anatomy le

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Terms Definitions

Origin of AdductorBrevis

Anterior Surface of Inferior Pubic Ramus Inferior to Origin of

Adductor Longus

Insertion of AdductorBrevis

Pectineal Line and Superior part of medial lip of linea aspera

Action of Adductor

Brevis

Adducts and Flexes thigh, helps laterally rotate thigh

Innervation of Adductor

Brevis

Anterior or Posterior division of Obturator Nerve (L4, L2, L3)

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Blood Supply of

Adductor Brevis

Obturator Artery and Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Origin of AdductorLongus

Middle surface of body of pubis just lateral to pubic symphysis

Insertion of Adductor

Longus

Middle third of linea aspera between more medial AdductorMagnus and Brevis insertions and the more lateral origin of the

Vastus Medialis

Action of Adductor

Longus

Adducts and Flexes thigh helps to laterally rotate the hip joint

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Innervation of Adductor

Longus

Anterior Division of Obturator Nerve L2,3,4

Blood Supply ofAdductor Longus

Obturator Artery and Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Origin of Adductor

Magnus

Inferior pubic ramus Ischial ramus and inferolateral area ofIschial Tuberosity

Insertion of Adductor

Magnus

Gluteal tuberosity of Femur medial lip of Linea aspera, Medial

supracondylar ridge, Adductor Tubercle

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Action of AdductorMagnus

Powerful thigh adductor,Superior horizontal fibers also help flex thigh

Vertical fibers help extend thigh

Innervation of AdductorMagnus

Posterior division of Obturator Nerve for most of Magnus

Vertical (or Hamstring portion) by Tibial Nerve (L2,3,4)

Blood Supply of

Adductor Magnus

Medial Circumflex Femoral arteryInferior Gluteal Artery

1st-4th Perforating arteries

Obturator arterySome superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Origin of Sartorius

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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Insertion of Sartorius

Superomedial Tibia near insertion of Gracilis andSemitendinosus muscles

Action of Sartorius

Hip: Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation

Knee: Flexion

Innervation of Sartorius

Femoral Nerve (L2,3)

Origin of Rectus

Femoris

One head from Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

One head from Ilium superior to Acetabulum

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Insertion of Rectus

Femoris

Quadriceps Tendon onto Tibial Tuberosity

Action of Rectus

Femoris

Knee ExtensionAssists Iliopsoas with Hip Flexion

Innervation of Rectus

Femoris

Femoral Nerve (L2,3,4)

Blood Supply of Rectus

Femoris

Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

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Origin of Vastus

Lateralis

Posterior Femur (Greater Trochanter inferior to Lateral LineaAspera)

Insertion of Vastus

Lateralis


Action of Vastus

Lateralis

Knee Extension

Innervation of Vastus

Lateralis

Femoral (L2,3,4)

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Origin of Vastus

Intermedius

Anterolateral Femoral Shaft

Insertion of VastusIntermedius


Action of VastusIntermedius

Knee Extension

Innervation of VastusIntermedius

Femoral (L2,3,4)

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Origin of Vastus

Medialis

Interotrochanteric LineMedial Linea Aspera

Insertion of Vastus

Medialis


Action of Vastus

Medialis

Knee Extension

Innervation of Vastus

Medialis

Femoral (L2,3,4)

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Origin of

Semitendinosus

Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion ofSemitendinosus

Superomedial Tibia

Action of

Semitendinosus

Knee FlexionKnee Internal Rotation

Hip Extension

Innervation of

Semitendinosus

Sciatic Nerve: Tibial Division L5,S1,S2

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Origin of

Semimembranosus

Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion ofSemimembranosus

Posteromedial aspect of medial tibial condyle

Action of

Semimembranosus

Knee Flexion and Internal RotationHip Extension

Innervation of

Semimembranosus

Sciatic Nerve Tibial Division L5,S1,S2

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Origin of Gracilis

Body and Inferior Ramus of Pubis

Insertion of Gracilis

Medial surface of Tibial Shaft just posterior to Sartorius

Action of Gracilis

Knee FlexionThigh Adduction

Medially rotate Tibia on Femur

Innervation of Gracilis

Anterior Division of Obturator Nerve L2,L3

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Blood Supply ofGracilis

Perforating Branches of Profunda Femoris arteryInferior Gluteal artery

Superior muscular branches of Popliteal artery

Origin of Long Head ofBiceps Femoris

Common Tendon with Semitendinosus from Superior Medial

Quadrant of Posterior Portion of Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion of Long Head

of Biceps Femoris

Primarily on Fibular Headalso on Lateral Collateral Ligament

Lateral Tibial Condyle

Action of Long Head ofBiceps Femoris

Flexes Knee

Rotates Tibia LaterallyExtends Hip Joint

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Innervation of Biceps

Femoris Long Head

Tibial Nerve L5,S1,S2

Blood Supply of Biceps

Femoris Long Head

Perforating Branches of Profunda Femoris a.

Inferior Gluteal a.

Superior Muscular branches of Popliteal a.

Origin of Biceps

Femoris Short Head

Lateral lip of linea asperaLateral Supracondylar Ridge of Femur

Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh

Insertion of BicepsFemoris Short Head

Fibular Head

Lateral Collateral LigamentLateral Tibial Condyle

Action of Biceps

Femoris Short Head

Knee Flexion

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Rotates Tibia Laterally

Innervation of BicepsFemoris Short Head

Common Peroneal Nerve L5 S1,S2

Blood Supply of BicepsFemoris Short Head

Perforating Branches of Profunda Femoris a.

Inferior Gluteal a.

Superior muscular branches of popliteal a.

Origin of Gluteus

Maximus

Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal lineSuperior iliac crest

Posterior inferior aspect of sacrum

CoccyxSacrotuberous ligament

Insertion of Gluteus

Maximus

Fascia lata at the iliotibial band

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gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface

Action of Gluteus

Maximus

Major extension of Hip

Assists in laterally rotating Thigh

Upper and middle third sections abduct thigh

Innervation of GluteusMaximus

Inferior gluteal nerve L5,S1,S2

Blood supply of GluteusMaximus

Inferior and Superior Gluteal ArteriesFirst perforating branch of the Profunda Femoris a.

Origin of the Gluteus

Medius

Dorsal ilium inferior to Iliac Crest

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Medius

Lateral and Superior surfaces of Greater Trochanter

Action of Gluteus

Medius

Major Abductor of Thigh

Anterior fibers help rotate hip mediallyPosterior fibers help rotate hip laterally

Innervation of Gluteus

Medius

Superior Gluteal Nerve L4,L5,S1

Blood Supply of

Gluteus Medius

Superior Gluteal Artery

Origin of GluteusMinimus

Dorsal Ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

Edge of Greater Sciatic Notch

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Minimus

Anterior surface of Greater Trochanter

Action of Gluteus

Minimus

Abducts Hip

Mediallyl rotates Hip

Innervation of Gluteus

Minimus

Superior Gluteal Nerve L4,L5,S1

Blood Supply ofGluteus Minimus

Superior Gluteal Artery

Origin of Iliacus

Upper 2/3 of Iliac Fossa of Ilium

Internal Lip of Iliac Crest

Lateral aspect of SacrumVentral Sacroiliac Ligament

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Lower portion of iliolumbar ligament

Insertion of Iliacus

Lesser Trochanter

Action of Iliacus

Flex torso and thigh with respect to eachother

Innervation of Iliacus

Muscular branch of Femoral Nerve L1,L2,L3

Blood Supply of Iliacus

Lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery

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Origin of Inferior

Gamellus

Posterior portion of ischial tuberosityLateral obturator ring

Insertion of Inferior

Gamellus

Medial surface of Greater Trochanter in Common with

Obturator Internus

Action of Inferior

Gamellus

Rotates thigh laterally

Helps abduct the flexed thigh

Innervation of InferiorGamellus

Branch of Sacral Plexus L5,S1

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Blood Supply of Inferior

Gamellus

Inferior Gluteal Artery

Origin of SuperiorGamellus

Ischial spine

Insertion of Superior

Gamellus

Medial surface of Greater Trochanter in common with ObturatorInternus

Action of Superior

Gamellus

Rotates Thigh laterally

Helps abduct flexed thigh

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Innervation of Superior

Gamellus

Branch of Sacral Plexus L5,S1

Blood Supply ofSuperior Gamellus

Inferior Gluteal Artery

Origin of Obturator

Externus

External surface of obturator membraneAnterior bony margins of obturator foramen

Insertion of Obturator

Externus

Posteromedial surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur

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Action of Obturator

Externus

Rotates thigh laterallyHelps adduct Thigh

Innervation of Obturator

Externus

Posterior division: Obturator nerve

Vertical/hamstring portion: Tibial Nerve L3,L4

Blood supply Obturator

Externus

Obturator and Medial Circumflex arteries

Origin of ObturatorInternus

Inferior surface of obturator membranePosterior bony margins of obturator foramen

Insertion of Obturator

Internus

Medial surface of Greater Trochanter

In common with Superior and Inferior GamelliAction of Obturator

Internus

Rotates Thigh Laterally

Helps abduct flexed thigh

Innervation of Obturator

Internus Branch of Sacral plexus L5,S1

Blood Supply of

Obturator Internus

Internal pudendal a.

Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries

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Origin of Pectineus

Pecten PubisPectineal Surface of the Pubis

Insertion of Pectineus

Pectineal Line of Femur

Action of Pectineus

Adducts thigh

Flexes Hip joint

Innervation of Pectineus

Femoral nerve

sometimes Obturator nerve L2,L3,L4

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Blood Supply of

Pectineus

Medial Circumflex femoral branch of femoral a.Obturator artery

Origin of Piriformis

Anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum

Gluteal surface of ilium at margin of greater sciatic notch

Insertion of Piriformis

Superior border of Greater Trochanter

Action of Piriformis

Lateral rotator of Hip

Helps abduct Flexed hipInnervation of

PiriformisPiriformis Nerve L5,S1,S2

Blood Supply ofPiriformis

Superior and Inferior gluteal arteriesInternal pudendal artery

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Origin of Psoas

Anterior surface and lateral borders of transverse processes L1-L5

And Bodies and Discs T12-L5

Insertion of Psoas

Lesser Trochanter

Action of Psoas

Flex torso and thigh with respect to eachother

Innervation of Psoas Direct fibers of L1-L3 of lumbar plexusBlood Supply of Psoas Lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of iliac artery

Origin of Quadratus

Femoris

Lateral margin of obturator ring above ischial tuberosity

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Insertion of Quadratus

Femoris

Quadrate tubercle and adjacent bone of intertrochanteric crest ofproximal posterior femur

Action of Quadratus

Femoris

Rotates hip laterally

Helps adduct hip

Innervation ofQuadratus Femoris

Quadratus Femoris branch of nerve to the quadratus femoris andinferior gamellus L5,S1

Origin of Tensor Fascia

Lata

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Outer lip of Anterior Iliac Crest

Fascia Lata

Insertion of TensorFascia Lata

Iliotibial band

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Action of Tensor Fascia

Lata

Helps stabilize and stead Hip and Knee Joints by putting tensionon the iliotibial band of fascia

Innervation of Tensor

Fascia LataSuperior gluteal nerve L4,L5, S1

Blood Supply of Tensor

Fascia Lata

Superior Gluteal arteryLateral Circumflex Femoral artery

Origin of ExtensorDigitorum Longus

Lateral condyle of Fibula

Upper 2/3-3/4 of medial fibular shaft surface

Fascia crurisUpper part of interosseus membrane

Anterior intermuscular septum

Insertion of Extensor

Digitorum Longus

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Splits into 4 tendon slips after Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

each inserts on dorsum of middle and distal phalanges as part of

extensor expansion complex

Action of Extensor

Digitorum Longus

Extend toes 2-5Dorsiflex ankle

Innervation of Extensor

Digitorum LongusDeep Peroneal nerve

Blood supply of

Extensor DigitorumLongus

Anterior Tibial Artery

Origin of ExtensorHallucis Longus

Anterior surface of Fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion of ExtensorHallucis Longus

Base and Dorsal Center of Distal Phalanx of Great Toe

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Action of Extensor

Hallucis Longus

Extends great toeDorsiflexes Ankle

Innervation of Extensor

Hallucis Longus

Deep peroneal nerve

Blood Supply of

Extensor Hallucis

Longus


Origin of Flexor

Digitorum Longus

Posterior surface of Tibia distal to Popliteal line

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Insertion of FlexorDigitorum Longus

Splits into 4 slips after passing through medial intermuscularseptum of plantar surface of foot

These slips then insert on plantar surfaces of bases of distal

phalanges 2-5

Action of Flexor

Digitorum Longus

Flexes toes 2-5Helps plantar flex ankle

Innervation of Flexor

Digitorum Longus

Tibial Nerve S2,S3

Blood Supply of Flexor

Digitorum Longus

Muscular Branch of Posterior Tibial artery

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Origin of Flexor

Hallucis Longus

Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of TibiaLower part of interosseous membrane

Insertion of Flexor

Hallucis Longus

Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Action of Flexor

Hallucis Longus

Flexes Great Toe

Helps supinate ankle

Very weak plantar flexor of ankle

Innervation of FlexorHallucis Longus

Tibial Nerve S2,S3

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Blood Supply of Flexor

Hallucis Longus

Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery

Origin of Gastrocnemius

Medial head from posterior nonarticular surface of medialfemoral condyle

Lateral head from lateral surface of Lateral Femoral Condyle

Insertion ofGastrocnemius

The 2 heads unite in a broad aponeurosis which eventually

unites with the deep tendon of the soleus to form the AchillesTendon inserting on the Middle 1/3 of the Posterior Calcaneal

Surface

Action of

Gastrocnemius

Powerful plantar flexion of ankle

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Innervation of

Gastrocnemius

Tibial Nerve S1,S2

Blood Supply ofGastrocnemius

Each head supplied by a sural branch of the popliteal artery

Origin of Peroneus

Brevis

Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surfaceAnterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg

Insertion of Peroneus

Brevis

Lateral surface of styloid process of 5th metatarsal base

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Action of Peroneus

Brevis

Everts footPlantar flexes ankle

Innervation of Peroneus

Brevis

Superficial peroneal nerve L5,S1,S2

Blood Supply of

Peroneus Brevis

Muscular branches of peroneal artery

Origin of Peroneus

Longus

Head of Fibula

Upper 1/2-2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface

Anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg

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Insertion of Peroneus

Longus

Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiformLateral side of 1st metatarsal base

Action of PeroneusLongus

Everts foot

Plantar flexes ankle

Helps support transverse arch of foot

Innervation of Peroneus

Longus

Superficial peroneal nerve L5,S1,S2May receive innervation from common or deep peroneal nerves

L5,S1,S2

Blood Supply of

Peroneus Longus

Anterior tibial

Peroneal arteries

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Origin of PeroneusTertius

Arises with extensor digitorum longus from medial fibular shaftsurface and anterior intermuscular septum (between extensor

digitorum longus and tibialis anterior)

Insertion of PeroneusTertius

Dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal

Action of Peroneus

Tertius

Works with extensor digitorum longus to dorsiflex, evert, abduct

foot

Innervation of PeroneusTertius

Deep peroneal nerve L5,S1

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Blood Supply of

Peroneus Tertius


Origin of Plantaris

Inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of distal femur

Insertion of Plantaris

Middle 1/3 of posterior calcaneal surface just medial to AchillesTendon

Action of Plantaris

Plantar flexion of ankle

Also flexes knee

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Innervation of Plantaris

Tibial Nerve L5,S1,S2

Blood Supply ofPlantaris

Sural Arteries

Origin of Popliteus

Anterior part of popliteal groove on lateral surface of lateralfemoral condyle

Insertion of Popliteus

Posterior surface of Tibia in a fan-like fashion just superior to

popliteal line

Action of Popliteus

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Rotates Knee Medially

Flexes leg on thigh

Innervation of Popliteus

Tibial Nerve L4,L5,S1

Blood Supply of

Popliteus

Medial inferior genicular branch of popliteal artery and

Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery

Origin of Soleus

Posterior aspect of fibular headUpper 1/4-1/3 of posterior surface of fibula

Middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft

Posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the 2 sites of

bone origin

Insertion of Soleus

Eventually unites with gastroc aponeurosis to form AchillesTendon inserting on middle 1/3 of posterior calcaneal surface

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Action of Soleus

Powerful plantar flexor of ankle

Innervation of Soleus

Tibial Nerve S1,S2

Blood Supply of Soleus

Posterior TibialPeroneal

Sural arteries

Origin of TibialisAnterior

Lateral condyle of Tibia

Proximal 1/2-2/3 of Lateral Surface of Tibial Shaft

Interosseous membrane and deep surface of fascia cruris

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Insertion of Tibialis

Anterior

Medial and Plantar surfaces of 1st cuneiformBase of 1st metatarsal

Action of Tibialis

Anterior

Dorsiflexor of AnkleInverts foot

Innervation of Tibialis

Anterior

Deep peroneal nerve L4,L5,S1

Blood Supply of TibialisAnterior


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Origin of Tibialis

Posterior

Posterior aspect of interosseous membraneSuperior 2/3 of medial posterior surface of fibula

Superior aspect of posterior surface of Tibia

Intermuscular septum between muscles of posteriorcompartment and deep transverse septum

Insertion of TibialisPosterior

Splits into 2 slips after passing inferior to plantar

calcaneonavicluar ligament

Superficial slip inserts on tuberosity of the navicular bone andsometimes medial cuneiform

Deeper slip divides again into slips inserting on plantar surfaces

of metatarsals 2-4 and 2nd cuneiform

Action of TibialisPosterior

Principle invertor of foot

Adducts footPlantarflexes ankle

Helps supinate foot

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Innervation of Tibialis

Posterior

Tibial nerve L4,L5

Blood Supply of TibialisPosterior

Muscular branches of sural, peroneal, and posterior tibial

arteries

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1. Origin of PsoasAnterior surface and lateral borders of transverse processes L1-L5

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