ancient greece. geography of greece mountainous & islands caused isolation didn’t create large...
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Ancient Greece
Geography of Greece
Geography of Greece
Mountainous & islands
Caused isolation
Didn’t create large empire
Developed city-states (polis) w/ different styles of gov’t
Caused wars
Greek City-States
Athens Sparta
Women did not go to school
DemocracyChoose council
membersValued education Only wealthy boys
could get an education
Women have more rights – men fighting
Military training from 7 – 60 years old
Valued strength, duty, discipline
Military supremacy Had slaves (tried to
revolt)Several gov’t branches
Simple lifestyle (bad food)
Shared Culture
Battled Persia
Military training
Polis
Social classes
Athens & Sparta499 BCE – 449
BCE: Fight together in Greco-Persian War (Xerxes, “300” –Thermopylae, Salamis)
431-404 BCE: Fight each other in Peloponnesian War(Athens loses)
Practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B.C.
State ruled by a king
Rule was hereditary
Some rulers claimed divine right
Rule of the Kings
700-600 B.C.
hoplite – citizen soldier of a polis
free citizen; responsible for purchasing his own armor & weapon
promoted equality among soldiers
battle tactic: phalanx Hoplite Army
700 – 500 B.C.
City-states established new city-states around Mediterranean (400+)
relived overpopulation
spread Greek culture
created commercial networks & sources of new wealth
Colonization
Powerful individuals seized control of gov’t
Tyrant – leader who worked for the interest of the ordinary people
(photo to left: Periander, tyrant of Corinth) Rise of Tyrants
Hoplite power grew
Tyrants were rejected
Democracies developed (males who participated in army could take part)
Oligarchies developed (wealthiest males controlled government)
(photo to left: Acropolis in Athens)
Democracy & Oligarchy
Navy important in some city-states
Ships powered by rowers
Naval power grew & poor men who served as rowers demanded same political rights as hoplites.
Democracy expanded to include all male citizensTriremes
Greek Religion Polytheistic Gods:
◦ Zeus – ruler of the gods
◦ Hera – Zeus’ wife◦ Athena – Zeus’
daughter, goddess of wisdom
Lived on Mount Olympus Mythology – stories
about gods told to explain the natural world or the customs/beliefs of a society ◦ Medusa ◦ Heracles
Greek Philosophers: SocratesPhilosopher –
thinker who uses logic & wisdom
Question everything
Socratic method: like a teacher-student discussion, led by questioning
Accused & tried for corrupting Athens’ youth
Greek Philosophers: PlatoStudent of Socrates
Wrote down conversations of Socrates
Wrote The RepublicCorrect form of gov’t:◦Rule by philosophers
Greek Philosophers: AristotlePupil of Plato
Used a method for arguing based on logic – basis for our scientific method
Teacher to Alexander the Great
Alexander the GreatFrom Macedonia
(city-state in N. Greece)
356 – 323 BCE
Conquers all of Greece, Persia, & invades India
Hellenistic Culture – blend of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian customs & beliefs