andré rault general secretary mid and long term powertrains evolution associated fuels
DESCRIPTION
E. U. C. A. R. Euro pean Council for Automotive R&D. André RAULT General Secretary Mid and Long Term Powertrains Evolution Associated Fuels. EUCAR Presentation. What is EUCAR ? Present Research Activities and Trends in Powertrain EUCAR Vision on Future Powertrain - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
André RAULTGeneral Secretary
Mid and Long Term Powertrains EvolutionAssociated Fuels
European Council for Automotive R&D
E RUCA
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
EUCAR Presentation• What is EUCAR ?
• Present Research Activities and Trends in Powertrain
• EUCAR Vision on Future Powertrain
• EUCAR Scenario of Future Powertrain and associated Fuels
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Precompetitive Working Themes
Environment,Energy, Resources
Safety forRoad Users
Mobility,Transport
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
European Approach to CO2 Reduction
1995
1998 2004
2003Review
2008
CO2 g/km
190
140
120
2012
CO2perateCO2 R&D
CEC - ACEA Agreement
Year
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
CO2 Monitoring: Achievements on 1995-2000
140
160
180
20019
85
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
CO
2 E
mis
sion
s, g
/km
, New
Cyc
le
ACEA
EU 15
Targets
Monitoring the CO2 Emission Reduction
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Control SystemsOverall Power Train
Management
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment
Engine
Transmission
Materials-Light Weight
-Reduced Friction-New Materials for
higher Demands
Demands Additional Needs
Engine, Transmissionand specify
Legislation
•Emissions•CO2
Customer Demands•Driving Pleasure / Agility•Consumption•Comfort
Today the Powertrain has to be viewed as a complete system Engine - Transmission - Powertrain Management - Materials - Fuels
FuelsModified
Fuels, Lubricants
PowertrainCombustion
ProcessImprovement
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Potential of Internal Combustion Engines100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
Fu
el C
on
su
mp
tion
( %
)
PFI GDI = 1
PFIDownsized+ TC
VVT GDI > 1
Gasoline engines Diesel engines
DI DIincreasedinjectionpressure
Sp
read
HCCI(laboratory
status)
• NOx
• PM Trap
weak
starting
torque
• NOx
• comb.
process
• Valve
operation
Main problem
for GDI, DDI
Sulfur
• costsUnder condition of EURO IV
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
The Hybrid will succeed if it can reach a Win-Win-Win-Situationbetween Legislation Customer Costs
PC
TTR-Hybrid
Been suitable very wellasPower-Hybrid, 4WD
The power, generated by the combustion engine,can be transformed with the generator into electric power and/or transmitted directly to the drive axle.It is a combination of the parallel and the serial Hybrid.
Split-Hybrid Through the Road-Hybrid
ConventionalCar
ElectricCar
The Hybrid - between conventional car and electric car
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
EUCAR Vision of the Future
• The coming views of future powertrain trends have been consensually established by the EUCAR Powertrain experts group constituted of all member companies
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Overall powertrain strategy
advanced combustion engines and drive train(plus Starter/Generator, Light weight design, FC - APU)
HybridPropulsion
Fuel CellPropulsion
today tomorrow
Mild Hybrid Propulsion(ICE plus small electric drive)
conventionalcombustion
engines
The recent strategy of expanding the vehicle range will be applied to expand the powertrain options in the future
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010
100
80
60
40
20
Emission %
Greenhouse Effect, CO2
Energy
Exhaust Emission HC, CO, NOx, PM
Diesel HDTPM, NOx
Emission reduction and legislation needs
Emission reduction and legislation focus Energy resources and reduction of CO2 will gain importance
Diesel PCHC+NOx, CO
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Different technologies for different markets?
EGR w/o DPF
2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2010 2012 2014
EPAEURO 4 EURO 5EPAEPA
year
legislation
Comb. Heterogeneous/HCCI + DENOX 0,9 +(DPF) comb. system
EGR (20%) + DPF 0,9 + DENOX 0,9
SCR 0,65...0,70~ SCR 0,80...0,85~
US
EUROPE
EGR+DPF+DENOX 0,65
US market: no urea desired, Denox +DPF +(EGR) preferred(4 - 5% increase of fuel consumption)
EU market: SCR technology (urea/NH3), combined sytem preferred
?
Legislation for Heavy Duty Trucks
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Statements With EURO IV legislation in 2005, the vehicles emissions
are reduced to a level with a negligible impact on environment.The effective emissions are almost zero.
Beyond EURO IV there will be no need for further emission legislation.
After 2005 the R&D activities will bring the fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions into focus.
The demand is: only one aftertreatment technologyfor all markets.
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Drive train & transmission
Future main technology fields
Supercharging
Fuels and lubes Internal combustion engine
Overall powertrain management
Increase efficiency and reduce raw emissions Develop complex aftertreatment systems Develop modern clean fuels and lubes
Exhaust gas aftertreatment
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Advanced combustion process
and combinations
Main ICE technologies to reduce energy consumption
Clutch 1Clutch 21. 3. 5. 2.4. 6.
S1 S2 S3 S4
Toroidal-CVT Automated manual transmission
Supercharging and downsizing
0
40
80
120
rated-Revolutions [1/min]
To
rqu
e [%
]
Aspirating mapdownsized
engine
supercharged range
standard naturally aspirated engine
Capacity reduction
idle-
Transmission
Variable Valve Timing
0
2
4
6
8
10
freiwählbar
OutletInlet
Valv
e L
ift
[mm
]
PRE MAIN AFTERPILOT POST
Multiple InjectionDI HCCI / CAI
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Main technology trends - IC engines (PC)
Market Introduction 2005 2010 2015 2020
Thermal Management
Multiple Injection SystemsSingle Cycle Control
Non Precious Metal Aftertreatment Systems
GDI/DDI Continuous NOx-Reduction
Reduced Friction by New Material and Design
Multivariable Model Based Control Systems
DI Spray Guided / Stratified Charge
Essential increase bmep = 28...30 bar+ advanced charging technologies
Near Controlled Auto Ignition
High Pressure Supercharged, VNT/VCG
Starter / Generator with start/stop
Starter / Generator with driving support
Die
sel
Gasolin
e
Homogeneous Combustion
Downsizing bmep = 28...30 barHigh Pressure ChargingReduction In-Cylinder Pressure
Combined heterogeneous/homogeneous Combustion
Combined Soot Trap and Catalytic NOx-Reduction (no fuel additive)
Fully Flexible Injection SystemsStarter / Generator
Hybrid Transmission (CVT + e-drive)
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Main technology trends - Diesel engines (HDT)
Market Introduction 2005 2010 2015 2020
Homogeneous Combustion
Downsizing bmep= 28...30 barTwo Stage Turbocharging
Variable Compression Ratio
Single cylinder control
Combined heterogeneous/homogeneous Combustion
Combined Soot Trap and Catalytic NOx-Reduction
Variable Injection Nozzle Geometry
Downsizing bmep = 25 barVariable Nozzle Turbine with reduced gaps
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Reduced Friction by New Material and Design
Variable Compressor Geometry
Multivariable Model Based Control Systems
High Pressure, Fully Flexible Injection Systems
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
SystemSystem
InternalCombusti
onEngine
Electric/ElectronicManagement
Transmission
Exhaust GasAftertreatmentAutomated
ManualTransmission
IntegrationIntegration
Integrated adaptive systems fulfil customer demandsand further legislations
Clutch 1
Clutch 2 1
.3.
5.
2.
4.
6.
S1
S2
S3
S4
Homogeneous chargecompression ignition
(HCCI)
System integration - the key to success
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
StatementPropulsion systems using ICE’s will demonstrate their potential for meeting future needs:
- minimal emissions- drastically reduced fuel consumption- high efficiency- good driving performance
by exploiting the R&D activities on- adaptive control systems for integrated powertrain management- new combustion processes- hybridization of internal combustion engines (mild hybrid)- advanced materials for higher performance (light weight, high temperature/ pressure resistance, etc.)
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Why fuel cell vehicles?
customer
environment /society
vehicleemissions
Driving pleasure without remorse
efficiency
Independence from petroleum
Greenhouseeffect
(hydrogen)
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Eff
icie
ncy
[%
] in
NE
DC
today
until 2003
after 2010
ICE gasoline ICE Diesel ICE MeOH FC CH2 FC LH2 FC MeOH
Internal Combustion Engine Fuel Cell
Comparison between fuel cell and combustion engineEfficiency - well to wheel -
Source: DC, Dr. Fortnagel, 13 th International Conference Engine & Environment, AVL, Graz, September 2001
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Fuel cell vehicles worldwide
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
10.000.000
1.000.000
100.000
10.000
1.000
100
10
Population/Forecast
Source: FH Gelsenkirchen, Prof. Dudenhöfer; Audi, 10. Aachener Kolloquium
Test-phase Niche-phase Production-phase
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Statements
Fuel-cell vehicles have still a long development-path to go (weight & costs
reduction, maturing the technologies), production start not before 2015
Hydrogen is only meaningful in the mobile applications, if all technologicaland economical barriers have been overcome ( past 2020)
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
today best in consumption (high efficiency)
need for further reduction of NOx and PM emissions
meets high requests on emissions
need for further reduction of CO2 (consumption)
promotion of the combustion engines through combinations with electric drives
battery-and storage-technologies
Diesel engine
Gasoline engine
Hybrid
Fuel cell best solution for the environment if hydrogenis available
costs, infrastructure, fuel storage
Conclusion
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Beyond the year 2010, the share of engines depends mainly on: legislation availability of mature new technologies infrastructure of alternative fuels (CNG, Methanol, Hydrogen) availability of modified / synthetic fuels and lubricants costs and customer acceptance
• For the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)the diversity of solutions and technologies will continue.
Future scenario in Europe
Chairman IntroductionPresentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
EUCAR 2002
Future scenario in Europe
Conventional (MPI)
Mar
ket
Sh
are
(%)
100
80
60
40
20
IDI
InternalCombustion Engine
starter / battery
Model Year 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year 2020
Hybrid
Fuel Cell
Future Share of: Engines (Passenger Cars) Fuels
Oil basedfuels
•Improved fuels•Clean fuels•Designed fuels
Gas based fuels
•CNG•GTL fuels
Bio-fuels
Hydrogen
GASOLINE
DIESEL
Gasoline/Diesel Engine
with Starter/Generator with HCCI
+ supercharging DI-Diesel + Starter/generator
and VVA / multiple injection?
w/o HCCI
with CAI+ supercharging+ Starter/generator
DI-Gasoline and VVA ?and/or VCR ?and combinations
w/o CAI