ancient greece. an introduction greek city-states were isolated from each other both physically and...
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Ancient Greece
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An Introduction
Greek city-states were isolated from each other both physically and culturally.Greece had many islands.Large seafaring community.
John Green: The
Persians & Greeks
(start at 5 min)
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The Dark Age
1100 BCE – 750 BCEName comes from fact that ‘few records exist’Iron workingPossible no writing system used
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The Dark Age: Homer
b. 13-8th century BCEauthor and poetepic poetry: long poems about heroesThe Iliad and The OdysseyUsed as historical documents
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City Life
Polis: city-stateAcropolis: fortified area on a hill; refuge or religious center (temples)Agora: market
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City Life: Citizenship
Men – citizenship, rightsWomen & Children – citizenship, NO rightsSlaves, laborers, aliens – no citizenship
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City Life: Government
Democracy: a government by the people or rule of manyOligarchy: rule by the few
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The Spartans
800-600BCESpartan: highly self-disciplinedIn army from age 20-60Lived in barracks, not at homeWomen lived at home, had more freedom
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The Spartans
Oligarchy with 2 kings and assemblyNo visitorsNo travelReject philosophy, literature, and the artsThe ART of WAR most important
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The Spartans
Socratic Seminar: Watch the videos on Sparta and take notes (1 side total for all 3)
Read the articles “8 Reasons It Wasn’t Easy Being Spartan” & “Sparta Reconsidered: Spartan Women” and highlight information
Write 6 questions (2 comprehension and 4 opinion)
Come prepared to discuss and show all 4 parts
“Spartans”
“Deconstructing History: Spartans”
“Spartans: Implements of Death”
Tuesday 10/13
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Athens
7th C. – city-stateOligarchy ruled by aristocratsFarmers sold into slavery when debts not paid
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Athens
5th C. BCE ~300,000 peopleCouncil of 500 (affairs of state, treasury, laws)Foundation for democracy
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Classical Greece
500-338Foundation of Western society
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Pericles
495-429Statesman, oratorAthenian politicsDirect democracy: every male citizen voted on the issues (NOT a representative democracy)Poor citizens could hold office
“Birth of Democracy
”
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The Peloponnesian War
“The Peloponnesian War” by artist Jeffrey Lewis
2 parts: Athenian Empire & SpartaWar – 431Athens falls (~404)
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Greek Arts, Drama, Philosophy
“concerned with expressing eternal ideals – reason, moderation, balance, and harmony” (p43)
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Greek Arts: sculpture
“Greek Sculpture”
Focus on the human formMale nudesRelaxed, self-assured, fit‘ideal beauty’Bronze and marble
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Greek Arts: sculpture
Winged Victory/Nik
e190
Venus de Milo
~120
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Greek Arts: architecture
Temples with statues and treasuries (for gifts)Columns
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Greek Arts: the Parthenon
“Deconstructing History:
The Acropolis”
Built 447-432Dedicated to Athena
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Greek Drama
Comedies: mocking satire against powerful men
Tragedies: “love, loss, pride, the abuse of power and the fraught relationships between men and gods” (“The Different…”)
Catharsis: to release or purge emotions Aristotle, Poetics
“Typically the main protagonist of a tragedy commits some terrible crime without realizing how foolish and arrogant he has been. Then, as he slowly realizes his error, the world crumbles around him.” (“The Different…”)
Chorus: narrators, guides, commentators
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Greek Drama: Sophocles
400sGreek playwright – tragediesOedipus Rex
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Greek Philosophy
Philosophy: organized system of thoughtSocrates
Plato
Aristotle
Alexander the Great
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Greek Philosophy: Socrates
“Socrates – Questioning Philosopher”
470-399 BCESculptorLeft no writingsTeaching method: “a q&a format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason” (p44)
We have knowledge in us; just need to unlock it
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
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Greek Philosophy: Socrates
Accused of having subversive views
Sentenced to death (hemlock poison)
Did not resist
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Greek Philosophy: Plato
428-347 BCEStudent of SocratesFounded the ‘Academy’Wrote a lot; The Republic (about government)
‘Ideal State’ = perfect society1st-philosopher kings2nd- warriors3rd- masses
Believed in equality for the sexes as far as jobs/education
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Greek Philosophy: Aristotle
384-322 BCEStudied at The AcademyFoundation of nearly all Western philosophy
Many interests: science (biology, marine biology, meteorology) philosophy
Tutored Alex the GreatWhen Alex died, anti-Macedonian party accused of Aristotle of impiety, he fled, and he later died of disease
“Aristotle”
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Macedonia
Kingdom to the north of GreecePhillip II wanted to unify the two nationsDefeated the Greeks in 338Assassinated
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Alexander The Great
“Alexander the Great: Mini Bio”
356-323 BCEKing at age 20Military geniusProbably disliked because of cruel behaviorClose to Mother (like who else…)
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Alexander The Great
“Alexander the Great: Creating
the Legend”
Alex didn’t automatically get throne after Phillip’s death
Had to conquer the north firstSouthern Greek city-states began to think life w/o Macedonian leader would be better
Alex went to Thebes and slaughtered ~6,000 Thebans killed~30,000 sold into slaveryThebes burned to the groundOther city-states pledged allegiance to Alex
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Alexander The Great
“Alexander the Great:
Rise to Power”
AsiaEgyptCreated AlexandriaDefeated the Persians“King of Babylon, King of Asia, King of the Four Quarters of the World”
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Alexander The Great
“Alexander the Great:
Mysterious Death”
IranIndiaArmy got mad when he recruited many Persian soldiers and married officers to Persian womenAt 32, died – malaria?
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Alexander The Great
“Alexander the Great and the
Situation…” at 2 mins
“…amazingly good at being a dead person.” (John Green)
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Hellenistic Era
Hellenistic: to imitate GreeksGreek colonistsSpread culture through art, architecture, science, philosophy, etc.Sculpture spread
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Hellenistic Era
3 main dynasties after Alex’s death Syria & PersiaPtolemy in EgyptGreece & Macedonia
MonarchiesVery Greek in manorSpoke a common languageEmphasis on education: Archimedes (Pi); Euclid (geometry)
Ended with a defeat of Marc Antony’s army in 31BCE
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Hellenistic Era
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Works Cited
"Alexander the Great." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-the-great-9180468>.
"Alexander the Great." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/alexander-the-great>.
“Aristotle." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415#teaching>.
Biography.com Editors. "Homer Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2015. <http://www.biography.com/people/homer-9342775#legacy>.
"Greek Sculpture." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Sculpture/>.
"Hellenistic Greece." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/hellenistic-greece>.
"Plato." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.biography.com/people/plato-9442588#final-years>.
Schrader, Helena P. "Sparta Reconsidered - Spartan Women." Sparta Reconsidered - Spartan Women. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2015. <http://elysiumgates.com/~helena/Women.html>.
"Socrates." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. <http://www.biography.com/people/socrates-9488126>.
"The Different Types of Greek Drama and Their Importance." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2015. <http://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/24c.html>.