority of other quotas from Guyana.

Indonesia Candoia carinata II B 1080 1080 800 live 280 26% Current suspension 4.6(b) for wild-sourced specimens in place 04/09/2014.


27 Country Taxon Appendix Annex IUCN Red list 2013 2014 2015 Quota notes Decrease % Decrease Notes3

Indonesia (cont.)

Ptyas mucosus II B 450 450 441 live 9 2% Current positive opinion for wild-sourced specimens formed 20/06/2011.

Python brongersmai II B LC 2250 2250 2100 live 150 7% Current positive opinion formed 27/03/2007.

Python curtus II B LC 1890 2700 2070 skins and skin

products 630 23%

Current positive opinion, subject to use of quotas, formed 19/04/2004.

Python reticulatus II B 4500 4500 3510 live 990 22% Current positive opinion for wild-sourced specimens formed 08/12/2014.

Fungia spp. II B 24 500 28 500 27 500 live 1000 4%

Six species reported from Indonesia, none assessed. Current positive opinion for wild-sourced specimens formed 08/12/2014.

Montipora spp. II B 4000 4000 3000 live 1000 25% Three species reported from Indonesia: three not yet assessed.

Mycedium elephantotus

II B LC 2500 1500 live 1000 40%

Iran Acipenser gueldenstaedtii

II B CR 500 1000 500 meat

(aquaculture) 500 50%

Acipenser nudiventris

II B CR No quota 1000 0 meat


Acipenser persicus II B CR 500 1000 500 meat


Acipenser stellatus II B CR 20 150 100 caviar 50 33% Current negative opinion for wild-sourced specimens formed 03/12/2010.

Acipenser stellatus II B CR 500 1000 500 meat


Huso huso II B CR 35 000 250 000 50 000 meat

(aquaculture) 200 000 80%

Madagascar Mantella aurantiaca II B CR 550 280 270 49% Current suspension 4.6(b) for wild-sourced specimens since 18/02/2005.

Malaysia Naja sumatrana II B LC 2000 1000 850 live, wild-taken -

Peninsular Malaysia

150 15% 2013 quota was for 2000 live specimens from Peninsular Malaysia.

Nicaragua Iguana iguana II B 5000 5000 2000 live, captive-bred 3000 60%

Boa constrictor II B 10 000 3000 2500 live, captive-bred 500 17%

28 Country Taxon Appendix Annex IUCN Red list 2013 2014 2015 Quota notes Decrease % Decrease Notes3

Romania Hirudo medicinalis II B NT 60 000 46 000 40 000 live, captive-bred 6000 13% EU Member State.

Turkey Galanthus elwesii II B DD 5 500 000 5 000 000 4 000 000 bulbs, wild-taken 1 000 000 20% Current positive opinion formed 26/05/2008; last confirmed 16/02/2010.

Galanthus woronowii

II B 3 500 000 3 500 000 3 000 000 bulbs, wild-taken 500 000 14% Current positive opinion formed 23/06/1999; last confirmed 16/02/2010.

United Republic of Tanzania

Kinixys belliana II B 125 60 20 F1 specimens 40 67%

Uzbekistan Accipiter gentilis II A LC 150 150 100 live, wild-taken 50 33%

Milvus migrans II A LC 20 20 10 live, wild-taken 10 50%

Bubo bubo II A LC 6 2 live, wild-taken 4 67%

Testudo horsfieldii II B VU 45 000 50 000 45 000 live, ranched 5000 10%

Current positive opinion formed 08/12/2014 for ranched specimens with carapace length < 8 cm. No opinion i) formed 27/02/2014 for source F specimens with carapace length 6-8 cm.

References Böhme, W. 2003. Checklist of the living monitor lizards of the world (family Varanidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen: 341: 3-43. Forsman, Z.H., Guzman, H.M., Chen, C. a., Fox, G.E. and Wellington, G.M. 2005. An ITS region phylogeny of Siderastrea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): Is S. glynni

endangered or introduced? Coral Reefs, 24(2): 343–347. IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/. [Accessed: 15/03/2015]. Pianka, E.R., King, D.R. and King, R.A. 2004. Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, USA. -588 pp. Schleip, W.D. and O’Shea, M. 2010. Annotated checklist of the recent and extinct pythons (Serpentes, Pythonidae), with notes on nomenclature,

taxonomy, and distribution. ZooKeys, 66: 29–79. UNEP-WCMC. 2014. Review of corals from Indonesia (coral species subject to EU decisions where identification to genus level is acceptable for trade

purposes). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. UNEP-WCMC. 2015. Review of corals from Fiji, Haiti, Solomon Islands and Tonga (coral species subject to EU decisions where identification to genus level

is acceptable for trade purposes). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Veron, J.E.N. 2000. Corals of the world. 3rd Ed. Stafford-Smith, M. (Ed.). Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.

analysis of 2015 cites export quotas 72_9 analysis... · o tubipora musica/malaysia: new quotas...

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