Andrea M. KetchumHealth Sciences Library System

University of Pittsburghketchum@pitt.edu

http://www.hsls.pitt.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-1294

MAR Boost Box June 10, 2014

ORCIDthe universal author identifier

1.Solves the name ambiguity problem

2.Improves scholarly communication

2

(Open Researcher and Contributor ID)

Agenda

1. Name Ambiguitya. What is it?

b. Forms of name ambiguityc. Intro to solution: Author identifiers

2. Why ORCID? a. Intro to ORCIDb. Benefits to stakeholdersc. Get started with ORCID

3

Name Ambiguity: What Is It?

One author•Multiple forms of one author’s name

Multiple authors•One name shared by many authors

4

23%

77%

% Author Name Searches from one day in PubMed

Author name searchesAll other searches

5

(Herskovic 2007)

N = 2,689,166

“queries contained only authors’ names or a PubMed author tag”

Wikipedia: Human name disambiguation pages • William Smith = 211

entries

6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Human_name_disambiguation_pages&pagefrom=Adams%2C+Albert%0AAlbert+Adams#mw-pages

Forms of Name Ambiguity

1. Commonality 2. Name Variation3. Name Changes4. Transliteration

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(Torvic 2009)

Forms of Name Ambiguity

1. Commonality

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(Torvik 2009)

2/3 authors in MEDLINE share the last name and first initial with an average of 8 other authors

33%

66%

Smith J

How many surnames in a country?

1. Commonality

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• China - top 100 surnames cover 84.77% of China's population

• Japan - top 100 surnames cover slightly more than 33%

• U.S. – top 100 surnames cover 11% of Americans

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Name Retrieved

J. Lee 15,980S. Lee 15,780 S. Kim 13,649J. Smith 13,338J. Wang 12,969

TOP 5 author names in MEDLINE in 2006

1. Commonality

(Torvic 2009)

Records retrieved - MEDLINE 2006-2014

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Wikipedia: List of most common surnames in North America: United States. http://bit.ly/aFFHwX

Wikipedia: List of most common surnames in Asia. http://bit.ly/a8SP26

2006 20140

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

15,980

54,719

13,338

20,851

Lee JSmith J

156% increase

342% increase

1. Commonality

(Torvic 2009)

Forms of Name Ambiguity

2. Name Variation

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Smith JSmith, JohnJohn A. SmithSmith JAJohn Allen Smith

+20% authors with 2+ articles have variant names¹

+

20%

80%

authors with 2+ articles

(Torvic 2009)

3. Name Changes• Marriage/Divorce• Religious conversion• Gender reassignment• Institutional Affiliation

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(Torvik 2009)

Forms of Name Ambiguity

Forms of Name Ambiguity

4. Transliteration• Changing characters to different

alphabet• Asian languages, Russian, Arabic, etc.

• Name structure may differ from English• Chinese

• Surname precedes given name• Surnames usually 1 syllable. Sometimes 2,

then can be mistaken for a given name. • Given names may have 2 syllables: translate

as 1 or 2 words? Hyphenate?

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(Li 2012; Sun 2002)

Forms of Name Ambiguity

• Suffix: Jr. or III or 3rd

• Hyphen: John A. Smith-Allen• Prefix: van Owen; Al-Shawa• Apostrophes: O’Brien

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(Scoville 2003)

5. Other

Image: Help by Brian Snelson / CC-BY

HELP!

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AUTHOR IDENTIFIERS

Here’s an idea! • …a unique author

identifier that will accurately follow one unique individual throughout a career

• …an identifier that will filter out false hits in database author name searches

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Lifesaver by Emdot / CC-BY

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Unique identifiers: new idea?

Author Identifier initiatives 1. ArXiv Author ID from Cornell for use with ArXiv

repository2. International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) - ISO-

certified3. PubMed Author ID (Not currently under development*) 4. Scopus Author ID 5. Thomson Reuters ResearcherID (Web of Science)6. Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) from OCLC7. ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)

*PubMed® Author ID Project. NLM Tech Bull. 2010 Nov-Dec;(377):e2.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/nd10/nd10_pm_author_id.html#note 19

Part 2: Why ORCID?

1. Intro to ORCID2. Benefits to stakeholders3. Get started with ORCID!

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Intro to ORCID

1. ORCID is a global registry of unique author identifiers• 16-digit number: 0000-0000-0000-0000

2. ORCID API allows others to create new resources by connecting the ORCID database with other resources

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More ORCID…

• ORCID ID links existing researcher identifiers

• ORCID ID can be expressed as a URI • http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-1294• Links to author’s ORCID page• Authors personally manage their records of

scholarly activity

• ORCID ID links researchers to all scholarly communication workflows accurately

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Funding Agencies

Other Research Identifiers

Research & Scholarly Societies

Publishers / Manuscript Submission

Systems

Repositories incl. Data

Universities &

Research institutions

Scopus ID;ResearcherI

D;

NIH;Wellcome Trust;US DOE

eLife;Elsevier

;Hindawi

;Nature

Harvard DASH Am

Chemical Society

Boston U.;

HarvardTexas A&M

Figshare;

DRYAD

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http://orcid.org/about/community/members

ORCID up close

1. Authors register to obtain a unique identifier. 2. All scholarly contributions can be collected on the

author’s online ORCID page, creating an online CV. 3. An author’s ORCID ID used in correspondence

provides immediate access to author’s ORCID page.4. Authors manage the content and the privacy

settings of their ORCID pages.5. No sensitive personal information is part of the

ORCID record.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097

Background

• Initiative started in December 2009 with Business, Technical and Outreach Working Groups formed in early 2010

• Launched as non-profit organization with a Board of Directors in September 2010

• ORCID is international and inter-disciplinary• Open Researcher and Contributor ID

(ORCiD) service launched in October 2012• ORCID is based on licensed Researcher ID

software from Thomson Reuters

25(Fenner 2009)

Broad international usage

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Country Visits %USA 370082 15.5%

China 230908 9.7%Portugal 155445 6.5%

UK 127906 5.4%India 126960 5.3%Spain 104542 4.4%Italy 88814 3.7%

Brazil 84693 3.6%Germany 83155 3.5%

Japan 75587 3.2%Australia 63133 2.6%France 61973 2.6%Canada 50670 2.1%

Iran 44592 1.9%Russia 44061 1.8%

South Korea 42598 1.8%Turkey 36496 1.5%

Sweden 33458 1.4%Netherlands 31583 1.3%

Malaysia 31516 1.3%Taiwan 30983 1.3%Egypt 27373 1.1%

Poland 22350 0.9%Switzerland 22043 0.9%

Mexico 21973 0.9%Vietnam 16820 0.7%Belgium 16011 0.7%

Saudi Arabia 15875 0.7%Greece 15302 0.6%

Denmark 13152 0.6%

• 36 countries • >10,000 unique visitors• 84 countries • >1,000 unique visitors

• Registry supports multiple character sets

• Content in Spanish, French, English, and Chinese (adding Portuguese, Korean, Japanese, and Russian in 2014)

More than 727,000 iDs issued to date

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OrcidLIVE! • http://orcidlive.org/

Who’s joining ORCID now?

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Sample ORCID page

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-1294

Eliminate name ambiguity

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Benefits to

• Researchers• Academic Institutions• Funders • Publishers• Professional Societies

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Benefits of ORCID if you…

Research or Author Support and Fund Researchers/Authors

Publish and Manage Content

Universities, Institutions

Funders Publishers

IndependentRepositories

Professional Societies

Improves discoverability

Measures institutional output

Streamlines the submission process or membership/conference process

Pre-populates grant, manuscript submission, other administrative forms

Measures the impact of funds

Facilitates creation and maintenance of unambiguous author and reviewer profiles

Permanent throughout career

Valuable benchmarking tool Streamlines peer review services

Find peer-reviewers, collaborators

Tracks research activities across databases, institutions, geographic/political borders

Supports attribution by automating the contributor-research linkage

Create, update, confirm CVs more easily

Links to institutional directory, other administrative modules

Makes it easier to recognize society member contributions

Save time! Reduces duplication of effort

Get Started with ORCID

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Distinguish yourself

33http://orcid.org

• Free and fast—takes about 30 seconds

• Sign up now! orcid.org/

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No muss No fuss • Some institutions register faculty

• Boston University• Harvard University • University of Michigan

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Yes, you can simply delete your ORCID. We don’t recommend this, since we foresee a time when ORCIDs will be required for grant applications and by publishers. And an unused ORCID is not a problem, so we suggest keeping it until you need it. http://www.lib.umich.edu/orcid

Import works

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• Use the multiple ORCID import wizards to import your works into your ORCID record.

• This import process not only populates your record, it also attaches your ORCID iD to the works you claim in these databases, making YOUR work easier to discover.

Search & add works

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Manually add works

Some of your works may not be included in the search results to import.

You can add them manually.

Other identifiers

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Exchange profile and/or publication

data

Associate your ORCID ID with

ResearchID

1

2

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Other identifiers

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Education & Employment

Add emails

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You control the privacy

• You determine what, how, and with whom the information in your ORCID record is shared.

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Use your ORCID ID • Manuscript submission • PubMed AuthorID field• NIH – SciENCV• Funding • Datasets

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Manuscript submission

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PubMed’s Author ID field

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( name of system )[auid] ( specific ID) [auid]

0000-0001-6287-0130ORCID

[auid]

PubMed’s AuthorID field

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Multiple Author IDs possible in each record

http://orcid.org/0000000162870130

http://orcid.org/0000000315117108

CREATE A URL to link to author’s ORCID PAGE.

Funding: NIH SciENCV

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NIH SciENCV

SciENCV

IDsName

AffiliationEducation

HonorsAwards

Personal StatementContributions

GrantsPublications

CollaboratorsPatents

Etc.

Inputs

ORCIDeRA Commons

NCBI My Bibliography

Output

NIH Biosketch

(Schaffer 2014)

Funding: Add manually

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Link to datasets

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You can now link your ORCID ID with your data, enabling you to display your

datasets in your ORCID profile.

Third party altmetrics tools

http://impactstory.org

Use your ORCID ID to obtain

usage metrics for your public works

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Add to email signature

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Andrea M. Ketchum MLIS AHIP

Reference Librarian

ketchum@pitt.edu

http://www.hsls.pitt.edu

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-1294

Make it easy for others to see your work by including

in your email signature.

Portrait of a Broody Hen by normanack /CC BYmade by chickens by torbakhopper /CC BY

• Many ORCID ID users have not populated their ORCID pages

• In the future, funders, publishers and other administrative entities are expected to require ORCID IDs

• Until more widely integrated, may not be useful in database searches

• This is a long-term effort ! 55

• Educate ourselves about ORCID • Educate patrons about ORCID • Support efforts to implement

ORCID

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How can librarians help?

Resources

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1. ORCID.org. What Is ORCID? 2014. http://vimeo.com/97150912 (4:17)

2. MLA Scholarly Communication Committee. 2013 Committee Fact Sheet: AUTHOR IDENTIFIERS: Tackling Author Name Ambiguity (August 2013). https://www.mlanet.org/sites/default/files/government/pdf/2013_author_identifiers_factsheet.pdf

3. LibGuides:a. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: ResearcherID, ORCID, and Other

Unique Author Identifiers http://cshl.libguides.com/orcidb. HSLS Scholarly Communication/ORCID http://bit.ly/1utMSS9 c. MIT: Author Identifiers http://libguides.mit.edu/authoridsd. Taubman Health Sciences Library: Open Researcher and Contributor

ID (ORCID) http://guides.lib.umich.edu/orcid e. Texas A&M University Libraries: ORCID and Other Researcher

Identifiers http://guides.library.tamu.edu/researcher_ids\

4. ImpactStory. Ten things you need to know about ORCID. 2014. http://bit.ly/1rHkGNz

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Questions?

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Thank you for attending!

Andrea M. KetchumHealth Sciences Library System

University of Pittsburghketchum@pitt.edu

http://www.hsls.pitt.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-1294

MAR Boost Box June 10, 2014

References 1. Chou L-F. Medline-based bibliometric analysis of gastroenterology journals between 2001 and

2007. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG 2009;15(23):2933. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699018/

2. Herskovic JR, Tanaka LY, Hersh W, Bernstam EV. A day in the life of PubMed: analysis of a typical day's query log. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2007 Mar-Apr;14(2):212-20. PubMed PMID: 17213501; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2213463. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213463/

3. Li S, Cong G, Miao C. Author Name Disambiguation Using a New Categorical Distribution Similarity. In: Flach P, Bie T, Cristianini N, editors. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012. p. 569-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33460-3_42

4. Ranganathan S, Schönbach C, Nakai K, Tan T. Challenges of the next decade for the Asia Pacific region: 2010 International Conference in Bioinformatics (InCoB 2010). BMC genomics 2010;11(Suppl 4):S1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005919/

5. Scoville CL, Johnson ED, McConnell AL. When A. Rose Is Not A. Rose. Medical Reference Services Quarterly 2003 2003/11/18;22(4):1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J115v22n04_01

6. Sun X, Zhou J. English versions of Chinese authors’ names in biomedical journals: observations and recommendations. Science Editor 2002;25(1):3-4. http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/files/scienceeditor/v25n1p003-004.pdf

7. Torvik VI, Smalheiser NR. Author Name Disambiguation in MEDLINE. ACM Trans Knowl Discov Data 2009 Jul 1;3(3). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805000/

8. Wikipedia. List of most common surnames in North America: United States. 2013 http://bit.ly/aFFHwX

9. Wikipedia. List of most common surnames in Asia. 2013. http://bit.ly/a8SP26

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