Andrew Johnson and Radicals

Chapter 14, Section 2

Andrew Johnson• Former Democrat

from Tennessee

– Made Lincoln’s Vice President to attract Democrat votes

– Not trusted by Republicans

• Johnson planned to use Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction, not Congress

Andrew Johnson

Presidential Reconstruction

• Johnson tells south

– Repudiate (refuse to pay) war debt

– Nullify ordinances of secession

– Adopt 13th Amendment freeing slaves

• SC does not recognize illegality of secession

• MS does not ratify 13th Amendment

Black Codes

• Laws to restrict freedom of blacks– Could not vote– Could not marry whites– Could not serve on juries

• Vagrancy laws– Tried to force blacks to stay

on plantations

Confederates In Office• Johnson pardoned many

Confederate politicians and officers

– Many were elected into new southern governments

– Vice President of CSA, 6 Confederate Cabinet members, 58 members of Confederate Congress

• South got more representatives in Congress because now blacks counted in population

Committee of Reconstruction

• Congressional Committee to make a plan for Reconstruction

• Moderate Republicans joined Radical Republicans to oppose seating Southern congressmen

– Southern states were no longer states– President didn’t have authority to determine

membership in Congress or readmission of states

Freedman’s Bureau

• Originally made to help freed slaves

– with food– Jobs– medical care– built schools

• Johnson vetoes bill

Civil Rights Bill

• Allowed federal government to protect civil rights of all citizens

• Johnson vetoes because he thought it violated state’s rights principle

• Angered Moderate Republicans– Moderates join with Radicals to pass

Freedman’s Bureau and Civil Rights bills over Johnson’s veto

Fourteenth Amendment

• Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws

Fourteenth Amendment

• Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,(See Note 15) and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Fourteenth Amendment

• Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,(See Note 15) and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

States will lose Representatives if they don’t let

Blacks vote

Fourteenth Amendment• Defines citizenship in US

• Must allow all adult males to vote

• No Confederate war debt could be paid

• Pardons of Confederate officials require 2/3 vote of Congress

• Tennessee ratifies 14th Amendment all other southern states refuse