analysis of composit e leaf spring: a · pdf fileanalysis of composit ... procedure for ansys...

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 6, JuneAvailable online at ISSN Print: 0976 © IAEME

ANALYSIS OF COMPOSIT

ABSPresent scenario increasing competition and innovation in reducing the weight of

the automobile products by maintaining the strength. Leaf sproldest suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Automobile sector leaf springs are used in suspension system and it is prepared by steel materials are replaced by composite materials due to its high strengtratio, high strain energy capability. The use of the composite material in leaf spring is reducing the weight without reducing load carrying capacity and stiffness. In this work objective is to compare the stiffness and weight saving of the comspring and traditional mild steel leaf spring. Various composite materials Eglass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy selected as a spring materials instead of existing conventional material. Modeling is done using solidKey words:Cite this Articleof Composite Leaf Spring: A ComparisonEngineering and Technologyhttp://www.i

1. INTRODUCTIONSuspension system is a mechanical system which consists of springs, tires shock absorbers and links. The automobile chassisome form of springs to isolate the vehicle body from the road shocks, which may be in the form of bounce, pitch and roll. This will lead to an uncomfortable ride and cause additional stress in spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automo1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to road irregularity and it absorbs energy in the form ofpaper focused on use of composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio in place of existing leaf spring material.


International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 6, JuneAvailable online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMEISSN Print: 0976-6340 and IS

© IAEME Publication


Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. SudhakarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology,

STRACT Present scenario increasing competition and innovation in reducing the weight of

the automobile products by maintaining the strength. Leaf sproldest suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Automobile sector leaf springs are used in suspension system and it is prepared by steel materials are replaced by composite materials due to its high strengtratio, high strain energy capability. The use of the composite material in leaf spring is reducing the weight without reducing load carrying capacity and stiffness. In this work objective is to compare the stiffness and weight saving of the comspring and traditional mild steel leaf spring. Various composite materials Eglass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy selected as a spring materials instead of existing conventional material. Modeling is done using solid edge and analysis is carried out by using ANSYS workbenchKey words: Leaf Spring, Composite materials, ANSYS WorkbenchCite this Articleof Composite Leaf Spring: A ComparisonEngineering and Technologyhttp://www.iaeme.com/IJME

INTRODUCTIONSuspension system is a mechanical system which consists of springs, tires shock absorbers and links. The automobile chassisome form of springs to isolate the vehicle body from the road shocks, which may be in the form of bounce, pitch and roll. This will lead to an uncomfortable ride and cause additional stress in the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automo1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to road irregularity and it absorbs energy in the form ofpaper focused on use of composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio in place of existing leaf spring material.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2017, pp.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

Publication



GMR Nagar

Present scenario increasing competition and innovation in reducing the weight of the automobile products by maintaining the strength. Leaf sproldest suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Automobile sector leaf springs are used in suspension system and it is prepared by steel materials are replaced by composite materials due to its high strengtratio, high strain energy capability. The use of the composite material in leaf spring is reducing the weight without reducing load carrying capacity and stiffness. In this work objective is to compare the stiffness and weight saving of the comspring and traditional mild steel leaf spring. Various composite materials Eglass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy selected as a spring materials instead of existing conventional material. Modeling is done using

edge and analysis is carried out by using ANSYS workbenchLeaf Spring, Composite materials, ANSYS Workbench

Cite this Article: Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. Sudhakarof Composite Leaf Spring: A ComparisonEngineering and Technology

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INTRODUCTION Suspension system is a mechanical system which consists of springs, tires shock absorbers and links. The automobile chassisome form of springs to isolate the vehicle body from the road shocks, which may be in the form of bounce, pitch and roll. This will lead to an uncomfortable ride and cause additional

the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automo1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to road irregularity and it absorbs energy in the form ofpaper focused on use of composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio in place of existing leaf spring material.

IJMET/index.asp

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)2017, pp. 688–694, Article ID: IJM

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Scopus Indexed

ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITA COMPARISON


GMR Nagar, Andhra Pradesh State, India



Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. Sudhakarof Composite Leaf Spring: A ComparisonEngineering and Technology, 8(6), 2017, pp. 6

aeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=6

Suspension system is a mechanical system which consists of springs, tires shock absorbers and links. The automobile chassis is not directly mounted on the axles and it is supported by some form of springs to isolate the vehicle body from the road shocks, which may be in the form of bounce, pitch and roll. This will lead to an uncomfortable ride and cause additional

the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automo1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to road irregularity and it absorbs energy in the form ofpaper focused on use of composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio in place of

asp 688

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJM

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMESN Online: 0976-6359

Indexed

ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITA COMPARISON


Andhra Pradesh State, India



Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. Sudhakarof Composite Leaf Spring: A Comparison. International Journal of Mechanical

, 8(6), 2017, pp. 688asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=6

Suspension system is a mechanical system which consists of springs, tires shock absorbers s is not directly mounted on the axles and it is supported by

some form of springs to isolate the vehicle body from the road shocks, which may be in the form of bounce, pitch and roll. This will lead to an uncomfortable ride and cause additional

the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automo1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to road irregularity and it absorbs energy in the form ofpaper focused on use of composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio in place of

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJMET_08_06

asp?JType=IJME

ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LEAF SPRING: A COMPARISON





Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. SudhakarInternational Journal of Mechanical

88–694. asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=6



the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automo1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to road irregularity and it absorbs energy in the form of strain energy and released slowly. This paper focused on use of composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio in place of

[email protected]

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 06_072

asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=6

E LEAF SPRING: A COMPARISON



Present scenario increasing competition and innovation in reducing the weight of the automobile products by maintaining the strength. Leaf springs are one of the oldest suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Automobile sector leaf springs are used in suspension system and it is prepared by steel materials are replaced by composite materials due to its high strengtratio, high strain energy capability. The use of the composite material in leaf spring is reducing the weight without reducing load carrying capacity and stiffness. In this work objective is to compare the stiffness and weight saving of the comspring and traditional mild steel leaf spring. Various composite materials Eglass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy selected as a spring materials instead of existing conventional material. Modeling is done using

edge and analysis is carried out by using ANSYS workbench Leaf Spring, Composite materials, ANSYS Workbench.

Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. SudhakarInternational Journal of Mechanical




the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automo1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to

strain energy and released slowly. This paper focused on use of composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio in place of

[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=6

E LEAF SPRING:

Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. Sudhakar Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology,

Present scenario increasing competition and innovation in reducing the weight of ings are one of the

oldest suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Automobile sector leaf springs are used in suspension system and it is prepared by steel materials are replaced by composite materials due to its high strength to weight ratio, high strain energy capability. The use of the composite material in leaf spring is reducing the weight without reducing load carrying capacity and stiffness. In this work objective is to compare the stiffness and weight saving of the composite leaf spring and traditional mild steel leaf spring. Various composite materials Eglass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy selected as a spring materials instead of existing conventional material. Modeling is done using

Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. Sudhakar. Analysis International Journal of Mechanical




the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called as a shock absorber. Leaf springs are suspension springs generally used in automobiles since 1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to


[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=6

E LEAF SPRING:

Present scenario increasing competition and innovation in reducing the weight of ings are one of the

oldest suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Automobile sector leaf springs are used in suspension system and it is prepared by

h to weight ratio, high strain energy capability. The use of the composite material in leaf spring is reducing the weight without reducing load carrying capacity and stiffness. In this

posite leaf spring and traditional mild steel leaf spring. Various composite materials E-glass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy selected as a spring materials instead of existing conventional material. Modeling is done using

Analysis International Journal of Mechanical



the automobile frame. In suspension system, the energy of road shock causes the spring oscillations. These oscillations are eliminated to reasonable level with dampers called

biles since 1970’s. Springs are usually made of one or more flexible and thin, it is attached to bottom of the vehicle to support and keep the axle in position. Leaf spring absorbing shock loads due to



Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased (1).In comparative study of leaf spring between Thermoplastic polyimfiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under static load condition better as compared to the (3,4,5). Ethe conventional leaf spring (6). It has been noticed that the composite material leaf spring is deflect more as comparematerial leaf spring lower the spring rate as compared to the steel leaf spring, the lower the spring rate, softer the spring. Therefore, smoother the ride. Since, the composite leaf sprican with stand the static load as well as the fatigue load. (7). In comparison between Eglass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy carbon/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy composite leaf springs Eglass/epoxy has lower streabsorbing capacity and weight to strength ratio is

2. PROBLEM DEFINITIONIn present scenario to preserve the natural resources and energy, weight reduction is the main objective in automobile industry. Automobiitems for weight reduction. Without reducing the load carrying capacity and stiffness composite material reduce the weight of the leaf spring. High strength to weight ratio and more elastic strain energy sspring material. The replacement of steel with optimally designed composite leaf spring can provide 80% weight reduction. The composite material offer opportunity for weight saving but the weight

3. ANALYSIS MONO LEAF SThe mono leaf model (shown in Figthe following basic workflow.

Select the required plane(x Draw a sketch for the mono leaf feature by selected the sketch command as per our design Specifications. Extrude the sketch into a solid feature. Edit the model dimensions and solid geometry to complete the partThe models from Solid edge are imported

in ANSYS workbench environment.

Figure


Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased (1).In comparative study of leaf spring between Thermoplastic polyimfiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under static load condition better as compared to the (3,4,5). E-Glass/Epoxy composite mono leaf spring reduces the weight by 85% compared to the conventional leaf spring (6). It has been noticed that the composite material leaf spring is deflect more as comparematerial leaf spring lower the spring rate as compared to the steel leaf spring, the lower the spring rate, softer the spring. Therefore, smoother the ride. Since, the composite leaf sprican with stand the static load as well as the fatigue load. (7). In comparison between Eglass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy carbon/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy composite leaf springs Eglass/epoxy has lower streabsorbing capacity and weight to strength ratio is

PROBLEM DEFINITIONIn present scenario to preserve the natural resources and energy, weight reduction is the main objective in automobile industry. Automobiitems for weight reduction. Without reducing the load carrying capacity and stiffness composite material reduce the weight of the leaf spring. High strength to weight ratio and more elastic strain energy sspring material. The replacement of steel with optimally designed composite leaf spring can provide 80% weight reduction. The composite material offer opportunity for weight saving but the weight reduction is also achieved by optimum design of the leaf spring.

ANALYSIS MONO LEAF SThe mono leaf model (shown in Figthe following basic workflow.

Select the required plane(xDraw a sketch for the mono leaf feature by selected the sketch command as per our designSpecifications.Extrude the sketch into a solid feature.Edit the model dimensions and solid geometry to complete the part

The models from Solid edge are imported in ANSYS workbench environment.

ure 1 Mono leaf spring solid edge model

Chintada. Vinod Babu, M. Vykunta Rao and U. Sudhakar


Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased (1).In comparative study of leaf spring between Thermoplastic polyimfiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under static load condition better as compared to the

Glass/Epoxy composite mono leaf spring reduces the weight by 85% compared to the conventional leaf spring (6). It has been noticed that the composite material leaf spring is deflect more as compared to the steel leaf spring i.e. up to 9.27 % more, so that composite material leaf spring lower the spring rate as compared to the steel leaf spring, the lower the spring rate, softer the spring. Therefore, smoother the ride. Since, the composite leaf sprican with stand the static load as well as the fatigue load. (7). In comparison between Eglass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy carbon/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy composite leaf springs Eglass/epoxy has lower stresses than the steel leaf spring. absorbing capacity and weight to strength ratio is

PROBLEM DEFINITIONIn present scenario to preserve the natural resources and energy, weight reduction is the main objective in automobile industry. Automobiitems for weight reduction. Without reducing the load carrying capacity and stiffness composite material reduce the weight of the leaf spring. High strength to weight ratio and more elastic strain energy storage capacity of composite materials are used as mono leaf spring material. The replacement of steel with optimally designed composite leaf spring can provide 80% weight reduction. The composite material offer opportunity for weight saving

reduction is also achieved by optimum design of the leaf spring.

ANALYSIS MONO LEAF SThe mono leaf model (shown in Figthe following basic workflow.

Select the required plane(xDraw a sketch for the mono leaf feature by selected the sketch command as per our designSpecifications. Extrude the sketch into a solid feature.Edit the model dimensions and solid geometry to complete the part


Mono leaf spring solid edge model


IJMET/index.asp

Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased (1).In comparative study of leaf spring between Thermoplastic polyimfiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under static load condition better as compared to the

Glass/Epoxy composite mono leaf spring reduces the weight by 85% compared to the conventional leaf spring (6). It has been noticed that the composite material leaf spring is

d to the steel leaf spring i.e. up to 9.27 % more, so that composite material leaf spring lower the spring rate as compared to the steel leaf spring, the lower the spring rate, softer the spring. Therefore, smoother the ride. Since, the composite leaf sprican with stand the static load as well as the fatigue load. (7). In comparison between Eglass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy carbon/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy composite leaf springs E

sses than the steel leaf spring. absorbing capacity and weight to strength ratio is

PROBLEM DEFINITION In present scenario to preserve the natural resources and energy, weight reduction is the main objective in automobile industry. Automobiitems for weight reduction. Without reducing the load carrying capacity and stiffness composite material reduce the weight of the leaf spring. High strength to weight ratio and

torage capacity of composite materials are used as mono leaf spring material. The replacement of steel with optimally designed composite leaf spring can provide 80% weight reduction. The composite material offer opportunity for weight saving


ANALYSIS MONO LEAF SPRINGThe mono leaf model (shown in Fig-1 and Figthe following basic workflow.

Select the required plane(x-z) in ordered moDraw a sketch for the mono leaf feature by selected the sketch command as per our design

Extrude the sketch into a solid feature.Edit the model dimensions and solid geometry to complete the part


Mono leaf spring solid edge model


asp 689

Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased (1).In comparative study of leaf spring between Thermoplastic polyimfiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under static load condition better as compared to the conventional and EN 47 steel material springs

Glass/Epoxy composite mono leaf spring reduces the weight by 85% compared to the conventional leaf spring (6). It has been noticed that the composite material leaf spring is

d to the steel leaf spring i.e. up to 9.27 % more, so that composite material leaf spring lower the spring rate as compared to the steel leaf spring, the lower the spring rate, softer the spring. Therefore, smoother the ride. Since, the composite leaf sprican with stand the static load as well as the fatigue load. (7). In comparison between Eglass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy carbon/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy composite leaf springs E

sses than the steel leaf spring. absorbing capacity and weight to strength ratio is good in composite leaf spring (8

In present scenario to preserve the natural resources and energy, weight reduction is the main objective in automobile industry. Automobiles suspension leaf spring is one of the potential items for weight reduction. Without reducing the load carrying capacity and stiffness composite material reduce the weight of the leaf spring. High strength to weight ratio and



PRING 1 and Fig-2) is prepared by using Solid Edge package as

z) in ordered mode. Draw a sketch for the mono leaf feature by selected the sketch command as per our design

Extrude the sketch into a solid feature. Edit the model dimensions and solid geometry to complete the part

The models from Solid edge are imported into ANSYS and further analysis is carried on

Mono leaf spring solid edge model Fig


Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased (1).In comparative study of leaf spring between Thermoplastic polyimfiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under

conventional and EN 47 steel material springs Glass/Epoxy composite mono leaf spring reduces the weight by 85% compared to

the conventional leaf spring (6). It has been noticed that the composite material leaf spring is d to the steel leaf spring i.e. up to 9.27 % more, so that composite

material leaf spring lower the spring rate as compared to the steel leaf spring, the lower the spring rate, softer the spring. Therefore, smoother the ride. Since, the composite leaf sprican with stand the static load as well as the fatigue load. (7). In comparison between Eglass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy carbon/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy composite leaf springs E

sses than the steel leaf spring. Corrosion resistance, good in composite leaf spring (8

In present scenario to preserve the natural resources and energy, weight reduction is the main les suspension leaf spring is one of the potential

items for weight reduction. Without reducing the load carrying capacity and stiffness composite material reduce the weight of the leaf spring. High strength to weight ratio and



2) is prepared by using Solid Edge package as

Draw a sketch for the mono leaf feature by selected the sketch command as per our design

Edit the model dimensions and solid geometry to complete the partinto ANSYS and further analysis is carried on

Figure 2 Mono leaf spring draft views


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Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased (1).In comparative study of leaf spring between Thermoplastic polyimide with 30% carbon fiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under




Corrosion resistance, good in composite leaf spring (8







Edit the model dimensions and solid geometry to complete the part into ANSYS and further analysis is carried on

Mono leaf spring draft views


[email protected]

Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leafspring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/Eglass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased

ide with 30% carbon fiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under




Corrosion resistance, vibrations good in composite leaf spring (8-12).







into ANSYS and further analysis is carried on


[email protected]

Strength to weight ratio of leaf spring can be increased by replacing the existing leaf spring material by composite material. Weight of the leaf spring is reduced by using Jute/E-glass/Epoxy hybrid composite as leaf spring material at the same time strength also increased

ide with 30% carbon fiber composite and EN 45 steel materials former gives the better strength and low deflection (2).Stresses developed in composite mono leaf spring with constant cross sectional area under



material leaf spring lower the spring rate as compared to the steel leaf spring, the lower the spring rate, softer the spring. Therefore, smoother the ride. Since, the composite leaf spring can with stand the static load as well as the fatigue load. (7). In comparison between E-glass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy carbon/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy composite leaf springs E-

vibrations ).






into ANSYS and further analysis is carried on



4. PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS Static analysis isto externally applied loads that do not provoke the inertia and damping effects. Steady loading in response conditions are assumed. In this work, linear static analysis is consinvestigated the total deformation, equivalent stress, strain energy of mono leaf spring has quite close relations within the safety limits, therefore, much research in this field has been performed. ANSYS workbench environment provides an easy astructural analysis is done on the mono leaf spring to find the best material for it.

5. PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS Static analysis is concerned with determination of response of the vehicle to steady loads whose value with respterms of stresses, displacements, total deformation, and strain energy. Main steps for static analysis is given below

Import the model.

Given the material properties are specified as fapplications.

Applied the meshing with element size (10mm)will be obtained.

Applied the boundary conditions:

Applied the point load of 1000N at the center of leaf spring shown in Fig

Fig

6. STATIC ANALYSIS OF EThe static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction (UY=UZ=0).By applyideformation observed is 1.0267 mm shown in figenergy is 0.000938 Joules for EN47.Static Analysis is performed on mono leaf spring for the following matGraphite/Epoxy


PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS Static analysis is used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures to externally applied loads that do not provoke the inertia and damping effects. Steady loading in response conditions are assumed. In this work, linear static analysis is consinvestigated the total deformation, equivalent stress, strain energy of mono leaf spring has quite close relations within the safety limits, therefore, much research in this field has been performed. ANSYS workbench environment provides an easy astructural analysis is done on the mono leaf spring to find the best material for it.

PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS Static analysis is concerned with determination of response of the vehicle to steady loads whose value with respterms of stresses, displacements, total deformation, and strain energy. Main steps for static analysis is given below

Import the model.




o Front eye end of leaf spring is constrained in Ux, Uy, a

o Rear eye of leaf spring is constrained in Uyalong x


Figure 3 Boundary conditions& point load on the mono leaf spring

STATIC ANALYSIS OF EThe static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction (UY=UZ=0).By applyideformation observed is 1.0267 mm shown in figenergy is 0.000938 Joules for EN47.Static Analysis is performed on mono leaf spring for the following materials EN47, EGraphite/Epoxy

Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring: A Comparison


PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures

to externally applied loads that do not provoke the inertia and damping effects. Steady loading in response conditions are assumed. In this work, linear static analysis is consinvestigated the total deformation, equivalent stress, strain energy of mono leaf spring has quite close relations within the safety limits, therefore, much research in this field has been performed. ANSYS workbench environment provides an easy astructural analysis is done on the mono leaf spring to find the best material for it.

PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS Static analysis is concerned with determination of response of the vehicle to steady loads whose value with respected to time is unchanged. The response of the vehicle is expressed in terms of stresses, displacements, total deformation, and strain energy. Main steps for static analysis is given below

Import the model.




Front eye end of leaf spring is constrained in Ux, Uy, a

Rear eye of leaf spring is constrained in Uyalong x-direction


Boundary conditions& point load on the mono leaf spring

STATIC ANALYSIS OF EThe static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction (UY=UZ=0).By applying the static load of 1000N at the center of the spring, total deformation observed is 1.0267 mm shown in figenergy is 0.000938 Joules for EN47.Static Analysis is performed on mono leaf spring for the

erials EN47, E


IJMET/index.asp

PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS ANALYSIS used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures


PROCEDURE FOR ANSYS ANALYSIS Static analysis is concerned with determination of response of the vehicle to steady loads

ected to time is unchanged. The response of the vehicle is expressed in terms of stresses, displacements, total deformation, and strain energy. Main steps for static

Given the material properties are specified as f

Applied the meshing with element size (10mm)



Rear eye of leaf spring is constrained in Uydirection



STATIC ANALYSIS OF EN47 MONO LEAF SPRINGThe static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction

ng the static load of 1000N at the center of the spring, total deformation observed is 1.0267 mm shown in figenergy is 0.000938 Joules for EN47.Static Analysis is performed on mono leaf spring for the

erials EN47, E-Glass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and


asp 690

ANALYSIS used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures


ANALYSIS Static analysis is concerned with determination of response of the vehicle to steady loads


Given the material properties are specified as f

Applied the meshing with element size (10mm)-


Rear eye of leaf spring is constrained in Uy



N47 MONO LEAF SPRINGThe static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction

ng the static load of 1000N at the center of the spring, total deformation observed is 1.0267 mm shown in fig-energy is 0.000938 Joules for EN47.Static Analysis is performed on mono leaf spring for the

Glass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and


ANALYSIS used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures


ANALYSIS Static analysis is concerned with determination of response of the vehicle to steady loads


Given the material properties are specified as for the standards used in the practical

-as finer the element size the


Rear eye of leaf spring is constrained in Uy & Uz and allowed the free translation



N47 MONO LEAF SPRINGThe static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction

ng the static load of 1000N at the center of the spring, total -4, von-mises stress is 40.74 MPa, strain

energy is 0.000938 Joules for EN47.Static Analysis is performed on mono leaf spring for the Glass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and


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used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures to externally applied loads that do not provoke the inertia and damping effects. Steady loading in response conditions are assumed. In this work, linear static analysis is consinvestigated the total deformation, equivalent stress, strain energy of mono leaf spring has quite close relations within the safety limits, therefore, much research in this field has been performed. ANSYS workbench environment provides an easy and simple platform where in structural analysis is done on the mono leaf spring to find the best material for it.

Static analysis is concerned with determination of response of the vehicle to steady loads ected to time is unchanged. The response of the vehicle is expressed in

terms of stresses, displacements, total deformation, and strain energy. Main steps for static

or the standards used in the practical

as finer the element size the

Front eye end of leaf spring is constrained in Ux, Uy, and Uz.

Uz and allowed the free translation

Applied the point load of 1000N at the center of leaf spring shown in Fig-

Boundary conditions& point load on the mono leaf spring in ANSYS

N47 MONO LEAF SPRING The static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction

ng the static load of 1000N at the center of the spring, total mises stress is 40.74 MPa, strain


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used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures to externally applied loads that do not provoke the inertia and damping effects. Steady loading in response conditions are assumed. In this work, linear static analysis is considered to investigated the total deformation, equivalent stress, strain energy of mono leaf spring has quite close relations within the safety limits, therefore, much research in this field has been

nd simple platform where in structural analysis is done on the mono leaf spring to find the best material for it.




as finer the element size the accurate results


-3.

in ANSYS- Workbench

The static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction



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used to find out the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures to externally applied loads that do not provoke the inertia and damping effects. Steady loading

idered to investigated the total deformation, equivalent stress, strain energy of mono leaf spring has quite close relations within the safety limits, therefore, much research in this field has been

nd simple platform where in




accurate results


Workbench

The static analysis of mono leaf spring was done by considering the boundary conditions are front eye end is fixed (UX=UY=UZ=0) and rear end is constrained in Y, Z direction




7. STATIC ANALYSIS OF CFor CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation observed is 6.5m

Static Analysis of Carbon/epoxyFor carbon/Epoxy mono leaf spring total deformation is 9.5mm, Vonstrain energy observed is 45.92Mpa and 10.45x10

Static AnalysisTotal deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to von-mises stress is 53.28Mpa and total strain energy is 30.76x10

8. STATIC ANALYSIS OF GFor Kevlar/Epoxy mono leaf spdeformation is 10.23mm is shown in figas47.08MPa and 11.8x10

Figure 5


STATIC ANALYSIS OF CFor CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation observed is 6.5mm. Von


atic Analysis of KevlarTotal deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to

mises stress is 53.28Mpa and total strain energy is 30.76x10

STATIC ANALYSIS OF GFor Kevlar/Epoxy mono leaf spdeformation is 10.23mm is shown in figas47.08MPa and 11.8x10

Deformation of E



Figure

STATIC ANALYSIS OF CFor CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation

m. Von-misses stress is 32.37Mpa and total strain energy is 8.25x10


of Kevlar/epoxyTotal deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to


STATIC ANALYSIS OF GFor Kevlar/Epoxy mono leaf spdeformation is 10.23mm is shown in figas47.08MPa and 11.8x10-3

Deformation of E-Glass/Epoxy leaf spring


IJMET/index.asp

ure 4 Total Deformation of EN47 Leaf Spring

STATIC ANALYSIS OF CFRP For CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation

misses stress is 32.37Mpa and total strain energy is 8.25x10

Static Analysis of Carbon/epoxy For carbon/Epoxy mono leaf spring total deformation is 9.5mm, Vonstrain energy observed is 45.92Mpa and 10.45x10

/epoxy Total deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to


STATIC ANALYSIS OF GRAPHITE/EPOXY For Kevlar/Epoxy mono leaf spring analysis above conditions are considered the total deformation is 10.23mm is shown in fig

Glass/Epoxy leaf spring


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Total Deformation of EN47 Leaf Spring

FRP For CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation

misses stress is 32.37Mpa and total strain energy is 8.25x10

For carbon/Epoxy mono leaf spring total deformation is 9.5mm, Vonstrain energy observed is 45.92Mpa and 10.45x10-3jouls.

Total deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to mises stress is 53.28Mpa and total strain energy is 30.76x10

RAPHITE/EPOXY ring analysis above conditions are considered the total

deformation is 10.23mm is shown in fig-6, von-misses stresses & strain energy is observed

Glass/Epoxy leaf spring Figure



For CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation misses stress is 32.37Mpa and total strain energy is 8.25x10

For carbon/Epoxy mono leaf spring total deformation is 9.5mm, Vonjouls.

Total deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to mises stress is 53.28Mpa and total strain energy is 30.76x10

RAPHITE/EPOXY ring analysis above conditions are considered the total

misses stresses & strain energy is observed

ure 6 Deformation of Graphit


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For CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation misses stress is 32.37Mpa and total strain energy is 8.25x10

For carbon/Epoxy mono leaf spring total deformation is 9.5mm, Von-mises stress and total

Total deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to mises stress is 53.28Mpa and total strain energy is 30.76x10-3jouls

ring analysis above conditions are considered the total

misses stresses & strain energy is observed

Deformation of Graphit


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For CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation misses stress is 32.37Mpa and total strain energy is 8.25x10-3

mises stress and total

Total deformation 26.88mm obtained by changing the leaf spring material to Kevlar

ring analysis above conditions are considered the total misses stresses & strain energy is observed

Deformation of Graphite/Epoxy Leaf spring

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For CFRP mono leaf spring analyses are done for above conditions the total deformation 3jouls.

mises stress and total

Kevlar/Epoxy,

ring analysis above conditions are considered the total misses stresses & strain energy is observed

e/Epoxy Leaf spring


9. COMPARISON OF RESULTTotal deformation, vonare presented in table

Total deformation iminimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf spring materials results variation of stresses is shown in figchanging the

Figure 7

Weight reduction is important parameter in design. Weight is reduced by selecting CFRP and kelvar /Epoxy composite materials as a spring material. Variation of masses by altering the spring materials is shown in figStress Strain Energy for various materials such as EN47, ECarbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy, and Graphite/Epoxy of Mono Leaf Spring under Static Analysis is shown in fig

Figure


COMPARISON OF RESULTTotal deformation, vonare presented in table

EN47 E-GLASS/EPOXYCFRPCARBON/EPOXYKEVLAR/EPOXYGRAPHITE/EPOXY

Total deformation iminimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf spring materials results variation of stresses is shown in figchanging the spring materials to kelvar/epoxy.

7 Comparison of Total Deformation for various materials

Weight reduction is important parameter in design. Weight is reduced by selecting CFRP var /Epoxy composite materials as a spring material. Variation of masses by altering

the spring materials is shown in figStress Strain Energy for various materials such as EN47, E

n/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy, and Graphite/Epoxy of Mono Leaf Spring under Static Analysis is shown in fig

ure 9 Comparison of mass for various materials



COMPARISON OF RESULTTotal deformation, von-mises stresses and strain energy of leaf spring for various materials are presented in table-1

Table

Material

GLASS/EPOXY

CFRP CARBON/EPOXYKEVLAR/EPOXYGRAPHITE/EPOXY

Total deformation in spring for various materials is presented in figminimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf spring materials results variation of stresses is shown in fig

spring materials to kelvar/epoxy.

Comparison of Total Deformation for various materials


the spring materials is shown in figStress Strain Energy for various materials such as EN47, E

n/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy, and Graphite/Epoxy of Mono Leaf Spring under Static Analysis is shown in fig-10

Comparison of mass for various materials


IJMET/index.asp

COMPARISON OF RESULTS mises stresses and strain energy of leaf spring for various materials

Table 1 Result of Composite Mono Leaf Spring

Total Deform

(mm)1.0267

GLASS/EPOXY

CARBON/EPOXY KEVLAR/EPOXY 26.83GRAPHITE/EPOXY 10.23

n spring for various materials is presented in figminimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf spring materials results variation of stresses is shown in fig


Comparison of Total Deformation for various materials


the spring materials is shown in fig-9. The comparison of Total Deformation, VonStress Strain Energy for various materials such as EN47, E

n/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy, and Graphite/Epoxy of Mono Leaf Spring under Static

Comparison of mass for various materials


asp 692

S mises stresses and strain energy of leaf spring for various materials

Result of Composite Mono Leaf Spring

Total Deformation

(mm) 1.0267

9 6.5 9.5

26.83 10.23

n spring for various materials is presented in figminimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf spring materials results variation of stresses is shown in fig


Comparison of Total Deformation for various materials Figure


9. The comparison of Total Deformation, VonStress Strain Energy for various materials such as EN47, E


Figure 10 Comparison of Static Analysis results for various


mises stresses and strain energy of leaf spring for various materials


Von-Mises stresses (Mpa)

40.7430.3332.3745.9253.2847.08

n spring for various materials is presented in figminimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf spring materials results variation of stresses is shown in fig-8. Maximum stress is obtained by

ure 8 Comparison of Von


9. The comparison of Total Deformation, VonStress Strain Energy for various materials such as EN47, E


Comparison of Static Analysis results for various


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Mises stresses (Mpa) Energy (x10

40.74 30.33 32.37 45.92 53.28 47.08

n spring for various materials is presented in figminimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf

8. Maximum stress is obtained by

Comparison of Von-mises Stress for various materials


9. The comparison of Total Deformation, VonStress Strain Energy for various materials such as EN47, E-Glass/Epoxy, CFRP,



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Strain Energy (x10-

3jouls) 0.938 0.5991 8.25 10.45 30.76 11.08

n spring for various materials is presented in fig-7. Maximum and minimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf


mises Stress for various materials


9. The comparison of Total Deformation, VonGlass/Epoxy, CFRP,



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7. Maximum and minimum deformation observed in Kelvar/Epoxy and EN47 material. Changing the leaf


mises Stress for various materials


9. The comparison of Total Deformation, Von-mises Glass/Epoxy, CFRP,


Comparison of Static Analysis results for various materials


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10. CONCLUSIONS In present work, an attempt has been made to use finite element method for static structural analysis of mono leaf spring. Different materials have been considered for the analysis of the component and proposed that which material is suitable according to the total deformation, von-mises Stress distribution and strain energy.The Von-mises Stress developed in existing material(EN47) mono leaf spring is 40.4Mpa,by replacing the existing material with various composite materials (EGlass/ Epoxy, CFRP, Graphite/Epoxy, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy,) the von-masseters observed as 30.337MPa, 32.37MPa, 45.92MPa, 47.08MPa, and 53.28 Mpa respectively.

A comparative study had been made between steel and composite leaf spring with respect to weight. Kevlar/Epoxy mono leaf spring weight is reduced by 82.16%, CFRP mono leaf spring weight is reduced by 79.86%, Graphite/Epoxy mono leaf spring weight is reduced by 79.74%, Carbon/Epoxy mono leaf spring weight is reduced by 79.61% and EGlass/Epoxy mono leaf spring weight is reduced by 66.87% over conventional leaf spring. Minimum displacement (1.0267 mm) observed in conventional leaf spring(EN47) and maximum displacement (26.83 mm) observed in Kevlar/Epoxy composite material, the displacement in other materials E-glass/Epoxy, CFRP, Carbon/Epoxy, Graphite/Epoxy are 9mm, 6.5mm, 9.52mm, 10. 23mm.The lower the spring rate, softer the spring therefore, smoother the ride. Finally, we concluded that the conventional leaf spring is replaced with E-GLASS/EPOXY mono leaf spring in optimum total deformation, stress, and strain energy and cost point of view.

REFERENCES [1] Amrita Srivastava and Sanjay Choudhary - “Design and Structural Analysis of Jute/E-

glass Woven Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Based Hybrid Composite Leaf Spring under Static Loading” - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Research - Volume 3,Number 6 (2013), pp. 573-582 - ISSN 2249-0019

[2] Chetna Wahane, Abhishek Jain, Vivek Khare – “Comparative Analysis of En 45 Steel & Thermoplastic Polyimide (30% Carbon Fibre Reinforced) Used In Mono Leaf Spring under Static Loading Condition Using ANSYS” - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development (IJSRD) - Volume 2, Issue 08, 2014 - ISSN: 2321-0613

[3] Jadhav Mahesh V, Zoman Digambar B, Y R Kharde, R RKharde – “Performance Analysis of Two Mono Leaf Spring Used For Maruti 800 Vehicle” - International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) - Volume-2, Issue-1 - December 2012 - ISSN: 2278-3075

[4] Keshavamurthy Y.C., Chetan H.S. ,Dhanush C, Nithishprabhu T, “Design & simulation of hybrid mono composite leaf spring” - International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) - Volume 3, Issue 3 - August 2013 - ISSN 2249-6890

[5] K.K.Jadho, Dr.R.S.Dalu – “Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of composite leaf spring” - International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) - Volume 3, Number 6 - June 2011 - ISSN: 0975-5462

[6] M.Venkatesan, D.Helmen Devaraj – “Design and analysis of composite leaf spring in light vehicles” - International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) – Volume 2, Issue.1 - January-February 2012 pp-213-218 - ISSN: 2249-6645

[7] Nisar S.Shaikh, Prof.S.M.Rajmane - “Modelling and analysis of suspension system of TATASUMO by using composite material under the static load condition” -International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 12 Number 2 - June 2014 - ISSN: 2231-5381


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[8] Pankaj Saini, Ashish Goel, Pushyant Kumar – “Design and analysis of composite leaf spring of light vehicles” - International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology - Volume 2, Issue 5 - May 2013 - ISSN: 2319-8753

[9] Ranjeet Mithari, Amar Patil, E.N.Aitavade - “Analysis of composite leaf spring by using analytical method” - International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) – Volume 4 Number 12 - December 2012 - ISSN : 0975-5462

[10] V.Pozhilarasu, T.Parameshwaram Pillai – “Performance comparison of conventional &composite leaf spring”- International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) - Volume 4 Number 12 - December 2012 - ISSN: 0975-5

[11] Chintada Vinod babu,Chiranjeeva Rao.S, Vykuntarao.M., “Structural Analysis of Eicher 11.10 Chassis Frame”- International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Volume 22, pp. 315-318.

[12] Chintada Vinod babu, Chiranjeeva Rao.S, Vykuntarao.M., “Modal and Static Analysis of Automotive Chassis Frame by Using FEA”- International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Special issue-20, Volume 10, pp.19775-19777.

[13] Pinaknath Dewanji, Design and Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp. 177–183.

[14] D V Ramanareddy, B.Subbaratnam, E. Manoj Kumar an d Perala Kalyan Praneeth, Design and Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(6), 2017, pp. 494–500.

[15] N.Vijaya Rami Reddy, K.Sudhakar Reddy, A.Chinna Ma hammad Basha, B. Rajnaveen, Design And Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring For Military Jeep. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 47–58.

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