ANCIENT EGYPTIAN PHARAOHSChapter 8

LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why is a territory seen as an

expression of political or cultural identity?

How did the Pharaohs influence the land they ruled?

VOCABULARY Pyramid Old Kingdom New Kingdom Pharaoh Khufu Pharaoh Senusret Pharaoh Hatshepsut Pharaoh Ramses II

DYNASTIES

Dynasties were established in ancient Egypt whenever MEMBERS of ONE FAMILY and their descendents RULED for an extended period of time

THE EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS

• The ancient Egyptian people believed that their kings or pharaohs were IMMORTAL and DIVINE

• They believed the pharaohs had descended from GODS

• And they believed their kings had the power to make life itself “good or bad” “rich or poor” “easy or difficult”

ABSOLUTE POWER

• Viewed as GODS, the Egyptian people gave their kings ABSOLUTE POWER over the people

• Whatever the pharaoh decided became law• The people obeyed the king and his law without question• The king decided whether to go to WAR, where NEW

CITIES should be located, with whom to TRADE and when to PLANT and HARVEST the crops

READ SECTION 8.1 PAGE 73 Look at the graphic organizer, think

about the following questions: What do you see on this postcard? Who do you think ordered the monuments

to be built? Why do you think the Egyptian pharaohs

has these giant monuments built? What monuments in our society are similar

to these?

OLD KINGDOM2700 TO 2200 B.C.E. They established a strong

central government They built great pyramids as

tombsAlso known as…“The Age of the Pyramids”

MIDDLE KINGDOM2000 TO 1800 B.C.E. Many great achievements in art,

literature, and architecture this period came AFTER a time of chaos

and disunity

Also known as…“The Period of Reunification”

NEW KINGDOM1600 TO 1100 B.C.E Egypt’s power reaches it’s height Increased trade and built gigantic

monuments

Also known as…“Egypt’s Golden Age”

WELCOME ABOARD!

TIME TO BOARD THE FELUCCA!!! Listen to Welcome to the Tour

Read section 8.2 & Look at the map What are the three periods in ancient Egyptian

history? What is each time period most known for? What was the role of the pharaohs in ancient

Egypt? What are some of the places in Egypt where we

might see monuments built by these pharaohs?

GIZA

HOW DO YOU THINK THEY DID IT?Hypothesize with your group about how

the Ancient Egyptians could have created the Great Pyramid at Giza. Be prepared to share you idea with the class!

BUILDING THE PYRAMIDS

• Thousands of workers sometimes took DECADES to build a single pyramid or tomb

• Khuru had the great pyramid of Giza built in his honor

• For 4300 years it was the LARGEST building on Earth• Today it stands over 45 stories high• It consists of over 2 MILLION building stones each

over 2 tons in size• Some of the stones were quarried hundreds of miles

away up the Nile• Thousands of workers LOST their LIVES building

these tombs

2 TONS = A BABY AFRICAN ELEPHANT!

1 Ton = 2,000 pounds!!!

COMPLETE READING NOTES FOR TOUR SITE 1

Share your post card with a neighbor!

THE WHITE CHAPEL

COMPLETE YOUR READING NOTES FOR TOUR SITE 2

Share your postcard with a neighbor!

HATSHEPSUT’S TEMPLE

QUEEN HATSHEPSUT

• Several WOMEN ruled ancient Egypt during its 4000 years of history

• Queen Hatshepsut was the FIRST and she reigned during Egypt’s New Kingdom

• Her kingdom was best known for its PEACE and PROSPERITY

• While her armies defended Egypt from invasion, she established NEW TRADE routes and partners in Africa

• Her navy returned to Egypt loaded with ivory, gold and spices

KING THUTMOSE III

• After Queen Hatshepsut died, her stepson King Thutmose III ascended the throne

• Thutmose II was one of the most “militaristic” of Egyptian pharaohs

• He led the Egyptian armies into war and they were able to EXPAND ancient Egypt IN SIZE by capturing Nubia to the SOUTH and Phoenicia and Syria to the EAST

• In fact his armies reached as far EAST as the Euphrates River in modern day Iraq

COMPLETE READING NOTES FOR TOUR SITE 3

Share your postcard!

RAMSES’ TEMPLE

RAMSES II

• Perhaps the greatest of pharaohs was King Ramses II

• While Queen Hatsheput made Egypt powerful by trade, Ramses II made Egypt more powerful by war

• His empire became the LARGEST of Egyptian empires

• His army defeated the powerful Hittite Empire to the east

• Under Ramses II, ancient Egypt stretched from Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea - from the upper reaches of the Nile to the Red Sea

ACHIEVEMENTS

• Government and religion • Astronomy and mathematics • Engineering and hydro• Medicine• A system of writing – hieroglyphs and

papyrus

COMPLETE READING NOTES FOR TOUR SITE 4

Share with a neighbor!

PHARAOH HATSHEPSUT VIDEOWhile you watch the video complete the graphic organizer on this slide in the class work section of your binder.

CREATE YOUR OWN POSTCARD!Name ______________________________________________ Date ________________________

Social Studies ~ Ancient Egypt ~ Chapter 8 Project/Assessment

Postcard from A ncient E gypt

T his project will take the place of your written assessment for this chapter. T he postcard should be based on the information you have learned and gathered from chapter 8. F ive points will be given for neatness, creativity, and strong evidence of effort. T his project is worth 50 points. We will begin working on this assignment in class. Y ou will need to finish it at home. T his assignment is due on M onday, M arch 12th. You must include all 6 of the following:

1. A proper greeting (2.5 points)

2. At least one well developed sentence that describes… (10 points) Where you traveled What you did The type of transportation you used to travel

3. At least one well developed sentence that describes one site on the tour. It should explain… (10 points)

Two important facts that you learned about that monument At least one relevant detail (a major accomplishment) about the pharaoh who built it

4. At least one well developed sentence that describes one site on the tour. It should explain… (10 points)

Two important facts that you learned about that monument At least one relevant detail (a major accomplishment) about the pharaoh who built it

5. Include at one photograph of each monument that you visited (4) AND include one detail with each

monument that represents the pharaoh the built the monument. (10 points)

6. A proper closing (2.5 points) T his postcard is your opportunity to show what you have learned in chapter 8. T hrough your description, the reader of your postcard should be able to answer the following questions: What monuments did you visit? Who built them? What is a major accomplishment of the two pharaohs you chose to write about?