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ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC

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Page 1: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

ANCIENT GREEK ART

6TH – 4TH CENTURY BC

Page 2: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement
Page 3: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

6th century

• Ruled by tyrant

• One of wealthiest city states (polis)

• Leader in artistic achievement

Page 4: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

5th century

• Democracy for men, not women• Delian League: Greek city-states united

against Persians; Athens was the head• Pericles becomes most successful

Athenian leader• Period of Greatest artistic activity• KEY GREEK IDEALS: PROPORTION

BALANCE, UNITY

Page 5: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

4th century

• Socrates executed

• Athens full democracy for men & women

• Peloponnesian War: Sparta attacked Athens; plague killed 1/3 of Athens’s pop., including Pericles

Page 6: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Religion

• Polytheistic

• Deities answered prayers

• Humans gave gifts to the gods

• Gods- human in form with human like personalities and conflicts; got involved in human affairs

• Religious festivals held every 4 years (Olympics)

Page 7: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Death and After Life

• Underworld: Hades and Persephone

• Shades: those who have died

• Immortality: dead remembered by grave markers (pottery or steles)

Page 8: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Music• Monophonic: no harmony

• Instruments: lyre, lute

• Essential to Greek life: most citizens were trained to play an instrument, sing, and dance

Lyre Lute

Page 9: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

GREEK THEATER• Originates from a cult of women who worshipped Dionysus

(god of wine and fertility) and danced on a hill• Actors: all male actors; played all parts male and female. • Protagonist: good guy• Antagonist: bad guy• Chorus: group of actors who commented on the action of the

play• Thespis: credited with being the first actor; he stepped out of

the chorus and spoke alone. It is where we get the term thespian

• Masks: used by actors/chorus so that many different characters could be played by one person and so that the actor’s expression could be seen from far away.

Page 10: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

• Greek Comedy: a satire or love story• Greek Tragedy: the clash between the will of the gods

and the desires of humans; meant to show that life is worth living, regardless of the pain that is part of human existence.

• Aristotle’s Tragic Hero: must be member of nobility; must have a tragic flaw

• Tragic flaw: a simple mistake or a weakness of character which causes them to suffer (pride, rashness, etc)

• Oedipus: play by Sophocles- shows the perfect tragic hero. Story of a man who unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother because of a simple mistake.

Page 11: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 12: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Ten Traits of Theatre• A live event: takes place live• Actors• Audience• Takes place in a particular place• Takes place at a particular time• The present tense: takes place in the here and now• A predetermined structure: Acts and scenes• Understood conventions: curtain call, suspension of

disbelief• Communication through all 5 senses• A lasting impact

Page 13: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

The Unities

• Aristotle’s “rules” of theatre

• Unity of Time: the action takes place over a 24 hour time period

• Unity of Place: only one setting

• Unity of Action: has only one plot

Page 14: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Aristotle’s Six Elements of Drama

• Plot: the events or story line

• Character: people in the play

• Thought/theme: insights into humanity & life

• Music: includes all sound, even voices

• Spectacle: scenery & other visual elements

• Diction/language: dialogue & poetry

Page 15: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement
Page 16: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement
Page 17: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement
Page 18: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Theater terms

1. ambulatory: walkway between upper and lower seating areas

2. skene: backdrop that will develop into a building where actors change

3. theatron: hillside tiered seating4. parados: side entrances5. orchestra: circle at bottom of theatron where chorus

stands6. proscenium: stage where actors perform• Deus ex machine: “god on machine” this lowered the

gods down from the top of theater to wrap up a storyline

Page 19: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Pottery

• 1st time artist began to sign works

• Shapes and purposes NEVER changed through each period

• Uses were for storage of wine and grain; pouring wine; grave markers

Page 20: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Geometric Period• Based upon geometric designs and, later,

figures • Dipylon Vase• Top lip-meander pattern• Next two registers are mainscene of a deceased person• Purpose- grave marker

Page 21: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Archaic Period

• Best period for pottery painting

• Terracotta

• Figures more lifelike and placed in storytelling scenes

Page 22: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Ajax and Achilles Playing Morra (Dice)

• 2 Greek generals/heroes playing a game

• Exekias is painter• Central image:

narrative scene• Decorative pattern

boarders only the rim and handles

Page 23: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement
Page 24: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Sculpture

Page 25: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Archaic

• Marble

• Stiff and rigid

Page 26: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Kouros• Male youth• Similar to Egyptian • Freestanding nude• Not lifelike but symbol of

ideal of heroism • Conventions:1. Hair is composed of little

circles2. Broad shoulders3. Pecs4. Narrow waist5. Leg muscles; hardened

calves6. Firm buttocks

Page 27: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Peplos Kore

• Young maiden• Conventions:

1. Freestanding

2. Not nude (propriety)

3. Archaic smile

4. Has a column-like quality

• Peplos: woolen dress pinned at shoulders

Page 28: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Classical Period

• Hollow cast bronze• Roman copies made of marble• Conventions:1. Contrapposto- torso shifts so that right hip and

shoulder are lowered2. Idealized- young, nicely proportioned, no

physical defects3. Form is symmetrical, implied movement4. Severe style- lack of facial expression5. Hair is close to head and short

Page 29: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Discus Thrower

• Early Classical• Myron• Captures an athlete in

action

Page 30: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Nike Adjusting her Sandal

• Relief sculpture• Wet drapery• Contrast of smooth

surface of wings with folds of drapery

Page 31: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Hellenistic Period• Refers to spread of Greek culture beyond

Greece as a result of Alexander’s conquest• Conventions:1. Dramatic, violent images2. Face is considered the mirror of inner person3. Beauty & perfection of the body less important4. Subject matter: athletes, children, old people5. Extreme/overly exaggerated movement6. Intended to stir emotions of the viewer

Page 32: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Winged NikeNike of Samothrace

• Commemorative of a great victory

• Wind whips drapery; body twists in space w/ sense of movement

• Found on hillside in Samothrace in 118 pieces

Page 33: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

The Dying Gaul• Commemorative to

celebrate victory over the Gauls

• Blood flows from the wound in his side

• Difficulty supporting his head; tilts downward

• Pain & the knowledge he’s dying distort the face

Page 34: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

The Seated Boxer• Not a victorious young athlete, but an aging

boxer resting after a brutal, maybe lost, match• Swollen ears, scratches, sweat, broken nose,

battered face

Page 35: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Architecture and Architectural Sculpture

• Houses for the gods

• Often set at an elevated site where everyone could see it

• Form determined by function

Page 36: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

The Greek Architectural Orders• Each part is related to each other and to

the whole structure

Turn to page 170 of the text. Label each of the parts ofGreek temple construction.There are 11 labels.

Page 37: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Pediment• Low pitched gable or triangular area

• 3 sides

• Usually filled with sculptures

Page 38: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Parthenon PedimentsWest

• Contest that Athena won over Poseidon for the rule of Athens

• Sculptures in the round

Page 39: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Parthenon PedimentsEast

• Birth of Athena (fully grown and clad in armor)

Page 40: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Doric Order• Simple, heavy column

without a base, topped by a broad, plain capital

• The Parthenon

Page 41: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Ionic Order• Thinner, taller

columns than Doric• Had an elaborate

base and a capital carved into double scrolls that looked like the horns of a ram

• Temple of Athena Nike

Page 42: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Corinthian Order• Most elaborate• Capital is elongated and

decorated w/ leaves• Temple of Zeus at Athens

Page 43: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Acropolis• Elevated rock supporting several temples and

buildings• Sacred hill• Had a 40’ statue

of Athena

Page 44: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

The Naos

• Contains the cult statue of Athena

• 40’ tall on a wooden pedestal

• Wooden frame• Skin was ivory• Armor and drapery

was gold

Page 45: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Parthenon

Page 46: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

• Phidias oversaw the building of it and created the statue of Athena. He was the first to use drapery to reveal the body.

• Temple to Athena

• Stands within a continuum of Doric columns

Page 47: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Slight Adjustments/ Cross Section

• Lines that look horizontal

actually curve upward toward

the middle

• Columns tilt slightly inward

• Corner columns are placed

closer together

Page 48: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Doric Metopes• 4 mythological battles• West- Greeks against the Amazons• North- Trojan War• East- Olympians overthrowing the Titians• South-battle between the Lapiths and Centaurs• Political subtext of the battles- the Athenian triumph over the

Persians

Page 49: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Ionic Frieze• Located over the outside of the inner wall

that illustrates the Great Panathenian procession

Page 50: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement
Page 51: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

The Temple of Athena Nike

• Small marble Ionic temple

• Square naos• Front/back porches

with 4 ionic columns and 4 steps

Page 52: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

The Erechtheion

• Dedicated to Athena as

the patron of Athens

Page 53: ANCIENT GREEK ART 6 TH – 4 TH CENTURY BC. 6 th century Ruled by tyrant One of wealthiest city states (polis) Leader in artistic achievement

Porch of the Maidens

• 2 sets of 3 mirror images of caryatids (female columns)

• Contrapposto pose• Drapery defines body• Perfect symmetry


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The Enlightenment Late 17 th century- most of 18 th century (1600s-1700s)

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