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Analysis on Research Level of the Five Major Platform Technologies Related to theFourth Industrial Revolution

I. Understanding the Fourth Industrial Revolution

II. Analyzed Technology Derivation and Technology Summaries

III. Research Paper Performance Analysis Method

IV. Research Paper Performance Analysis Result

V. Status of NRF Research Project Support

VI. Implications

ISSUE REPORTISSN 2586-1131

2017_No.4ISSUE REPORT

ISSN 2586-1131

2017_No.4

R&D Policy Team, Center for R&D Policy & Innovation

[34113] 201, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

T. +82-42-869-6692 F. +82-42-869-6698www.nrf.re.kr

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NRF - 20141223-1-20







VI. Implications


2017_No.4

NRF - 20141223-1-20

I. Understanding the Fourth Industrial Revolution .................................................. 3

II. Analyzed Technology Derivation and Technology Summaries ........................ 5

III. Research Paper Performance Analysis Method...............................................17

IV. Research Paper Performance Analysis Result ................................................20

V. Status of NRF Research Project Support .........................................................48

VI. Implications .......................................................................................................51

Contents

<Reference> .............................................................................................................53

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Ι. Understanding the Fourth Industrial Revolution

■ As human civilization has advanced, there have been several turning points in its history so called the Agricultural Revolution, Scientific Revolution and Industrial Revolution, in general.

○ The Scientific Revolution, started in the 15th century and led to the First Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. It changed human kinds’ economic and social structure significantly, as three industrial revolutions have been carried out so far.

■ The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the form of human civilization, starting with the change of power and innovating the industrial and economic system, generally categorized as follows.

○ The First Industrial Revolution was the change of power using steam (people, animals → machinery).

○ The Second Industrial Revolution brought the mass production system using electricity and fossil fuels.

○ The Third Industrial Revolution was the emergence of the digital age based on electronic engineering and ICT.

■ The Fourth Industrial Revolution was mentioned at the Davos Forum in 2016 for the first time. It is expected to be a cyber-physical system (CPS) revolution based on the bio industry, 3D printers, robots, and artificial intelligence, but still there are many arguments around it.

※ Davos ForumThe Davos Forum was established in 1971, under the name of the 'European Management Forum'. It expanded the theme from Europe to the entire world in 1973, and the meeting place was fixed in Davos, Switzerland in 1981. It was renamed the World Economic Forum in 1987, but as held in Davos, it is commonly called the ‘Davos Forum’.

Comparison of the Four Revolutions

The First Revolution The Second Revolution

The Third Revolution The Fourth Revolution

Period 18th centuryFrom the 19th to the early 20th century

Later 20th century After 2015

MottoMechanization

revolution based on the steam engine

Mass production revolution based on

electric energy

Computer and Internet-based

knowledge information revolution

Intelligent revolution based on artificial intelligence

Contents

British textiles became a huge

industry by using the steam engine

Mass production using conveyor belts with power supplied to

factories

Emergence of global IT companies through the Internet and smart

revolution

Innovation of industrial structure social system by

hyper-connection and hyper-intellectualization of people,

objects, and space

Ⅰ. Understanding on the Fourth Industrial Revolution 3

4 Analysis on Research Level of the Five Major Platform Technologies Related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

■ The ultimate goal of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is automation, meaning that all work that used tobe done by people will be done without people.

○ Technologies enabling the automation of existing work to be done without the help of people have emerged ascore technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

○ Several industries with potential to bring the Fourth Revolution were addressed at the Davos Forum, e.g.,bio industries, 3D printing, robots, artificial intelligence, and IoT (the Internet of things), sharing onething in common: automation.

■ It is still arguable whether the Fourth Industrial Revolution is a global innovation to create an entirelynew world or just an extension of the information and communication revolution, but it is noteworthythat it changes the state of the industry and promotes an economic and social paradigm.

○ This study aims to understand the global research trends and the level of research in Korea by selecting the coreplatform technologies that provide the driving force of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

History of Industrial Revolution from the Fourth Industrial Revolution Viewpoint

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П. Analyzed Technology Derivation and Technology Summaries

1 Deriving the Technology to Analyze

■ As the platform technology constituting the Fourth Industrial Revolution is defined differently byinstitution or organization, in this research, five technologies - artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, cloudcomputing, and 3D printing - are selected as the main platform technologies and analyzed.

○ Platform technology is a base module technology to be used commonly and repeatedly to provide varioussystems and services. (Kim, 2017)

○ In this study, five platform technologies are selected based on the OECD report "The Next ProductionRevolution"

* The OECD presented six major technologies, but simulation was excluded as it is practically difficult to analyzewith keywords in papers; thus, the five aforementioned technologies were analyzed.

Comparison of Core Technologies Presented for the Fourth Industrial Revolution

InstitutionsWEF

(World Economic Forum)Industry 4.0

OECD"Next Production Revolution"

Presented technologies

• Unmanned transportation• 3D printing• Advanced robotics• New materials• IoT / remote monitoring• Block chain / Bit coin• Shared economy• Genetic engineering• Synthetic biology• Bio-printing

• Big data and analysis• Autonomous robots• Simulation• IoT• Cyber security• Cloud computing• 3D printing• Virtual reality

• Big data• Cloud computing• IoT• AI• 3D printing•Simulation

Source: Kim (2016)

Ⅱ. Analyzed Technology Derivation and Technology Summaries 5


Convergence Development Flowchart of Digital Technology Related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (OECD)

■ The ultimate goal of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is research and development of automation technology that replaces humans

○ To this end, technologies can be broadly divided into two categories: one is “body” technology and the other is “soul” technology. It can be said that robotics, genetic engineering, biology, and biotechnology are technologies for realizing the body, and artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, and cloud computing are technologies related to the soul, and 3D printing technology is for effective verification before each implementation.

○ This study selected and analyzed artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, cloud computing, and 3D printing technology because these are most likely to be realized in the near future, and they already show some visible progress.

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2 3D Printing

■ 3D printing technology, first introduced by 3D Systems in 1988 following Charles Hull's invention in 1984, first adopted SLA (stereolithography apparatus) technology but later developed a technique to create the molding through various methods with an input model.

○ 3D printing technology varies by the material used and how it is processed. Plastic is mainly used as a material, but metals and paper can also be used.

■ 3D printing dramatically improves manufacturing productivity through technology and procedures creating physical 3D objects by the use of digital technology.

○ The common processes of 3D printing are thermoplastic extrusion, inkjet, photopolymer, and laser sintering, and these expanded the production range and promoted popularization.

○ The processing stages of 3D printing are shown below, categorized depending on how it is sintered.

Details

Processing① Melt the material or prepare the powder② Create a cross section of an object through bonding or hardening process③ The target object is completed by stacking the cross sections

Sintering

● 3DP (3 dimension printing): Solidifying of powder material by spraying adhesive● FDM (fused deposition modeling): Solidifying melted material deposited layer by layer ● Polyjet: Curing with UV light after liquid photopolymer resin is sprayed ● DLP (digital light processing): Curing by light to container with liquid photopolymer resin● SLA (stereo-lithography apparatus): Solidifying by laser to container with liquid photopolymer resin● SLS (selective laser sintering): Using a laser as the power source to sinter powder material

■ Prototype development costs have been drastically reduced with the emergence of 3D printing technology.

○ 3D printing technology is a base technology transforming an existing structure where the Pareto principle (reducing production cost through mass production in small variety) is dominated into the long-tail structure (producing small quantities in various kinds).

○ The technology is currently recognized as a means to reduce the cost of prototype development. However, as the related technology advances, it is expected to bring a revolution in logistics by producing a product directly at home using a design plan sent to the customer online rather than delivering the product from the factory.

○ Still, there are many challenges in making such an expectation reality in the near future. Thus, it is foreseeable that the technology will be used for producing small quantities of various items and developing prototypes.

■ 3D printing has been used mainly for prototypes. Because of limitations in quality, cost, size, and time, the application area is now expanding into the development of 3D printer technology fields .

○ In the short term, 3D printing is expected to spread quickly to industries with high cost / small quantities such as automobiles, aerospace, medical equipment, etc., it will take some time to penetrate low cost / middle or mass production.



○ As the range of 3D print materials becomes wider (plastic, metal, ceramics, paper, cell, etc.), the ripple effect of the technology is also expected to increase.

Major Applications of 3D Printers

Dental medicaldevice

Human implantablemedical device

Customized devicefor treatments

Smart mold Personalized personalitems

3D electronicparts

TransportEquipment parts

Power generationparts

3D printing designservice

3D printing contentdistribution service

Source: Roadmap on 3D Printing Strategy Technology

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3 Internet of Things (IoT)

■ IoT technology started from the concept of "ubiquitous computing," as suggested by Mark Weiser in 1988

○ Ubiquitous computing is a set of technologies proposed to eliminate the restricted access to the network only through the terminal by inserting the network and computing functions into all things so that users can access any network anytime and anywhere without restriction of space and time.

○ In 1999, Kevin Ashton newly introduced the concept of IoT in which RFID and sensors were attached to existing objects and incorporated into the network.

○ Both ubiquitous computing and IoT aim to build a continuous network access environment without restriction of time and space, but ubiquitous computing chooses a top-down method while IoT takes a bottom-up one.

○ As the result of the bottom-up method, IoT is now more visible, and the concept has spread more widely.

■ Components of IoT can be defined as things with intelligence, connectivity and communication, and new value offering. The technical elements are sensing, network infrastructure, interfaces, and security.

Components Details

Things with intelligence Things with intelligence must have intelligence to act on their own

Connectivity and communication Things must communicate with other objects connected to the network

New value offerings New value must be provided through generated information

Composition and technological elements of the Internet of Things

Network Infrastructure

Service Interface

Acquisition and real-time delivery on information of

circumstances

Internet connectionon objects

SecurityPrevention of hacking and data leakage

Processing, handling and merging of collected

information

Sensing

Source: Internet of Things (Connecting Lab)



■ The main theme of IoT research is what kinds of things can work together to solve a given problem.

○ To do this, it is necessary to identify what objects are presently accessible, judge how to work with them, classify and assign tasks to each things, and put together tasks performed by each entity.

○ Currently, it is just a simple step to connect objects, but this is expected to advance later with research on how to link connected objects.

○ The existing AI field was studying the collaboration between entities - so called the Multi-Agent System, and this part is expected to be a junction between AI and IoT.

■ IoT is expected to be highly applicable through the technology of connecting devices and entities to the Internet network by incorporating sensors and communication functions in the objects.

○ With the utilization of IoT, it is foreseeable that the production process to will be integrated, production costs will be reduced, and all other services and future prediction technologies will be carried out in a transparent and prompt way.

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4 Big Data

■ The keywords of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are connectivity, data-based platform, speed, and automation, and big data* technology is the core of a hyper-connected and intelligent society in the future.

* A massive volume of data produced from various sources (people, objects, sensors, etc.).

Fourth Industrial Revolution and Big Data Technology

The four key elements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are ① Internet of things,② Big data③ Cloud computing④ Artificial intelligence▶ Big data acquired through IoT are stored in the cloud and analyzed and utilized through artificial intelligence.

[Source: Kim Chang-gyeong (2017)] Source: National Science and Technology Advisory Committee (2017)

○ Big data technology is divided into element technology for management, analysis, and offering of a data set, and comprehensive platform technology.

Classification Detailed technology

Big data analysis technologyData mining, natural language processing, text mining, emotion analysis, SNS analysis, cluster analysis, etc.

Big data processing technology Hadoop, NoSQL, in-memory computing etc.

Big data visualization technology Word cloud, infographic, etc.

○ If the core of artificial intelligence is determining how to create and use knowledge, big data can be viewed as the underlying technology for collecting, generating, processing, and managing the source data sets to create the knowledge.

○ The characteristics of big data are 3V (volume, velocity, and variety), as in recent years, and sometimes 4V (where veracity or value added are included).

The Third IndustrialRevolution

The FourthIndustrial Revolution

“Big Data is material for intelligence-oriented era.”

Automation Informatization Intelligence-oriented

BigData

AI IoT

Cloud



3V of Big Data

Source: www.datasciencentral.com

■ Big data is expected to realize data-driven innovation (DDI) by value extraction and result analysis of the large quantity of formal/informal data.

○ DDI by big data will be widely seen in production processes, organizations, and markets, and companies are paying attention to the effects of increasing labor productivity.

■ America's private enterprises like IBM, Microsoft, Google, Facebook, etc., are leading the global market, while the U.S. government is also promoting a R & D strategy.

○ In Europe and Japan, where private data are not widely used, promoting public big data policies are led by the government, while China emphasizes the linkage between the government and industry.

○ Academic research supporting the development of big data technology is actively carried out globally.

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5 Artificial Intelligence

■ The history of artificial intelligence is largely divided into three stages. Recently, the discussion of machine learning through deep learning has attracted attention.

Detailed technology advances

1950's American scholars held an AI debate at Dartmouth College in 1965 and later the AI research accelerated.* In the debate, scientists dreamed of a world in which machines (1) use language, (2) form concepts, (3) solve humankind's various problems, and (4) progress by themselves.

1980'sFocus on the development of rule-based expert systems in well-defined domains.* It was well applied to narrowly defined problems, but it was impossible to learn/process uncertainties

After 2000Sudden emergence of machine learning through deep learning. * The milestones where AI showed ability beyond human performance: chess (1977), quiz game (2011), Strong (2013), video/speech recognition (2015), the game of go (2016).

Recent Research of strong AI technology is started. * Current artificial intelligence technology is weak (narrow) AI, carrying out a certain given task. And strong (general) AI technology that can be applied to various recognition areas is still in its infancy.

■ Artificial intelligence can be largely classified into strong AI and weak AI, differentiated in accordance with the degree of similarity between human intelligence and artificial intelligence.

○ Strong AI: Strong AI not only behaves like a person, but it should be like a person on the inside. It is also considered impossible in reality, as the way the intelligence works is basically unknown.

○ Weak AI: Examples of weak AI are Deep Blue, who beat the chess champion, Watson, who won Jeopardy, Alpha Go, NPCs in MMORPG games, and other AI in the game. Weak AI has enough to mimic as if it has intelligence, and imitating intelligence for limited functions in limited domains is also possible.

■ There are two ways to create knowledge for artificial intelligence: the symbolic approach and the statistical approach.

○ Symbolic approach: The symbolic approach is a way to use symbols to represent the knowledge of domain experts. Basically, this follows the learning process of people with new knowledge.

*Advantages: Knowledge acquisition and behaviors based on the idea that knowledge is clearly observed.

*Disadvantages: Experts often fail to express their knowledge in a clear way.

○ Statistical approach: The statistical approach is a method to solve the problems of the symbolic approach, gaining knowledge by extracting the statistical meaning in the data set after aggregating sufficient data.

○ As the performance of the machine increases, knowledge generation through machine learning is attracting attention because more data can be collected easier, and statistical results can be calculated faster from the collected data.



■ Around AI, big data, cloud computing, IoT, block chain and fintech, VR, and AR are combined to create new platform and a value.

–> The role of AI and humans is optimized and evolving through robots and the Internet as a medium in CPS. (Evolution direction: simple knowledge → expert knowledge → judgment knowledge)

Cyber and physical space

Cyber :• Learn various situations relating to human activities → Optimized instruction and suggestion proposed

AI• Big data accumulation / analysis → new goals and hypotheses provided

Interface:Robot and

Internet

• Medium that connects cyber space and physical space • Tasks requested by AI and humans are carried out and feedback is given

Physical: Human

• New role as a user, manager, and developer of AI is expanded

Fusion of technology related to Fourth Industrial Revolution around AI

Coexistence of AI and Human

Source: “Industrial strength improvement through co-evolution by AI, robot and human,” Industrial Competitiveness Council (2016).

■ AI is expected to increase the level of economy and industry, improve educational opportunities and quality of life, and be utilized in the administration and security sectors.

Vision Applied field

Economy and industry manufacturing, logistics, finance, transportation, agriculture, marketing, communication, and science and technology

Improve educational opportunities and quality of life education, medical, legal, and customized services

Governmental administration and security security and law enforcement, safety, and forecasting

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6 Cloud Computing

■ Cloud computing is a concept combining grid computing with server-based computing technology.

○ Server-based computing is a type of computing environment in which one initial server computer and several terminals are combined. In the early days of computers, as the computer speed was faster than the actual computer operation, it was more efficient for multiple users to use a single computer than each one using one computer.

○ This is a structure designed to make full use of the CPU during wait time because the CPU wait rate is high, as I/O use time is longer than CPU usage time when using computers.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Server-Based Computing Systems

Note Contents

Advantages

- Basically, the terminal used by each user has a function that transmits only input to the server computer and receives the result value, so the cost of the terminal is low

- Users can create their own work environment if they can communicate with the server without space restrictions.

Disadvantages

- User must be online to do the task. A commumication cost is added to every task, and communication traffic is increased accordingly.

- As the content of the task and user information are stored on the server, it is vulnerable to server security breaches.

■ Grid computing is the collection of relatively inexpensive computer resources from multiple locations to reach the result of a supercomputer as a process of bundling several computers, splitting the content to be executed, assigning content to each computer, and collecting and combining the results.

○ As the advancement of grid computing complemented the limitations of the existing single server, the benefits of a server-based computing system became available.

○ Today, cloud computing technology uses client devices working as a terminal to connect to the cloud server, allowing the work environment to be used without constraints of time and space, and, with the server functions enhanced by grid computing, it is used as underlying technology to perform complex tasks at a low cost.



■ Cloud computing services have software, infrastructure, and platform as services.

Cloud computing service model

Classification Content

SaaS (Software as a Service) A software package as a service to the user.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) Data access support through resource provision such as servers

PaaS (Platform as a Service) Offering an environment to develop software

■ Based on the Internet, cloud computing is a technology contributing to business growth and expansion by connecting computer processing resources or data to computers or other devices and sharing them.

○ The use of cloud computing enables the tasks of organizations to be consolidated in common data storage and allows rapid processing and interoperability. Startups and small and medium-sized companies can lower ICT investment costs by providing large amounts of computing resources

Applicable Areas of Cloud Computing

Source: http://www.jhbarnes.net/CloudComputing.aspx

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Ш. Research Paper Analysis Methods

■ Analysis DB and tool

○ Analysis DB: Scopus DB (Elsevier)

○ Analysis Tool: Elsevier SciVal Analytics Engine

▪ Scopus-based research performance analysis solution- Can be used to establish strategic decision making and research strategy developed through research and comparative

analysis of more than 7,000 organizations and 220 countries

▪ Consists of an analytical menu such as Overview, Benchmarking, Collaboration, and Trends- Overview: Analysis of research results of more than 7,000 organizations and 220 countries- Benchmarking: Various analyses using 15 metrics- Collaboration: Analysis of existing research cooperation results and searching for future research cooperation partners- Trends: Analysis on research trend in the world around research keywords

○ Analysis period: 2012 - 2016 (5 years) (as of July 2017)

Ⅲ. Research Papers Performance Analysis Method 17


■ Evaluation metrics

○ Among the most commonly used indicators used in the analysis of research results, the analysis of each applied indicator was conducted based on the following evaluation metrics.

Evaluation Metrics for Major Research Performance Evaluation Metrics

Scholarly OutputThe total count of papers published by specific countries, institutions and researchers, to represent productivity

Citation CountThe total number of citations of the paper published by specific countries, institutions, and researchers

Field Weighted CitationImpact(FWCI)

The ratio of the total citations actually received by the denominator’s output, and the total citations that would be expected based on the average of the subject field. Average FWCI index =1, ex) When FWCI is 1.23, it means the research was cited 23% more compared to world average

Citations per Publication Average number of citations per paper

Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles

Ratio of cited papers that are in the top 1 % in the world

Absolute number of Top 10 Percentiles

The total count of cited papers that are in the top 10% in the world

International Collaboration rate The ratio of papers published together by authors in different countries

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■ Extracted Keywords Related to Five Technologies in the Papers

Technology Sub technology Extracted keywords

3D printing

Material technology for 3D Printing ((3D or 3-D or 3-dimension or "Three dimensional") and (print* or manufacture or product or "integrated circuits")) or (("rapid prototype" or additive or "layered manufacture") and (photolithography or Photopolymerization or stereolithography or "laser sinter"))

Spraying and processing for 3D Printing

IoT

IoT Security IoT or IOT or internet of things or MTC or "machine-to- machine" or "machine communication" or "smart object" or "smart thing" or "web of things" or WoT or "internet of everything" or IoE or "machine orient" or "smart object" or "ubiquitous sensor" or "Wireless sensor networks" or "network protocols" or "embedded systems" or "cyber physical systems"

IoT Platform

IoT Network

IoT Device

Big data

Big Data Storage, processing and management technology

((Big or large or volume) and (data or "data handling" or "data mining" or "data processing" or "data visualization" or "database systems" or "distributed computer systems" or "Learning systems" or "Predictive analytics" or "Competitive intelligence"))

Big Data collecting technology

Big Data analysis and prediction technology

AI

Learning and reasoning technology ("artificial intelligence" or AI or "Adaptive systems" or "Ambient intelligence" or "Autonomous agents" or Backpropagation or Biocybernetics or "Brain models" or "Case based reasoning" or "cognitive systems") or (((machine or unsupervised or supervised or Reinforcement) and learning) or (neuromorphic or "neuro feedback" or "brain feedback" or "brain wave" or EEG or Electroencephalogram or artificial neural network or BCI or "brain computer interface"))

Other AI technologies

Situation Understanding technology

Visual Understanding Technology

Language Understanding Technology

Neurocomputing Technology

Cloud computing

Other Clouding technology cloud or virtualization or "Virtual machine" or "Computer operating systems" or "Cloud chambers" or "Cloud computing" or "Cloud seeding" or "Cluster computing" or "Data as a service" or "DaaS" or "Grid computing" or "Infrastructure as a service" or IaaS

Cloud linking technology

Cloud platform technology

Ⅲ. Research Papers Performance Analysis Method 19


IV. Research Paper Performance Analysis

1 Summary on Result Analysis

■ Among the major countries, the U.S. and China are at the top of the field in terms of the number of papers, while Germany, England, and India also show strength.

○ In quantitative terms (the number of papers) Korea placed on eighth in 3D printing and fifth in IoT, but in Big data (14th), AI(13th), Cloud computing(12th), they were relatively weak.

Country Ranking on Five Technologies (Based on Scholarly Output)

Ranking 3D printing IoT Big data AI Cloud computing

1 U.S. China U.S. U.S. U.S.

2 China U.S. China China China

3 Germany India U.K. U.K. Germany

4 U.K. Germany Germany Germany U.K.

5 Japan Korea(5th) France India India

Korea(8th) - Korea(14th) Korea(13th) Korea(12th)

○ In terms of quality including FWCI*, Korea's standing is lower than that of the U.S. and major European countries and higher than other Asian countries including China and Japan.

* FWCI is the ratio of the total citations actually received by the denominator’s output, and the total citations that would be expected based on the average of the subject field. Average FWCI index =1, E.g. A FWCI of 1.23 means the research was cited 23% more compared to the world average

FWCI of Major Countries on Five Platform Technologies

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■ Korea accounts for 2.7% of the world's papers, slightly below the world average in terms of quality.

○ Compared to the U.S., a lead country in the field, the quality gap is large.

Comparison of Research Papers : World vs. Korea vs. U.S.

Category 3D printing IoT Big data AICloud

computing

World

Scholarly Output (5 years) 78,237 79,671 391,948 280,707 228,270

FWCI 1.2 1.23 1.41 1.16 1.19

Citation per Publication 5.7 3.1 6.6 5.5 4.3

Korea


FWCI 1.21 1.11 1.34 1.16 1.04

Citation per Publication 6.7 3.1 7 5.5 3.9

U.S.


FWCI 1.72 2.05 1.95 1.84 1.71

Citation per Publication 8.49 5.76 9.78 9 7.33

FWCI on Five Platform Technology

IV. Research Papers Performance Analysis Result 21


■ Institutions in China, and France showed strength in terms of scholarly output, while in terms of quality index, the American institutions placed in the upper ranks.

○ One to six domestic institutions are positioned within the top 100 of Scholarly output standards for each category.

Ranking of Major Research Institutes (Based on Scholarly Output)

Ranking 3D printing IoT Big data AI Cloud computing

1Chinese Academy

of SciencesChinese Academy

of SciencesCNRS

Chinese Academy of Sciences

CNRS

2Ministry of

Education ChinaMinistry of

Education ChinaChinese Academy

of SciencesCNRS

Chinese Academy of Sciences

3 CNRS CNRS Harvard University Harvard UniversityUniversite Paris

Saclay

4 Harvard UniversityBeijing University

of Posts and elecommunications

Universite Paris Saclay

Ministry of Education China

Ministry of Education China

5Universite Paris

SaclayUniversite Paris

SaclayUniversity of

TorontoUniversity College

LondonHarvard University

Seoul National University(25th)

KAIST(86th)

Korea University(90th)

Sungkyunkwan University (95th)

ETRI(25th)

Sungkyunkwan University (33th)

KAIST(42th)

Korea University(77th)


Kyungpook National

University(99th)




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2 Analysis of 3D Printing

■ Summary of major indicators

○ In the past five years, more than 78,000 papers have been searched in the world. The major indicators used in the field are as follows.

Performance Indicators of the World's Publication

Performance Indicator 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total/Average

Scholarly Output 13,117 14,209 15,854 16,747 18,310 78,237

Citation Count 139,122 120,494 93,751 63,020 25,782 442,169

FWCI 1.15 1.22 1.2 1.22 1.19 1.2

Citation per Publication 10.6 8.5 5.9 3.8 1.4 5.7

○ In the past five years, more than 3,000 papers have been searched in Korea. The major indicators used in the field are as follows.

Performance Indicators of Korea's Publication


Scholarly Output 528 517 661 732 763 3,201

Citation Count 6,232 5,754 4,927 3,177 1,214 21,304

FWCI 1.19 1.28 1.27 1.2 1.15 1.21


○ The FWCI and citations per publication trends in the last five for the world versus Korea are as follows.

FWCI : World vs. Korea Citation per Publication : World vs. Korea



■ Analysis of keywords

○ The major keyword in the world's publications in the field is shown below.

Major Analysis on Keywords(World)

* Text size represents frequency; red represents increase and blue represents decrease.

○ The major keywords in Korea's publications are the field is shown below.



○ Comparison of the Top Ten Keywords in the World and Korea

Ranking World's publications Korea's publications

1 Printing Printing

2 Manufacture Three dimensional

3 Three dimensional Design

4 Design Integrated circuits

5 Three dimensional computer graphics Scaffolds

6 Production Three dimensional computer graphics

7 Technology Electronics packaging

8 Rapid prototyping Production

9 Models Printing presses

10 Antennas Fabrication

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■ Analysis of countries

○ In comparing the number of publications by country, the U.S., China, and Germany ranked in the top three and Korea ranked eighth.

Publication Status 2012–2016

○ Comparing the major indicators of the top ten countries, the U.S., China, and U.K. represented the top three in the absolute number of Top 1 percentiles, and FWCI which shows quality standards, the U.K., U.S., and Italy followed.

Ranking (Scholarly Output)

CountryScholarly Output

Absolute numberof

Top 1 PercentilesFWCI

Citation per Publication

1 U.S. 17,833 453 1.72 8.49

2 China 15,763 233 0.99 5.23

3 Germany 5,620 110 1.54 7.37

4 U.K. 4,086 126 1.73 8.61

5 Japan 3,884 48 1.09 5.87

6 France 3,429 77 1.45 7.38

7 India 3,335 28 0.87 4.47

8 Korea 3,201 59 1.21 6.66

9 Italy 2,824 56 1.64 7.55

10 Canada 2,809 46 1.48 7.28



■ Analysis of each institution

○ Among the major institutions, the Chinese and French institutions such as China Science Academy (CAS) and CNRS, showed strength in scholarly output. Korea's Seoul National University and KAIST ranked 25th and 86th, respectively.

○ Based on FWCI criteria for qualitative levels, Harvard University and other institutions in the U.S. including MIT and Cornell University, were on top.

Major Institutions Based on Scholarly Output(World)

Ranking InstitutionScholarly Output

Absolute numberof



1 Chinese Academy of Sciences 1,630 53 1.41 8.76

2 Ministry of Education China 1,240 24 1.19 6.46

3 CNRS 1213 48 1.65 9.86

4 Harvard University 542 63 3.17 20.34

5 Universite Paris Saclay 515 26 1.85 10.64

6 Tsinghua University 505 27 1.76 9.51

7 Zhejiang University 472 12 1.41 7.68

8 CSIC 467 13 1.58 9.56

9 CEA 451 19 1.79 9.16

10 U.S. Department of Agriculture 441 3 1.26 7.15

11 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 439 42 3.01 16.85

12 Universidade de Sao Paulo 416 9 1.22 6.81

13 Peking University 391 20 1.67 9.63

14 RAS 389 1 0.68 3.62

15 University of Tokyo 387 13 1.55 9.76

16 Shanghai Jiaotong University 380 11 1.41 7.39

17 University of Texas at Austin 364 11 2.16 8.5

18 University of Michigan 363 18 2.24 11.78

19 Georgia Institute of Technology 359 13 2.28 7.88

20 Texas A and M University 349 10 1.7 7.37

25 Seoul National University 312 9 1.46 8.63

86 KAIST 210 9 1.76 10.27

90 Korea University 210 6 1.36 8.28

95 Sungkyunkwan University 207 4 1.39 6.99

www.nrf.re.kr

○ Korea’s top 20 institutions are given below. Seoul National University, KAIST, and Korea University were in the upper ranks based on scholarly output.

Major Institutions Based on Scholarly Output(Korea)


Absolute numberof




2 KAIST 210 9 1.76 10.27



5 Yonsei University 167 3 1.17 6.19

6 Hanyang University 143 4 1.06 5.47

7 POSTECH 143 12 2.28 12.82

8 Pusan National University 140 2 1.18 6.39

9 Kyung Hee University 137 3 1.31 8.9

10 Kyungpook National University 127 3 1.33 7.93

11 Chungnam National University 118 0 0.92 5.06

12 Konkuk University 114 4 1.3 7.64

13 Chonnam National University 98 5 1.59 9.17

14 Samsung 87 0 1.23 3.66

15 Inha University 86 2 1.24 6.29

16 Ajou University 84 1 1.04 6.24

17 Chonbuk National University 79 2 1.47 8.42

18 ETRI 76 0 0.7 3

19 Kangwon National University 76 3 1.24 7.82

20 KIST 71 1 1.14 7.51



3 Analysis of IoT


○ In the past five years, more than 80,000 papers have been searched in the world. The major indicators used in

the field are as follows.




Citation Count 78,075 68,050 55,535 35,364 12,440 249,464

FWCI 1.16 1.18 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.23



Performance Indicators of Korea’s Publications

Performance Indicator 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Total/

Average

Scholarly Output 666 646 700 813 1,060 3,885

Citation Count 4,614 2,744 2,423 1,667 749 12,197

FWCI 1.04 0.94 1.17 1.21 1.16 1.11


○ The FWCI and citations per publication trends in the last five years for the world versus Korea are as follows.


www.nrf.re.kr


○ The major keywords in the world's publications in the field are shown below.



○ The major keyword in Korea's publications in the field are shown below.

Major Analysis on Keywords(Korea)


○ Comparison of the Top Ten Keywords of the World and Korea

Ranking World's publications Korea's publications 1 Wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks2 Sensor nodes Sensor nodes3 Embedded systems Internet4 Internet Embedded systems5 Sensor networks Sensor networks6 Energy utilization Network protocols7 Network protocols Energy efficiency8 Algorithms Energy utilization9 Sensors Sensors10 Energy efficiency Communication




○ Comparing the number of publications by country, China, the U.S., and India ranked as the top three and Korea ranked fifth.


○ Comparing the major indicators of the top ten countries, the U.S., China, and Italy were the top three in the Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles, and FWCI which shows quality standards, Italy, the U.S., and the U.K. followed.

Ranking(Scholarly Output)


Absolute numberof



1 China 19,221 155 0.94 2.64

2 U.S. 11,490 187 2.05 5.76

3 India 7,714 21 0.83 1.7

4 Germany 4,134 44 1.73 4.06

5 Korea 3,885 31 1.11 3.14

6 Italy 3,608 66 2.44 6.49

7 France 3,583 34 1.55 4.01

8 U.K. 3,319 58 1.77 5.08

9 Spain 2,516 27 1.65 5.22

10 Japan 2,377 20 1.15 2.92

www.nrf.re.kr


○ Among the major institutions, Chinese and French institutions such as China Science Academy (CAS) and CNRS showed strength in scholarly output. Korea's ETRI and Sungkyunkwan University ranked 25th and 33rd, respectively.

○ Based on the FWCI criteria for qualitative levels, institutions in Europe and the U.S. including University of Bologna, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, University of Michigan, University of California, Berkeley, and Intel ranked at the top.

Major institutions based on Scholarly Output(World)


Absolute numberof



1 Chinese Academy of Sciences 961 23 1.33 4.422 Ministry of Education China 868 6 0.93 3.233 CNRS 850 3 1.25 3.01

4Beijing University of Posts and

Telecommunications718 7 1.03 3.36

5 Universite Paris Saclay 565 5 1.44 4.16

6 Tsinghua University 529 13 2.32 5.98

7INRIA Institut National de

Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique

441 4 1.96 4.63

8 Zhejiang University 439 7 1.69 5.069 Shanghai Jiaotong University 405 20 1.97 7.410 Anna University 400 0 0.58 1.5911 Northeastern University China 398 4 0.84 2.29

12Nanjing University of Posts and

Telecommunications382 1 0.75 1.88

13 Southeast University 378 1 0.89 2.7214 Harbin Institute of Technology 367 3 1.36 3.39

15Huazhong University of Science

and Technology366 8 1.9 6.25

16 Beihang University 349 10 1.37 4.6517 Nanyang Technological University 332 10 2.18 7.7518 Xidian University 327 5 1.33 3.4619 Islamic Azad University 320 1 0.94 3.420 Beijing Jiaotong University 310 1 1.02 2.6525 ETRI 305 1 0.86 1.9933 Sungkyunkwan University 261 4 1.23 5.1442 KAIST 236 4 1.75 4.6277 Korea University 194 4 1.46 4.8490 Seoul National University 185 2 1.29 4.199 Kyungpook National University 174 2 1.24 2.78



○ Korea’s top 20 institutions are shown below. Based on scholarly output, ETRI, Sungkyunkwan University, and KAIST were in the upper ranks.

Major institutions based on Scholarly Output(Korea)


Absolute numberof



1 ETRI 305 1 0.86 1.99


3 KAIST 236 4 1.75 4.62








11 Samsung 121 1 2.04 3.92

12 Soongsil University 113 0 0.7 1.3

13 Chungnam National University 101 0 0.74 1.92

14 Dongguk University 71 1 1.16 2.51


16 Chung Ang University 66 1 1.33 4.14

17Seoul National University of

Science and Technology65 1 0.79 2.69

18 University of Ulsan 62 1 0.79 2.58



www.nrf.re.kr

4 Analysis of Big Data



Performance Indicators of the World’s Publication



Citation Count 905,351 720,915 537,883 311,618 109,724 2,585,491

FWCI 1.49 1.43 1.41 1.35 1.36 1.41



Performance Indicators of Korea's Publication



Citation Count 23,950 13,853 14,647 8,748 2,910 64,108

FWCI 1.56 1.27 1.26 1.33 1.32 1.34

Citation per Publication 16.5 9 7.9 4.1 1.4 7






○ The major keyword in the world's publications in the field are shown below



○ The major keyword in Korea's publications in the field are shown below

Major Analysis on Keywords(Korea)




1 Models Models

2 Algorithms Algorithms

3 Data mining Korea

4 Patients Data handling

5 Digital storage Data mining

6 Data handling Republic of Korea

7 Cloud computing Patients

8 Research Digital storage

9 Applications Cloud computing

10 Database systems Industry

www.nrf.re.kr


○ In comparing the number of publications by country, the U.S., China, and U.K. ranked as the top three and Korea ranked eighth.


○ Comparing the major indicators of the top ten countries, the U.S., U.K., and Germany took the top three places in the Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles, and FWCI which shows quality standards, the U.K., Canada, and Australia followed.



Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles FWCI


1 U.S. 122,535 3,759 1.95 9.78

2 China 61,931 842 1.1 4.89

3 U.K. 35,978 1,576 2.18 11.88

4 Germany 33,159 1,286 2.03 11.08

5 France 21,650 867 2.01 11.5

6 Italy 20,013 753 2.05 10.95

7 Canada 19,336 769 2.17 11.93

8 Australia 18,583 687 2.13 10.91

9 India 16,009 162 1.04 4.73

10 Japan 14,662 352 1.47 8.39

14 Korea 9,107 154 1.34 7.04




○ Among the major institutions, Chinese, French, and U.S. institutions such as China Science Academy (CAS), CNRS and Harvard University showed strength in scholarly output. Korea's Seoul National University ranked 100th.

○ Based on the FWCI criteria for qualitative levels, institutions in the U.S. and U.K including University of Chicago, UC Berkeley, Oxford University, and Carnegie Mellon University were on top.


Ranking institutionScholarly Output

Absolute numberof



1 CNRS 7,888 400 2.19 14.19


3 Harvard University 6,555 615 3.12 20.76

4 Universite Paris Saclay 3,788 245 2.69 17.13

5 University of Toronto 3,451 260 3.38 20.97

6 Stanford University 3,416 317 3.42 18.4

7 University College London 3,380 259 3.29 20.99


9 University of Oxford 3,206 314 3.92 24.85

10 University of Washington 3,140 258 3.38 22.96

11 University of Michigan 3,084 200 2.54 14.05

12 University of Cambridge 2,749 256 3.47 22.89

13 Johns Hopkins University 2,694 210 3.79 25.51

14 Imperial College London 2,683 186 3.52 21.87

15 CSIC 2,669 186 2.7 18.64

16 Tsinghua University 2,617 79 1.93 6.76

17 University of California at Los Angeles 2,556 166 2.72 17.72

18 Columbia University 2,544 214 3.43 23.6

19Massachusetts Institute of

Technology2,483 198 2.99 17.42

20 University of British Columbia 2,403 182 3.43 23

100 Seoul National University 1,331 37 1.74 8.81

www.nrf.re.kr

○ Korea’s top 20 institutions are shown below. Based on scholarly output, Seoul National University, Yonsei University, and Korea University were in the upper ranks.



Absolute numberof



1 Seoul National University 1,331 37 1.74 8.81




5 KAIST 506 8 1.48 6.18








13 Ewha Womans University 212 5 1.3 8.42

14 The Catholic University of Korea 211 1 1.05 5.52

15 Kangwon National University 208 15 1.73 11.76



18 POSTECH 200 2 1.53 8.62


20 ETRI 196 2 0.84 2.46



5 Analysis of AI






Citation Count 522,622 427,796 323,575 192,470 63,893 1,530,356

FWCI 1.23 1.21 1.3 1.3 1.26 1.26

Citation per Publication 10.3 8 5.8 3.4 1 5.5

○ In the past five years, more than 6,000 papers have been searched in Korea. The major indicators used in the field are as follows

Performance Indicators of Korea's Publications



Citation Count 12,032 9,748 6,472 4,663 1,624 34,539

FWCI 1.21 1.1 1.08 1.26 1.15 1.16




www.nrf.re.kr


○ The major keyword in the world's publications in the field are shown below.

Major Analysis of Keywords(World)



Major Analysis of Keywords(Korea)


○ Comparison of Top Ten Keywords of the World and Korea

Ranking World's publication Korea's publication

1 Neural networks Neural networks

2 Learning systems Learning systems

3 Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence

4 Models Neural Stem Cells

5 Learning algorithms Learning algorithms

6 Classification (of information) Support vector machines

7 Algorithms Models

8 Support vector machines Classification (of information)

9 Forecasting Forecasting

10 Brain Brain




○ Comparing the number of publications by country, the U.S., China, and U.K. ranked as the top three and Korea ranked 13th.


○ Comparing the major indicators of the top ten countries, the U.S., China, and U.K. took the top three places in the Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles, and FWCI which shows quality standards, the U.S., U.K., and Canada followed.


Country Scholarly Output Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles FWCI


1 U.S. 71,919 2,116 1.84 9

2 China 54,986 604 0.97 3.69

3 U.K. 19,050 561 1.78 8.88

4 Germany 16,186 385 1.59 8.05

5 India 15,807 82 0.86 2.78

6 Japan 12,403 109 0.94 4.97

7 Canada 11,586 259 1.77 8.93

8 Italy 10,254 167 1.64 7.08

9 France 10,104 193 1.48 7.04

10 Australia 9,162 218 1.71 7.51

13 Korea 6,246 86 1.16 5.53

www.nrf.re.kr


○ Among the major institutions, the Chinese, French, and U.S. institutions such as China Science Academy (CAS), CNRS, and Harvard University showed strength in scholarly output. Korea's Seoul National University ranked in 74th.

○ Based on FWCI criteria for qualitative levels, institutions in the U.S. and Canada including Microsoft, UC Berkeley, Howard Hughes Institute, Stanford University, and University of Montreal, University of Toronto were on top.



Absolute numberof




2 CNRS 3,325 63 1.51 8.09





7 Stanford University 1,966 196 3.29 17.65

8 Islamic Azad University 1,766 32 1.34 4.97

9 INSERM 1,655 56 1.57 11.23

10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1,645 112 2.8 13.97

11 University of California at Los Angeles 1,618 81 2.24 13.36


13 Johns Hopkins University 1,569 80 2.19 11.67

14 Carnegie Mellon University 1,543 56 2.8 8.8

15 University of California at San Diego 1,523 70 2.02 12.57

16 University of Michigan 1,498 59 2.61 11.98

17 University of Oxford 1,494 78 2.5 12.7

18 National Institutes of Health 1,492 98 2.09 15.71

19 Shanghai Jiaotong University 1,466 15 1.23 4.54

20 Zhejiang University 1,450 24 1.29 5.57




○ Korea’s top 20 institutions are shown below. Based on scholarly output, Seoul National University, KAIST, andKorea University were in the upper ranks.



Absolute numberof





3 KAIST 507 8 1.46 6.17





8 Yeungnam University 229 9 2.27 10.76








16 POSTECH 135 3 2.12 5.9


18 KIST 133 3 1.39 8.05

19 ETRI 119 1 0.78 2.34

20 Konkuk University 119 3 1 8.07

www.nrf.re.kr

6 Analysis of Cloud Computing


○ In the past five years, more than 230,000 papers have been searched in the world. The major indicators

used in the field are as follows.


Performance Indicator

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Total/

Average


Citation Count 333,443 287,403 205,773 122,650 39,485 988,754

FWCI 1.22 1.23 1.18 1.17 1.15 1.19


8.1 6.5 4.4 2.6 0.8 4.3


Performance Indicators of Korea’s Publications

Performance Indicator

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Total/

Average


Citation Count 8,033 7,721 6,230 3,313 1,316 26,613

FWCI 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.03 0.94 1.04


7 6.2 4.4 2.2 0.9 3.9






○ The major keyword in the world's publications in the field are shown below.

Major Analysis of Keywords(World)



Major Analysis of Keywords(Korea)




1 Clouds Cloud computing

2 Cloud computing Clouds

3 Virtual reality Virtual reality

4 Models Mobile devices

5 Applications Applications

6 Algorithms Augmented reality

7 Technology Models

8 Research Servers

9 Industry Technology

10 Design Management

www.nrf.re.kr


○ When comparing the number of publications by country, the U.S., China, and Germany ranked in the top three and Korea ranked 12th.


○ When comparing the major indicators of the top ten countries, the U.S., Germany, and U.K. were the top three in the Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles, and FWCI which shows quality standards, Italy, the U.S., and Canada followed.


Country Scholarly Output Absolute number of Top 1 Percentiles FWCI


1 U.S. 53,470 1,118 1.71 7.33

2 China 41,626 329 0.9 3.11

3 Germany 17,924 389 1.62 7.25

4 U.K. 15,601 376 1.66 7.44

5 India 11,931 51 0.83 2.61

6 France 10,912 198 1.45 6.77

7 Italy 10,585 182 1.75 6.36

8 Japan 9,714 77 1 4.09

9 Canada 8,689 185 1.7 6.94

10 Spain 8,600 136 1.42 5.83

12 Korea 6,812 49 1.04 3.91




○ Among the major institutions, the Chinese and French institutions such as China Science Academy (CAS), CNRS, and Universite Paris Saclay showed strength in scholarly output. Korea's Seoul National University ranked 70th.

○ Based on the FWCI criteria for qualitative levels, institutions in the U.S. and Australia including University of Melbourne, UC Berkeley, Carnegie Mellon University, Washington University, and Stanford University were on top.



Absolute numberof



1 CNRS 3,955 108 1.5 8.84


3 Universite Paris Saclay 2,071 48 1.48 8.22




7 University of Tokyo 1,233 23 1.29 7.82

8 Universite Pierre et Marie Curie 1,201 44 1.78 10.34

9Beijing University of Posts and

Telecommunications1,185 12 1.02 2.8

10 PSL Research University 1,140 33 1.65 10.91


12 Beihang University 1,105 8 0.93 3.03

13 Shanghai Jiaotong University 1,072 18 1.5 4.72

14 RAS 1,061 7 0.91 3.56

15 California Institute of Technology 1,060 49 1.88 13.24

16 ETH Zurich 1,060 55 2.52 12.12

17 Wuhan University 1,036 12 1.2 3.76


19 University of Wisconsin 1,029 34 1.9 10.46

20 Zhejiang University 1,012 10 1.01 3.94


www.nrf.re.kr

○ Korea’s top 20 institutions are shown below. Based on scholarly output, Seoul National University, KAIST, andElectronics and Telecommunications Research Institute were in the upper ranks.


Ranking institutionScholarly Output

Absolute numberof




2 KAIST 515 7 1.36 5.5

3 ETRI 433 1 0.92 2.06






9 Samsung 175 2 1.77 4.26

10 Dongguk University 160 1 0.68 3.87


12 POSTECH 144 5 2.15 11.45

13 KISTI 132 1 0.56 2.51




17 KIST 122 0 0.79 3.34

18 GIST 119 0 1.18 4.5


20 Soongsil University 116 0 0.6 1.45




■ Analysis summary

○ Analysis Purpose: To analyze the status of research projects supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea by linking the performance analysis of research

○ Analyzed DB and items: Project title and research keywords of National Research Foundation of Korea for the last five years (from 2012 to 2016)

※ Projects subject to analysis are limited to basic research projects and national policy research projects in the science and engineering fields.

○ Analyzed keywords

Technology Major keywords

3D printing3D printing, cell printing, 3D lithography, 3D patterning, 3D micro manufacturing, additive manufacture

IoT IoT(internet of everything), Internet of Things, M2M(machine to machine)

Big Data Big Data

AI AI, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning

Cloud Computing Cloud, virtualization

※ Extract projects via major and similar keywords in accordance with research project keywords DB, excluding projects that are not relevant

■ Status of support

○ Support for five technologies has risen in recent years. It is analyzed that approximately 700 projects and KRW 73 billion were supported as of 2016.

Support Status (2012-2016)

Technology 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

3D printingNumber of projects 13 16 35 59 97

Won (hundred million) 21 34.7 38 72.9 120.8

IoTNumber of projects 6 8 36 92 149

Won (hundred million) 3.4 4.9 23.6 77.3 124.4

Big DataNumber of projects 20 62 102 162 200


AINumber of projects 43 47 58 90 228


Cloud Computing Number of projects 70 94 106 107 117

Won (hundred million) 59.4 72.1 84.7 84.4 93

Total Number of projects 145 211 315 458 702


※ Some projects overlap in two to three categories.

www.nrf.re.kr

○ In particular, resources for big data after 2013 and AI after 2016 has seen dramatic increases.

Trend in the Number of Projects Supported for Each Technology 2012–2016

Trend in Volume of Funds for Each Technology 2012–2016

■ Support status by project

○ (Basic research projects) consist of 86% of the supported projects and 62% of the overall funding volume.○ (National research projects) consist of only 14% of the supported projects but take 38% of the overall

funding volume.

Project 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Basic research project

Number of projects 132 196 285 413 607

Won (hundred million) 103.1 138.8 196.4 306.8 456

National research projects

Number of projects 13 15 30 45 95


V. Current Status of NRF Research Project Support 49


■ Top Ten Institutions Based on the Number of Projects Supported (as of 2016)

Ranking 3D printing IoT Big Data AI Cloud Computing

Institutions Number of projects Institutions Number of

projects Institutions Number of projects Institutions Number of

projects Institutions Number of projects

1 Seoul National University 8 Sungkyunkwan

University 12 Korea University 19 Seoul National University 19 Sungkyunkwan

University 8

2 Ajou University 5 KAIST 8 Seoul National University 16 Korea University 17 KAIST 7

3 Yonsei University 5 Seoul National University 8 KAIST 10 KAIST 14 Hanyang

University 7

4 Hanyang University 4 Hanyang

University 6 Yonsei University 7 Sungkyunkwan University 11 Soongsil

University 6

5 Sungkyunkwan University 4 Gachon University 5 Chung Ang

University 7 UNIST 10 Chungbuk University 5

6 Korea University 4 Ewha Womans University 4 Hanyang

University 6 Yonsei University 10 Seoul National University 4

7 POSTECH 3 Korea University 4 Sungkyunkwan University 6 Ajou University 7 Korea University 4

8Ulsan National

Institute of Science and Technology

3 Yonsei University 4 Inha University 6Kyungpook

National University

6 Soonchunhyang University 4

9 KIST 3Kyungpook

National University

4 University of Seoul 6 Inha University 5 Yonsei University 3

10 KAIST 3 Ajou University 4 University of Ulsan 5 Chonbuk National

University 5 Ajou University 3

■ Top Ten Institutions Based on the Volume of Funding (as of 2016)

Ranking3D Printing IoT Big Data AI Cloud Computing

Institution Research fund(million won) Institution Research

fund(million won) Institution Research fund(million won) Institution Research

fund(million won) Institution Research fund(million won)

1 Vitzotech 1,150.00 KAIST 1,097.60 Seoul National University 2,056.40

Korea Aerospace

Research Institute2,990.00 KAIST 1,048.00

2 Seoul National University 1,031.50 Sungkyunkwan

University 1,087.80Korea Carbon

Capture &Sequestration R&D Center

1,990.00 Seoul National University 2,014.30 Sungkyunkwan

University 771.5

3 POSTECH 909 Seoul National University 788.6 Korea University 1,925.00 KAIST 1,711.10 Seoul National

University 566.5

4 Hallym University 730 National Nanofab Center 600

Korea Atomic Energy Research

Institute1,500.00 Korea University 1,469.30 Korea University 500.5

5 UNIST 652.2 Hanyang University 510.1 Chosun University 1,495.00 UNIST 1,427.80 Yonsei University 499

6 Hanyang University 645.1 Ewha Womans

University 491.2 Hanyang University 1,370.00

Center for Integrated Smart

Sensors938 Hanyang

University 450.4

7Korea

Aerospace Research Institute

600 POSTECH 410Korea Research

Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology

916.7 Yonsei University 924.6Korea Research

Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology

416.7

8 Ajou University 586.9Chungbuk National

University349.3 Yonsei University 865.4 Sungkyunkwan

University 644.5 Soongsil University 332.2

9 Yonsei University 519.7 Korea University 321.9The Catholic University of

Korea830 Ewha Womans

University 600.5Chungbuk National

University252.9

10 Sungkyunkwan University 456 Yonsei University 309.8 POSTECH 822.3 Infomediitech 560 Sangmyung

University 213.8

※ Institutions in the upper rankings in terms of research funding, excluding major universities

- 3D printing: Vitzotech (rocket engine element development technology using 3D printing technology)- Big Data : Korea Carbon Capture &Sequestration R&D Center (research on carbon dioxide capture process demonstration material development)- AI : Korea Aerospace Research Institute (developed key technology for unmanned mobile)

www.nrf.re.kr

VI. Implications

■ In analyzing the global research performance results of five research fields related to the FourthIndustrial Revolution (3D Printing, IoT, Big Data, AI, Cloud Computing), the United States wasleading and China was rapidly chasing the U.S..

○ In addition to the U.S. and China, the performance of Germany, U.K., and India were noteworthy, andJapan, France, Italy, and Canada also produced top ten research performance.

○ However, the competitiveness of the Asian countries is not high compared to the U.S. and Europeancountries in terms of the qualitative aspects such as FWCI.

○ In terms of leading research institutions, Chinese institutions excelled in quantity, but in terms of qualitativeindicators, U.S. institutions dominate the upper ranks.

■ In terms of the total scholarly output, Korea was included in the top ten in each sector but laggedoverall qualitatively.

○ In particular, the FWCI of related papers is lower than that of countries that are leading the Fourth IndustrialRevolution such as the United States and Germany; therefore, policy-level consideration is needed to enhancethe quality of the related research.

○ Fortunately, the number of citations per publication and FWCI in Korea is relatively higher than in other Asiancountries such as Japan, China, and India.

■ The research level of the Fourth Industrial Revolution platform technology of Korea is relativelysuperior in hardware but vulnerable in software.

○ Before pursuing Fourth Industrial Revolution–related policies, it is necessary to understand the accurate researchcompetitiveness by each major technology and prepare in consideration of the policies to enhance domesticresearch institutions’ global competitiveness in the software sector.

○ It is thought that there should be strategies or support to increase the influence of researchers or nurture researcherswho benchmarked leading countries. It is also regarded to promote international cooperation actively withcountries conducting high-quality research in each field.

Ⅵ. Implications 51


■ By analyzing the research project application and support trends from the National ResearchFoundation of Korea for the past five years, it is proven that the researchers are sensitive to the trendof science technology, as project support for the platform technology related to the Fourth IndustrialRevolution is increasing rapidly.

○ Prior to the promotion of policies related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, preemptive measures, suchas identifying the basic research trends of major countries, are needed.

※ Note

This report selected five technologies to be presented as the major technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and analyzed them based on Elsevier's SCOPUS DB; statistical figures are subject to change in accordance with the construction and extraction of the thesaurus (keyword) of the target technology. The paper aims to understand the publication trend in global research. It is not appropriate to use the paper to rank research institutions accordingly.

www.nrf.re.kr

<Reference>

○ OECD, The Next Production Revolution: Implication and for Governments and Business(2017)

○ Kim Chang-Gyeong, Innovation Plan for R & D Support System for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (2017)

○ Lee Won-Jae, Plans to nurture human resources in technology field for the fourth industrial revolution (2016)

○ Kim Seung-hyun and others. Manufacturing innovation policy and challenges for next generation’s productionrevolution, STEPI (2016)

○ Song Sung-soo, History of Industrial Revolutionism: In relation to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, STEPI Insight207 (2017)

○ Choi Byeong-Sam and others, the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the main agenda of nationalstrategy, STEPI Insight 215 (2017)

○ IITP, Trends of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Policy in Major Developed Countries, Trends in Overseas ICT R& D Policies 2016-04 (2016)

○ Lee Won-tae and others, The major issues and countermeasures of ICT legislation in the era of the Fourth IndustrialRevolution, Korea Legislation Research Institute (2016)

○ Ministry of Science and ICT & Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, 3D printing strategy Technology Roadmap(2014)

○ KAIST Moon Soul Graduate School of Future Strategy & KCERN, Korea's Fourth Industrial Revolution (2017)

○ Lee Jae-hong, Opportunity of Korea in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution (2017)

○ Ha Won-gyu and others, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (2016)

○ Matsuo Yutaka, AI and Deep Running (2016)

○ Connecting Lab, IoT (2014)

○ Heo Je, Everything about 3D Printers (2013)

○ NSTC, The National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan (2016)

○ NSTC, Big Data Research Strategic Plan (2016)

○ www.wikipedia.org

Reference 53

<Author>

Kiwoo Chun Senior Researcher, R&D Policy Team

National Research Foundation of Koreaemail:[email protected]

Tel. 042-869-6696

Haedo Kim Head of R&D Policy Team

National Research Foundation of Korea

Kyoungsoo JangDirector of Center for R&D policy and Innovation,


NRF ISSUE REPORT 2017_No. 4

Analysis on Research Level of the Five Major Platform Technologies

Related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

| Date of Publication |

| Publisher |

| Place of Publication |

| Edit |

August 2017

Moo Je Cho


201, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

TEL : +82-42-869-6690~6696

FAX : +82-42-869-6698

http://www.nrf.re.kr


TEL : +82-42-869-6692







VI. Implications


2017_No.4ISSUE REPORT

ISSN 2586-1131

2017_No.4


[34113] 201, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

T. +82-42-869-6692 F. +82-42-869-6698www.nrf.re.kr

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NRF - 20141223-1-20

analysis on research level of the five major platform ... · 4 analysis on research level of the...

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