Anette van DorlandFebruary 2003

ILRI

Breed type informationBreed type informationOromia Livestock Breed SurveyOromia Livestock Breed Survey

Breed types of Oromia Regional State

61 pure local breed types

1 exotic pure breed type

Pure breeds

27 local cross breed types

5 exoticxlocal cross breed types

Cross breeds

X

Unknown pure and cross breed types

60 % of observations is unknown

Unknown breeds

?

Distribution of (cross)breed types

Zone Local Exotic LocalxLocal ExoticxLocalArsi 5 - 1 2Bale 13 - 4 4Borana 5 - 3 -East Hararge 18 - 13 1East Shoa 10 - 2 2East Wollega - - - 1Illubabor 1 - 2 -Jimma - - - 1North Shoa 2 - 1 3West Hararge 24 1 4 1West Shoa - 1 - -West Wollega 3 - - -

Cross breedPure breed

Number of (cross)breed types by Zone

Number of breed types per household

No. of pure/cross No. ofbreed types households

1 49952 2493 464 1

Combination of No. ofbreed types households1 Pure breed 49571 Cross breed 38Pure breeds 28Cross breeds 1Pure and Cross breeds 153

Distribution of Major Breed types

Distribution of major breed types by Zone

Zone Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocalArsi 215 2 - - - 4Bale 106 7 4 - - 4Borana 16 290 267 - - -East Hararge - - - 78 - 1East Shoa 235 8 - - - 4East Wollega - - - - - 4Illubabor - - - - - -Jimma - - - - - -North Shoa - - - - - 46West Hararge 179 - - - 85 -West Shoa - - - - - -West Wollega - - - - - -TOTAL 751 307 271 78 85 63

Pure and Cross breed type (no. of households)

Distribution of breed types by agro-ecological zone

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Dega Weina Dega Kolla

Agro-ecological zone

% o

f h

ou

se

ho

lds

Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocal

Doba Anniya

Guji HFxLocal

Borana

Arsi

Kolla (Lowland) Weinadega (Mid-altitude)

Dega (Highland)

Distribution of breed types by agro-ecological zone (cont.)

Distribution of breed types by production system

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Crop-livestock system Agro-pastoralist Pastoralist

Production system

% o

f h

ou

se

ho

lds

Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocal

Phenotypic characteristics: Qualitative and quantitative

Muzzle

Face

Ear

Dewlap

Hock joint

Hoof

Perputial sheath*

Back

Hump

Tail

Rump

Horn

Testis*

Pin bone

Hook bone

Neck

Tail switch

CharacteristicCoat colourCoat patternHair sizeHair typeHeight at withersHeart girthBody lengthDewlap sizeHump sizeHump shapeHump positionFace profileBack profileRump profileEar sizeEar shapeEar orientationHorn lengthHorn shapeHorn orientationHorn spacingTail lengthUdder sizeTeat sizeNavel flap sizeTestis sizePerputial sheath

Muzzle

Face

Ear

Dewlap

Hock joint

Hoof

Perputial sheath*

Back

Hump

Tail

Rump

Horn

Testis*

Pin bone

Hook bone

Neck

Tail switch

CharacteristicCoat colourCoat patternHair sizeHair typeHeight at withersHeart girthBody lengthDewlap sizeHump sizeHump shapeHump positionFace profileBack profileRump profileEar sizeEar shapeEar orientationHorn lengthHorn shapeHorn orientationHorn spacingTail lengthUdder sizeTeat sizeNavel flap sizeTestis sizePerputial sheath

Phenotypic characteristics: Qualitative and quantitative

Coat colour of body

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Colour combinations of HFxLocal

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

Colour combinations of Guji

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

% o

f h

ou

se

ho

lds

Coat colour of body (cont.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Colour combinations of Anniya

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

Colour combinations of Borana

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

35

Coat colour of body (cont.)

Colour combinations of Arsi

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

Colour combinations of Doba

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

Dewlap size

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Absent Small Medium Large

Size of dewlap

% o

f h

ou

se

ho

lds

Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocal

0

20

40

60

80

100

Absent Small Medium Large

Size of hump

% o

f h

ou

se

ho

lds

Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocal

Hump size

Herd structure (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Male Castrate Female Male Castrate Female

< 3 years > 3 years

Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocal

Trait preference by farmers of major breed types

Size/shape Colour Horns Heat/cold tolerance Temperament Work rate/draft power Ability to walk long distances Milk yield Meat Growth rate Fertility Longevity Disease tolerance/resistance Drought tolerance

Not importantPoorAverageGoodNo opinion

Trait preference by farmers of major breed types (cont.)

Size/shape Colour Horns Heat/cold tolerance Temperament Work rate/draft power Ability to walk long distances Milk yield Meat Growth rate Fertility Longevity Disease tolerance/resistance Drought tolerance

Trait preference by farmers of major breed types (cont.)

Size/shape Colour Horns Heat/cold tolerance Temperament Work rate/draft power Ability to walk long distances Milk yield Meat Growth rate Fertility Longevity Disease tolerance/resistance Drought tolerance

Production versus adaptation traits

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Adaptation traits Production traits

Traits

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

s d

edvi

atin

g f

rom

th

e av

erag

e

Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocal

Production characteristics

Reproduction

Age at sexual maturity

Age ate first parturition

Calving interval

Marketable age of young stock

Milk production

Lactation length

Production

Age at first parturition

Breed No. of No. of

Type households Mean a Range households Mean a RangeArsi 227 54.0 ± 10.7 33-84 240 20.1 ± 8.1 12-69

Borana 102 55.9 ± 6.8 34-72 88 16.4 ± 5.1 12-36Guji 90 58.3 ± 13.1 33-96 79 21.8 ± 10.4 12-76Anniya 25 45.7 ± 5.6 38-58 24 16.6 ± 2.3 12-24Doba 30 52.1 ± 9.7 33-72 35 17.4 ± 3.4 12-24HFxLocal 23 39.7 ± 4.5 33-49 23 17.2 ± 7.0 12-47

Reproduction characteristics

Age at first parturition

Calving rate

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Arsi Borana Guji Anniya Doba HFxLocal

Breed types

Cal

vin

g r

ate

(%

)

Milk production

a Mean ± Standard deviationb Average milk production for all breed types

No. of Average milk production per animal (litre)

Breed type Households Mean±STDa Range

Arsi 258 1.4 ± 0.6 0.3 - 4

Borana 104 1.7 ± 0.6 0.5 - 4

Guji 87 1.1 ± 0.5 0.5 - 3

Doba 39 1.8 ± 1.0 0.5 - 5

Anniya 27 1.4 ± 0.7 0.5 - 3

HFxLocal 25 6.2 ± 3.6 1.3 - 14

Overallb 1985 1.4 ± 1.1 0.1 - 14

Lactation length

No. of Average lactation length per animal (months)

Breed type Households Mean±STDa Range

Arsi 259 9.3 ± 2.8 3 - 22

Borana 100 8.8 ± 3.5 3 - 24

Guji 88 9.8 ± 3.9 3 - 24

Doba 37 9.1 ± 2.2 5 - 16

Anniya 27 8.5 ± 3.5 5 - 25

HfxLocal 25 9.5 ± 2.9 6 - 16

Overallb 1958 9.1 ± 3.3 3 - 24

a Mean ± Standard deviationb Average milk production for all breed types

Conclusions

Most households reported owning pure breeds than cross breeds

In most households breed type was unknown

In most households one pure or cross breed type was found

Guji, HF-crosses, and Arsi breeds can be classified as

Midland/highland breed types. Doba, Borana, and Anniya can be

classified as lowland breed types

Farmers reported HF-crosses to be

poorly adapted to the environment;

Arsi to be less productive than other

breeds; and Guji to be both less

adapted and less productive than

other breeds