anfs 421 poultry production primary breeders. u. s. meat consumption
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ANFS 421POULTRY PRODUCTION
PRIMARY BREEDERS
U. S. Meat Consumption
Per Capita Consumption
0102030405060708090
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Lbs Chicken
Pork
Beef
The Breeders
Parent Breeder Owned by the Integrator Crosses breeds
purchased from a Primary Breeder
Supply Broiler Hatcheries with a constant supply of Hatching Eggs.
Boost Maternal Antibodies for a company’s Poultry Health Program
Primary Breeder An independent
company. Genetically develop
disease resistant poultry that grows faster on less feed and produces higher yields.
Accomplish this by minimizing the potential loss of breeding integrity of the poultry.
Primary Breeder Companies
Consolidation of the Industry Heritage Breeders LLC of Perdue
Farms Cobb Vantress of Tyson Foods Aviagen=Ross and Arbor Acres Hubbard-ISA of Merial
Growth Changes
1920’s 4.7 lbs of feed to produce 1 lb of live weight 2.5 lb Bird Took 18 weeks 25% flock mortality
Today Less than 2 lbs of feed to produce 1 lbs of live
weight 5 lb Bird Takes 7 weeks Less than 5% flock mortality
Reason for Improvements
Nutrition
Health Programs
Poultry management practices
Housing conditions
Genetics
Broilers,Roasters
Parent
Grandparent
Great-Grandparent
Pedigreed2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Genetic Pyramid
A B C D
Ped ♂X ♀ ♂X ♀ ♂X ♀ ♂X ♀
GGP ♂X ♀ ♂X ♀ ♂X ♀ ♂X ♀
GP ♂X ♀ ♂X ♀
Parent ♂X ♀
Broiler or Roaster
The Genetic Puzzle
Broilers,Roasters
Parent
Grandparent
Great-Grandparent
Pedigreed2008
90,000
2010
2011
2012
2009
3 million
105 million
14.2 billion
9,000
Four Years (Generations) for Changes
Broiler Processing Changes
1980 % Processed 67% Whole
birds 33% Cut-up
1990 % Processed 23% Whole birds 67% Cut-up 10% Further
porcessed
Genetic Selection Process
Identify industry needs Define selection traits Develop a modern pedigree
program Set improvement goals Evaluate broiler performance Invest in research
Genetic Gains Done at the Pedigree level
Selection process & Regeneration of birds with superior Genetic Traits
All eggs are identified as to who the father and sometimes mother are. This establishes families
Where Selections are made Hatchery Selection Farm Hen farm. Paper Selections (Based on family data)
Family Establishment
Labeling Eggs
Organizing Eggs at Pedigree Hatchery
Pedigree Hatchery Eggs in the Setting Incubator
Pedigree Baskets in the Hatcher
Pedigree Baskets Divided
Chick Examination
Hatchery Selections
Color of the chick Leg quality Family size Down texture Health Family Data
Recorded Each chick is line
checked
Selection Farm
Feed Conversion Testing
Growth Selection
Weight Conformation Skeletal structure Feed Conversion Health/Livability 160,000 birds placed-
only 35,000 selected Data is recorded on
all birds for family records
Broiler Selection Traits Growth rate Feed conversion Livability Health Heat resistance
Evisceration yield Part & meat yield Carcass fat Leg & skeletal
strength/confirmation
Breast confirmation
Example of Desired Weights
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Weeks of Age
Lbs. Males
Females
Blackout Farm
Birds arrive at 8 weeks
Must be converted from a Broiler to a Breeder.
Gains are less then .75 lbs. over the period of 13 week
Houses are managed the same as in parent breeders
Birds must be hand fed.
Blackout Farm Pens
Layer Testing Farm
Breeder Selection at Layer Farm
Trap nesting
Every egg identified & recorded in computer
Family egg production
Egg Quality
Best Families moved to Pedigree pens
35,000 birds selected but only 7,000 (20%)=Pedigree. Remainder = foundation stock
Layer Farm Pens
Layer Farm Biosecurity
More Biosecurity
High Yield Broiler
It is the breed of choice for producing value-added deboned products based on its meat yield, efficiency, broiler performance, and fillet shape. Optimize grow out and processing performance, achieving the highest eviscerated and breast meat yield of all breed options.
Low Cost Broiler
Efficient feed conversion and excellent growth rate provide the competitive advantage of the lowest cost for producers.
This broiler has been bred for robust health and well being and is ideally suited to free range and organic systems as well as less intensive indoor production. It is a colored chicken bred from a rustic brown female and white male, giving the broilers distinctive
Free Range Broiler
Industry Outlook
Annual production is increasing 5% every year. Further processing of chickens is creating many
new markets for poultry Poultry has become a leader in food safety All indicators point toward continued increases
in per capita consumption. Exports are increasing. Dealing with Poor Economy Competing with Energy Markets for feed
ingredients