ancient incas world history i. where? modern- day countries: colombia ecuador peru bolivia chile...
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Ancient IncasAncient Incas
World History IWorld History I
Where?Where?Modern-day countries: • Colombia• Ecuador• Peru • Bolivia• Chile • Argentina
In the Andes Mountains
Who?Who? Inca were a distinct Inca were a distinct
people of the Cuzco people of the Cuzco Valley in South Valley in South America with a unique America with a unique culture and language culture and language called called quechuaquechua
““Inca” actually the term Inca” actually the term for the leaderfor the leader Divine, descendent of Divine, descendent of
the Sun-godthe Sun-god
What?What?
Conquered surrounding tribes one by one (ca. Conquered surrounding tribes one by one (ca. 1313thth century CE) under legendary Manco century CE) under legendary Manco CapacCapac Mighty, fierce militaryMighty, fierce military Mixture of assimilation and independence Mixture of assimilation and independence More of a confederation than an empireMore of a confederation than an empire
Largest Native American civilizationLargest Native American civilization Called Called TahuantinsuyuTahuantinsuyu, , quechua for the "Four quechua for the "Four
Quarters of the World"Quarters of the World" Decline 16Decline 16thth c. – Spanish c. – Spanish conquistadoresconquistadores
Inca SocietyInca Society Strict, hierarchical social structure Strict, hierarchical social structure
focused on the group above the focused on the group above the individualindividual At the top was the “Inca” and the At the top was the “Inca” and the
royal family royal family Each tribe had tribal heads Each tribe had tribal heads At the very bottom were the common At the very bottom were the common
people who were all grouped in people who were all grouped in squads of ten people each with a squads of ten people each with a single "boss" single "boss"
Civil service exam Civil service exam Quechua = language of the empireQuechua = language of the empire
Incan SocietyIncan Society Incas cultivated Incas cultivated
CornCorn PotatoesPotatoes TomatoesTomatoes CottonCotton PeanutsPeanuts Coca Coca
Raised llama Raised llama and alpaca for and alpaca for food and for food and for laborlabor
Inca ReligionInca Religion Central god of the Incan religion Central god of the Incan religion
was the sun-god, was the sun-god, IntiInti (many (many other gods as well)other gods as well)
Believed in an afterlifeBelieved in an afterlife Heaven was depicted by the Heaven was depicted by the
condor; the underworld by the condor; the underworld by the anaconda anaconda
Highest point of the city Highest point of the city reserved for religious activities reserved for religious activities
Sacrificed children, called Sacrificed children, called capachoacapachoa
Inca SocietyInca Society They had no writing system, They had no writing system,
but they kept records on but they kept records on various colored knotted cords various colored knotted cords called called quipuquipu
Violent punishment systemViolent punishment system Being thrown off a cliff, hands Being thrown off a cliff, hands
cut off, eyes cut outcut off, eyes cut out No prisonsNo prisons
Conquered people had to pay Conquered people had to pay a labor tax (a labor tax (mitamita) to the state) to the state
Inca AchievementsInca Achievements Roads without wheels?Roads without wheels?
Astonishing network of roads – some pavedAstonishing network of roads – some paved Chasquis Chasquis delivered messages throughout empiredelivered messages throughout empire
Built massive forts with stone slabs so perfectly Built massive forts with stone slabs so perfectly cut that they didn't require mortar cut that they didn't require mortar
Built irrigation systems and terrace farms for Built irrigation systems and terrace farms for agriculture in the Andes Mountainsagriculture in the Andes Mountains
Inca AchievementsInca Achievements Built aqueducts to their Built aqueducts to their
citiescities Much like who?Much like who?
Very advanced in Very advanced in medicine and surgerymedicine and surgery
Macchu PichuMacchu Pichu
Macchu PichuMacchu Pichu
DeclineDecline Franciso Pizzarro Franciso Pizzarro
kidnapped the emperor kidnapped the emperor Atahualpa Atahualpa Executed him in 1533 Executed him in 1533
Over the next thirty years Over the next thirty years the Spanish struggled the Spanish struggled against various violent against various violent uprisingsuprisings
Gained control in the Gained control in the 1560's 1560's
DeclineDecline The Incas had an army which consisted of 40,000 The Incas had an army which consisted of 40,000
people and the Spanish army in the Americas had people and the Spanish army in the Americas had only 180 people – How did they conquer? only 180 people – How did they conquer? 1) Much of the Incan army died as a result of 1) Much of the Incan army died as a result of
smallpox, which was carried to them via the Spanish smallpox, which was carried to them via the Spanish 2) The Spanish were able to convince other tribes, 2) The Spanish were able to convince other tribes,
already under Incan rule, to side with them and over already under Incan rule, to side with them and over throw the Incan Empire throw the Incan Empire
3) The weapons used by Incan warriors, though 3) The weapons used by Incan warriors, though effective in tribal warfare, were no match for the effective in tribal warfare, were no match for the Spanish arms Spanish arms