analysis of isolated multi-port converter for integ rating...

ANALYSIS OF ISOLATED MULTI-PORT CONVERTER FOR INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCES BY USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE

1C.Anuradha,

2N.Chellammal,

3M.B.S Aditya,

4P.SairamKarthik

1Assistant.Prof, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University.

2Associate.Prof, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University 3,4

UG student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University.

Abstract: In this paper, a new multi-port isolated SEPIC

converter is analyzed for integrating with the renewable

energy sources. This multi-port SEPIC converter

provides the highest energy efficiency by utilizing only a

single power stage. In this proposed structure, for input

side a combination of Pulsating Voltage Cells (PVC) and

Pulsating Voltage Source Cell (PVSC) are used. For

output side, Pulsating Voltage Load Cell (PVLC) is used.

Each PVSC connects with a common PVLC through a

coupling capacitor, forming a complete SEPIC structure.

It has two topologies, they are unidirectional and

bidirectional. Thus, the SEPIC converter reduces the

steady state error and maximum overshoot to zero. This

multi-port SEPIC converter treats the whole system as a

single-stage converter, and promises higher energy

efficiency.

Keywords: DC/DC converter, Pulsating voltage source

cell (PVSC), Pulsating Voltage Load Cell (PVLC).

1. Introduction

Nowadays the usage of power has increased day-by- day;

however, the source of power is inadequate. Many micro

sources such as batteries, fuel cells and PV [1-5], find

extensive application in the case of distributed

generation. Three-Port DC/DC converter is highly

suitable for standalone PV system applications. Three-

Port converter has advantages such as less component

count, lower cost, higher reliability and fewer conversion

stages [6][7]. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) scheme is

applied to the Three-Port converter based on power

relations among three ports. DC/DC converter works in

all operating modes and can easily switch between

dissimilar modes, so that it has extra advantages such as

high efficiency, higher flexibility, reliability and lower

cost [8]-[9]. InCuk and SEPIC converter, the input

current is continuous. While, in Buck-Boost converter the

input current is not continuous. This leads to an

advantage in better power factor. Another advantage of

SEPIC converter is that it has non-inverting output,

unlike, in Cuk converter and Buck-Boost converter. By

this configuration, two sources can supply the load

separately or simultaneously, depending on the

availability of the sources. The embedded nature of this

converter is that additional input filters are not required

or mandatory to filter out high frequency harmonics, as

CUK and SEPIC converters can filter out harmonic

contents in a better way and can produce efficient outputs

[10].A SEPIC converter for higher power and higher gain

application has been proposed in this paper. For

relatively higher power applications, people prefer the

use of interleaved Fly-back converter structures[1].The

Multi-port converter(MPC) is triggered by

interconnecting multiple PVCs through DLIs. [12].Power

is generated by using a few renewable resources such as

solar, wind and so on. [13].Traditionally, renewable

energy source is connected to the load through using DC-

DC converter. There are five main types of DC-DC

converters. They are: Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Cuk and

SEPIC converter.[14].

The MPC is generated by interconnecting

multiple PVCs through DLIs. PVCs can be of input,

output and bidirectional type. As a result, a family of

unique MPCs including multi-input converters, and

bidirectional MPCs, are derived [15]. MPCs have

attracted research interest recently with the rapid

development of renewable power systems, electric

vehicles, and DC distribution power systems, where

multiple renewable sources, storages and loads are

connected together. Compared to the conventional

approach that employs multiple two-port (either

unidirectional or bidirectional) converters, a MPC treats

the whole system as a single-power converter and

promises higher energy efficiency by utilizing only a

single power stage [16]–[20].

This paper is organized as follows. In Section II,

derivation of three-port isolated SEPIC converter and the

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 23 2017, 471-482ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

471

topology are proposed in detail. In Section III, Steady

state analysis of Three-Port isolated Unidirectional

SEPIC converter were proposed. In Section IV three-

Port Bi-directional isolated SEPIC converter and small

ripple approximation of both the topologies were

proposed. In Section V simulation results are discussed in

detail in both the topologies.

2. Derivation of Three-Port Isolated SEPIC

Converter

2.1 Basic Idea for derivation of Multi-Port SEPIC

Converter

Many isolated Three-Port- DC-DC converters have been

presented with different control and modulation methods.

Some of them use only one inductor resulting in small

sizes and further improvement of the power density,

while others use two or three inductors. Since most of

these converters are derived based on the traditional

Boost, Buck, and Buck-Boost converters, the benefits of

these converters are limited. To overcome this limitation,

some Three-PortDC-DC converters.

Figure 1. Generalized diagram of n-ports SEPIC

converter

In the multiport method, a single controller is used

for multiple inputs and output ports. In this multi-port

DC-DC power converter, there will be fewer power

components, which implies that expense of the power

converter will be lower than that of the conventional

converter. Due to the presence of transformer in the

circuit electric confinement is accessible, which is

essential for safety. With the turn proportion of the

transformer in certain topologies, it will be more

effective to coordinate diverse renewable energy sources

of distinctive voltage levels.

2.2 SEPIC Converter

In SEPIC converter, when the pulse is high, the switch S

on the input voltage, charges the inductor L1, and the

capacitor C1 charges the inductor L2. The diode D is

reverse biased, and the capacitor C2maintains the output.

When the pulse is low, the switch S is off, the inductors

discharge through the diode to the load, and charges the

capacitors. Increase in duty cycle charges the inductor

longer, due to which more output voltage is available

across the load. The converter is assumed to be loss-less

with less switching ripples. The link between input and

output voltage can be obtained both in Continuous

Conduction Mode (CCM) and in Discontinuous

Conduction Mode (DCM). CCM is preferable for higher

efficiency and excellent utilization of passive

components and converter switches. Therefore, the

converter was designed to operate in CCM. For

continuous load current, the load voltage V0 can be

obtained from equation. no.1.

�� = ��

� (1)

Figure 2. Circuit Diagram of SEPIC Converter

2.3 Three-Port Unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC

Converter(Topology-1)

In this paper, four ports (two input ports and two output

ports) SEPIC/SEPIC isolated converters are proposed. In

topology 1, if both the sources are renewable dc source

for example solar PV and fuel cell (FC) then the

converter works as unidirectional converter as the energy

flows from sources to load. When its output inductor is

replaced by coupled inductors, further flexibility is

achieved in the multiple-input isolated single ended

primary inductor converter (MIISEPIC) thanks to its

wider voltage transfer ratio ranges. With the coupled-

inductors, an MIISEPIC can possibly generate a high

output voltage that matches the utility voltage level from

low voltage distributed generation systems.

Table.1 shows the comparison of components used

in proposed ‘n’ port isolated SEPIC/SEPIC multiport

converter and conventional multiple input port converter.

Here ‘n’ port refers to (n-1) number of source and one

output port.

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

472

Table 1. Comparison of components of multi

SEPIC/SEPIC converter and multiple input SEPIC

converter

Components

n port

SEPIC/SEPIC

converter

(n-1)

SEPIC

converter

Capacitors n 2(n-1)

Inductors n 2(n-1)

Diode 1 n-1

Switch n-1 n-1

Figure 3. Three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC

converter

2.4 Unidirectional power flow with two separate

sources

Let us consider two separate sources (PV

having different value of voltages V1 and V

use the sources effectively, the two sources operate at

different duty cycle. The source with higher value,

operate for lower duty cycle and the source with lesser

value, operate for higher duty cycle. Assuming V

and D1< D2.

D1 and D2 are the respective duty cycles for source 1 and

source 2.

3. Modes of operation

The operation is categorized in three modes as shown in

Figure.4

Comparison of components of multi-port

SEPIC/SEPIC converter and multiple input SEPIC

1) individual

SEPIC

converter

1)

1)

Three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC

Unidirectional power flow with two separate

two separate sources (PV and Fuel cell)

and V2. In order to

use the sources effectively, the two sources operate at

different duty cycle. The source with higher value,

operate for lower duty cycle and the source with lesser

higher duty cycle. Assuming V1> V2

are the respective duty cycles for source 1 and

The operation is categorized in three modes as shown in

Figure 4. Modes of operation of three port

SEPIC/SEPIC converter

Where Deff is the effective duty of source 2, D

D1, and DD is the duty for which diode conducts, D

– D2.

Mode 1: S1 and S2 ON, only S1

In this mode although both S1

conducts as the voltage on the dc blocking capacitor C

greater than the voltage on C2

starts charging. C1, which is assumed to be pre

discharges through the S1. L2 and C

LM is discharged through C1. At the load side, capacitor C

supplies the output.

Figure 5. Mode 1 of three port unidirectional


Mode 2: S1 OFF and S2 ON

Once the switch S1 is open S

conducting. The direction of flow of current is as shown

in the Figure below. Here C1 and L

Output voltage is maintained by the load side capacitor,

C and the diode is reverse biased.

Modes of operation of three port unidirectional


is the effective duty of source 2, Deff = D2 –

is the duty for which diode conducts, DD = 1

conducts

and S2 are on but S1only

conducts as the voltage on the dc blocking capacitor C1 is

2. When S1 is closed, L1

which is assumed to be pre-charged,

and C2 are charged by V2.

t the load side, capacitor C

Mode 1 of three port unidirectional


is open S2 automatically starts

conducting. The direction of flow of current is as shown

and L1 are charged by V1.

Output voltage is maintained by the load side capacitor,

C and the diode is reverse biased.


473



Mode 3: S1 and S2 OFF, D conducts

When both the switches are off then the diode becomes

forward biased and behaves as short circuit. The

inductors L1 and L2 discharge thus charging C

respectively. LM also discharges through the load as

shown in figure.7.



4. Steady state analysis of three port unidirectional


Let us consider

1i = Current through 1L

2i = Current through 2L

LMi = Current through ML

C1V = Voltage through 1C

C2V = Voltage through 2C

CV = Voltage through C

While doing the analysis the voltage and current

ripples are assumed to be negligible. Writing the steady

state equations of the voltages and currents

Mode 1

ort unidirectional

When both the switches are off then the diode becomes

forward biased and behaves as short circuit. The

discharge thus charging C1 and C2

also discharges through the load as

Mode 3 of three port unidirectional

of three port unidirectional

While doing the analysis the voltage and current

to be negligible. Writing the steady

currents-

1L1

1 V dt

di L =

C1C22L2

2 V V V dt

di L +−=

C1LM

M V dt

di L =

)i (i dt

dV C L2LM

C11 +−=

L2C2

2 i dt

dV C =

R

V

dt

dV C CC

−=

Mode 2

C2C11L1

1 V V V dt

di L +−=

2L2

2 V dt

di L =

C2LM

M V dt

di L =

L1C1

1 i dt

dV C =

)i (i dt

dV C L1LM

C22 +−=

R

V

dt

dV C CC

−=

Mode 3

CC11L1

1 nV V V dt

di L −−=

CC22L2

2 nV V V dt

di L −−=

CLM

M Vn dt

di L −=

L1C1

1 i dt

dV C =

L2C2

2 i dt

dV C =

V)i i (in

dt

dV C LML2L1

C−++=

Now simplifying the equations from

rewriting again

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

R

VC (19)

implifying the equations from 1 to 19 and


474

C1effC1C21L1

1 (V D )V (V V dt

di L −−+=

(20)

C21C1C22L2

2 nV (V D )V (V V dt

di L +−−−=

DCeffC21C1LM

M D nV D V D V dt

di L −+=

)D (1 i D )i (i dt

dV C 1L11L2LM

C11 −++−=

effL1LML2effC2

2 D )i (i i )D (1 dt

dV C +−−=

DLML2L1CC D)i i (in

R

V

dt

dV C +++−=

At the steady state assuming

VV ,dt

di L

dt

di L

dt

di L C1

LMM

L22

L11 ===

dt

dV C

dt

dV C

dt

dV C and C1

1C2

2C1

1 ==

So CeffC21C1LM

M D nV D V D V dt

di L −+=

Putting the steady state assumption in the above

equation then the output voltage will become given in the

equation.no.26.

)D(1n

V D VDVV

2

2eff11OC

−

+== (2

The equation.no.26 represents the output voltage

expression of three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC

converter. On solving the steady state equations (

(25) by taking the left hand side as zero,

variables can be derived (iL1, iL2, iLM, VC1, V

RDn

DVIi

D

1O1L1 == (2

RDn

DVIi

D

effO2L2 == (2

Rn

VIi O

3LM == (2

1C1 VV = (30

2C2 VV = (3

O\C VV = (3

5. Three- port Bi-directional SEPIC/SEPIC

Converter(Topology- 2)

If one source is renewable dc source and other one is

battery then the circuit is called bi-direction

DCC1 )DnV +

DC )DnV (21)

(22)

(23)

eff (24)

(25)

VV ,V 2C21 =

DD

Putting the steady state assumption in the above

then the output voltage will become given in the

26)

represents the output voltage

three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC

ng the steady state equations (20) to

s zero, the six state

, VC2 and VC).

27)

(28)

(29)

(30)

31)

32)

SEPIC/SEPIC

If one source is renewable dc source and other one is

directional converter

as shown in Figure 3. Here if the source voltage is

greater than the battery voltage then the battery starts

charging through the other source. When the battery is

charged to a pre-set value then the whole structure acts as

a normal multiport SEPIC/SEPIC converter.

Figure 8. Three port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC

converter

Here there are two cases:

a. V < E, Discharging condition (Here both S

work and battery discharges)

b. V > E, Charging condition (Here S

and battery gets charged by the source V)

A. Discharging period

In this mode S1 and S2 operate for a duty cycle of D

respectively. The working principle of this mode is same

as the Multi input single output SEPIC/SEPIC converter.

Figure 9. Modes of operation of three port bidirectional

SEPIC/SEPIC converter (discharging)

Assuming D1 > D2, the output voltage equation is given

by,

)D(1n

V D EDVV

1

eff2OC

−

+==

B. Charging period

Here if the source voltage is

greater than the battery voltage then the battery starts

charging through the other source. When the battery is

set value then the whole structure acts as

a normal multiport SEPIC/SEPIC converter.

Three port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC

converter

V < E, Discharging condition (Here both S1 and S2

V > E, Charging condition (Here S2 remains off

battery gets charged by the source V)

operate for a duty cycle of D1, D2

respectively. The working principle of this mode is same

as the Multi input single output SEPIC/SEPIC converter.

Modes of operation of three port bidirectional

SEPIC/SEPIC converter (discharging)

the output voltage equation is given

(33)


475

When the battery voltage is less than the source voltage

and the charge across the battery is less than a pre

defined value, battery starts charging. S2

state throughout the charging period.

Figure 10. Modes of operation of three port bidirectional

SEPIC/SEPIC converter (charging)

Mode 1 (S2 is always in off state)

In this mode S1conducts for a period of D1

through the switch S1and the stored energy charges the

capacitor C2 and inductor LM. The inductor, L

pre-charged discharges through the anti-

present across S2 thus charges the battery and the

capacitor C2. At the output side the diode is reverse

biased so the constant output voltage is maintained by the

load capacitor C.

Figure.11 Mode 1 of three port bidirectional


Mode 2

In this mode both S1and S2 are in open state for a period

of 1‒D. The energy stored in the inductor L

through the capacitor C1 and charges it. The capacitor

which was getting charged in the previous cycle

discharges through the inductor L2 and charges the

battery. Inductor LM discharges through the load and

makes the diode forward biased.

When the battery voltage is less than the source voltage

and the charge across the battery is less than a pre-

remains in off

Modes of operation of three port bidirectional

SEPIC/SEPIC converter (charging)

1.C1 discharges

and the stored energy charges the

. The inductor, L2 which is

-parallel diode

thus charges the battery and the

. At the output side the diode is reverse

biased so the constant output voltage is maintained by the

Mode 1 of three port bidirectional

are in open state for a period

D. The energy stored in the inductor L1 discharges

and charges it. The capacitor

which was getting charged in the previous cycle

and charges the

discharges through the load and

Figure 12. Mode 2 of three port bidirectional


C. Steady state analysis of three port bidirectional


Neglecting the voltage and current

steady state equations of the voltages and currents

Mode 1

V dt

di L L1

1 =

E dt

di L L2

2 −=

C1LM

M V dt

di L =

)i (i dt

dV C L2LM

C11 +−=

)i (i dt

dV C L1LM

C22 +−=

R

V

dt

dV C CC

−=

Mode 2

CC1L1

1 nVVV dt

di L −−=

CC2

L2

2 nVEV dt

di L −−=

CLM

M nV dt

di L −=

L1C1

1 i dt

dV C =

L2C2

2 i dt

dV C =

R

V)ii(in

dt

dV C L2LL1

C−−+=

Mode 2 of three port bidirectional


of three port bidirectional

Neglecting the voltage and current ripples and writing the

steady state equations of the voltages and currents

(34)

(35)

(36)

(37)

(38)

(39)

(40)

(41)

(42)

(43)

(44)

R

VC (45)


476

D. Small Ripple Approximation of Multi-Port


As the parameters used in both three port unidirectional

SEPIC/SEPIC converter and three port bidirectional

SEPIC/SEPIC are same so only topology 1 is considered

for the calculation of those parameters. Here the current

ripples through the inductors are assumed to be 05 Amp

and the voltage ripples through the capacitors are

assumed to be 0.5 v.

From these assumptions the optimised values of L1. L2,

L, C1, C2, C have been calculated. Let us Consider three

modes (i.e. D1, Deff and DD) operating for t1, t2 and t3

period respectively.

Here assuming TDtDeffT,tT,Dt D3211 ===

In mode-1, the inductor L1current increases from a low

level to high level, say IL11 to IL12and in the next two

modes, and then it current falls from IL12 to IL11.So the

current ripple is considered to be L11L121L II∆I −=.

Figure 13. Inductor current and capacitor voltage

for source-1

1L1

1 Vdt

diL =

1

21

L11 V

tt

iL =

+

∆

1

321

1LL

)t(tVi

+=

1

211

L f

DVI =

1

211

I f

DVL = (46)

Where T

1f =

Similarly the voltage ripples can be assumed for

capacitor voltage. The capacitor voltageC1, decreases

from a high level, say VC12 to low level VC11during the

period t3. So the voltage ripple is considered to be

C11C121C VV∆V −=

∫∫++

==

3232 tt

O

1

1

tt

O

L1

1

C1 dtIC

1dti

C

1∆V

∆V f

)D(DIC

C1

Deff11

+= (47)

The inductor L2 current increases from a low level to

high level, say IL21 to IL22 and then it current falls from

IL22 to IL21.So the current ripple is considered to be

L21L222L II∆I −=

Figure 14. Inductor current and capacitor

voltage for source-2

22

2 Vdt

diLL =

2

212

2LL

)t(tVi

+=

2

222

L f

DVI =

2

222

I f

DVL = (48)

The capacitor C2, voltage decreases fromVC22

toVC21in the period. So the voltage ripple is considered to

be C21C22C2 VV∆V −=


477

∫∫++

==

1313 tt

O

2

2

tt

O

L2

2

C2 dtIC

1dti

C

1∆V

C2

eff22

∆V f

)D(1IC

−= (49)

The output side inductor L discharges from a

high value to low value say IL2 to IL1during the period t3.

The ripple is ∆ IL = IL2 – IL1.

Figure 15. Output side inductor current and

capacitor voltage

CLM nV

dt

di L −=

C

3

L nVt

∆iL −=−

L

ntV∆i 3C

L =

L

3C

∆i

ntVL =

L

2C

∆i f

)nD(1VL

−=

L

eff211

∆i f

DV DVL

+= (50)

The output side capacitor C, charges from a low

value say VC1 to high value to VC2during the period t3.

Here the ripple is ∆VC = VC2 – VC1.

∫+

−=−

21 tt

O

CC dt

R

V

C

1∆V

2

2C

eff211 D)fD(1n R∆V

DV DVC

−

+= (51)

Let us consider the ripple in the current across

the inductors is 0.5 amp and ripple in the voltage across

the capacitor is 0.5v. Assuming D1=40%, D2=70%,

V1=25v, V2=15v the circuit parameters obtained are

shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Circuit parameters of three port SEPIC/SEPIC

converter

Components Circuit parameter

values

L1 700µH

L2 420 µH

L 540 µH

C1 159.46 µF

C2 182.328 µF

6. Simulations and Results

In three port unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter the

sources 1 and 2 are of 25 V and 15 V respectively.

Switch 1 and switch 2 are given a pulse width of 40%

and & 70%. From the simulation the output voltage of 95

V is obtained is shown in the fig.30.The current and

voltages through the inductors and capacitors for sources

1 and 2 are shown in fig.29.In three port bidirectional

SEPIC/SEPIC convertersource1is 15 V and source2 is

battery voltage of 25 V with the state of charge of the

battery is 80%in the discharging condition. As the

voltage magnitude of battery is more than the

source1voltage the battery discharges. A constant output

voltage of 120 V is obtained for a duty cycle of 70%

shown in figure 30and31.

For the charging casesource1 is 25 V and the

voltage of battery is 15 V with the state of charge of the

battery is 20%. As the voltage magnitude of battery is

less than the supply voltage the battery charges. A

constant output voltage of 68 V is obtained for a duty

cycle of 70%. From the state of charge of the battery it

can be concluded that the battery is charging by the other

source shown in fig.32 and 33.


478

Figure 16. Output voltage and current waveforms of

three port Uni-directional SEPIC/SEPIC converter

Figure 17. Waveforms of voltage and current of

components of source1 and source 2

Case-1 (Discharging)Three- port bidirectional



Three- port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter

Figure 19. State of charge, battery current and

battery voltage

Case-2 (Charging)


three port bidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter


479

Figure 21. State of charge, battery current and

battery voltage

Table 3. Simulated and estimated value of output

voltage for different set of supplies in three port

unidirectional SEPIC/SEPIC converter

V1 V2 D1 D2 Vo

(simulated)

Vo

(est)

24 12 30 70 78 80

30 15 30 60 64 67.5

25 20 30 50 43.3 46

30 20 40 70 117.5 120

36 24 40 60 95 96

7. Conclusion

Multiple energy sources can be connected to the system

with a lot of flexibilities and compactness. Further

flexibility is achieved by connecting a battery system to

provide uninterrupted power supply. The charging and

discharging of the battery can be controlled, and the

system efficiency can be improved. The simulation

results have been provided to show the effectiveness of

the system and are compared with the results obtained

from the mathematical analysis.

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