ancient greece. geography greece comprised of peninsula, 2000 islands, eastern edge aegean land ...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ancient Greece
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Geography
Greece comprised of peninsula, 2000 islands, eastern edge Aegean
Land Very mountainous! (3/4 covered w/ mountains)
Travel hard
Led small, independent city states
Little fertile land
Result small population
Lacked natural resources
“Greeks did not live on land, but around a sea.” Mediterranean, Aegean, Ionian, Black seas
Travel and trade
Climate Moderate temp. led outside lifestyle
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The First “Greeks”: The Mycenaeans
Bronze Age people (1600-1200 BCE)
Named after city Mycenae
Is believed people warlike Battle scenes , fortified city walls
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City of Mycenae
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Mycenae City Walls
Lions Gate Cyclopean Walls
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Mycenaean Artifacts
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Shaft Graves
Mask of Agamemnon
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Beehive Tombs
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Minoan Influence on Mycenaeans
Minoans From Island Crete
Seafaring people
“Peaceful”
Minoan Influences Overseas trade
Writing
Minoans = Linear A (undecipherable)
Mycenaeans = Linear B (decipherable)
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Heinrich Schliemann
Discovered Mycenae and Troy Convinced discoveries home legendary Kings
Agamemnon and Priam of Trojan War
Epic Poem written by Homer Iliad
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Troy
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King Priam’s Treasure
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The Greek Dark Ages
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(DORIANS}
The Dorian Invasion
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Decline in Greek Culture
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Homer and Hesiod
The Iliad and The Odyssey Theogony and Works and Days
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Greek Religion
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Basic characteristics
Polytheistic
Hierarchal
Moral guideline Anything in excess improper
Explained world Myths
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Olympian Gods and Goddesses
Aphrodite- Love & Beauty
Apollo- Sun & Music
Ares- War
Artemis- Hunt
Athena- Wisdom & Arts
Demeter- Harvest
Dionysus- Wine
Hades- Underworld
Hephaestus- Metallurgy
Hera- Family
Hermes- Trade
Hestia- Hearth
Poseidon- Sea
Zeus- Sky
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Muses
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Fates
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Furies
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Characteristics of Gods
Immortal, but not all powerful
Act like humans, have human vices too
Meddle and mingle w/ humans
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The Underworld
“Place of Hades”
Early thought = Gloomy Place
Later thought = Place of Judgment Rewarded or cursed
Fields of Asphodel
Tartarus
Punishment fit crime
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Worship of the Gods
Build temples
National shrines Oracle of Delphi
Sacrifice
Festivals Olympics
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Greek City-States
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The Polis
Greek City State or Citizen State
“the people” or “the community”
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The Polis continued…
Each polis had an agora (market place) and acropolis (fortified citadel)
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Forms of Government
Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Direct Democracy
• Rule by king• Rule hereditary• Ruler claim divine
right
• Rule by nobility• Rule hereditary• Social status,
wealth support ruler authority
• Rule by small group citizens
• Rule based on wealth or ability
• Rulers control military
• Rule by citizens• Rule based on
citizenship• Majority rule
decides vote
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Athens
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Athens: Building a Democracy
Draco Aristocracy
“Draconian” Law Code
Solon Democracy
Wealthy hold political office
All citizens participate in Assembly
No Debt slavery
Cleisthenes Reorganized society: 10 groups based on where lived not wealth
Strengthened power Assembly
Established Council 500
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Athens: Education
Boys educated to be good citizen
Girls taught to be good wives/mothers
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Sparta
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Sparta: Building a Military State
Messenian “helot” Revolt led to need for strong state
Men serve in military age 7-60 Agoge
Women received military training; had considerable freedoms
“duty, strength, discipline over freedom, individuality, beauty, learning”
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Sparta’s Oligarchy
5 Ephors Chief legal officials; monitor kings
Elected annually
Council of Elders 30 members o/ age 60
Served for life
2 kings Military
Hereditary position
Assembly All male citizens
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Spartan Society
Spartans Citizens
Perioikoi 2nd class citizens
Helots Slaves
Sparta
Perioikoi
Helots