KJF Nyelvvizsgaközpont

C1

Use of English

Reading & Writing

English

Exam Papers Maximum Score:

Required Minimum: Time: Dictionary

Use of English 12 no75 min. NOT allowedReading 1. 16

12 pointsReading 2. 12

Writing 40 16 points 90 min. allowed

Total: 80 165 min.

Kodolányi János FőiskolaSzékesfehérvár

1. Use of English

Read the text below. Some words are missing from the text. Choose the correct answer from the options (A, B, C or D) for each gap (1-15) in the text. Mark your answers with an X in the table on Answer Sheet 1. An example (0) has been given for you.

Planet Mars – Can Humans Live There in the Future?

Is the Earth overpopulated? Not enough land to (0)______ (B) and live on? Mars could be the answer – 140 million square kilometres available (1)______ free.

There could be an interesting land deal coming our way: 140 million square kilometres of dry ground on Mars at present (2)______ unoccupied. There are no previous owners to make trouble, and the selling price per hectare is exactly zero.

Nevertheless, there are a few difficulties. On a midsummer day, the temperature seldom rises above 10°C - woolly jumper weather. On a winter night, though, you would have to (3)______ a very chilly -120°C.

And there’s the small (4)______ of breathing: pressure at ground level is less than one per cent of what you are used to – and 97 per cent of that is carbon dioxide, without any trace of oxygen. Water could be another problem: there isn’t any, (5)______ at first sight.

Finally, you’d have to get there. The distance (6)______: sometimes it shrinks to a mere 60 million kilometres, but the bad news is that with current technology, you’d have to take the long way. (7)______ the journey would take almost a year – one way. But we are talking about a whole planet: the planet Mars. With the land area almost equal to the Earth’s, it has to be worth (8)______ the effort.

Is it really? In his book The Snow of Olympus Arthur C Clarke, the visionary sci-fi writer and physicist, says it is. His book is a richly illustrated voyage into the future of Mars in which the planet is terraformed1 to make it suitable for human (9)______. First we have to warm the planet, he says, by causing global warming that environmentalists fear on Earth. By doing (10)______, water trapped in Martian icecaps will melt. Consequently, the surface of Mars will be suitable for microbes2 to live there and they will emit oxygen, making the atmosphere suitable for the first plants. Plants will be followed by animals and, (11)______, humans. In a couple of centuries life may flourish on Mars, Clarke (12)______.

But can we really transform a planet? We have certainly managed to transform our own - though sometimes (13)______ the worst. We may well need to develop new terraforming techniques but these can save us from making serious mistakes while still here on Earth. As renown scientist Carl Sagan once put it: “Human history (14)______ that once we can do something, we (15)______ to go ahead and do it – if not now, then soon.” And 140 million square kilometres are waiting.

(Focus Magazine)

1 to make it look like Earth, to make it suitable for life to prosper2 primitive micro-organisms, very small living things that can only be seen if you use a microscope

0. A. transplant B. cultivate C. grow D. breed

1. A. for B. on C. in D. --

2. A. on the whole B. entirely C. generally D. absolute

3. A. catch up with B. get on with C. go along with D. put up with

4. A. test B. conflict C. matter D. situation

5. A. at least B. at last C. neither D. and then

6. A. transforms B. varies C. modifies D. alters

7. A. Even B. Although C. Thus D. Otherwise

8. A. to have made B. to make C. making D. make

9. A. using B. to be used C. to use D. use

10. A. thus B. -- C. so D. otherwise

11. A. eventually B. after all C. even D. at the ending

12. A. regrets B. claims C. tells D. admits

13. A. on B. for C. in D. to

14. A. proposes B. advises C. recommends D. suggests

15. A. tend B. are capable C. succeed D. make it

2. Reading 1.Read the text below and then read the gapped summary that follows. Your task is to fill the gaps (1-8) according to what the text says with one word per line. Short forms like isn't or don't count as two words. Write your answers on the lines on Answer Sheet 1.

Full text: The Truth about Caffeine

It's hard to find much wrong with a drug that can battle tiredness and improve creativity and could even help prevent Parkinson's disease and diabetes. It's also hard to find much right with a drug that increases blood pressure, worsens stress, causes insomnia and leads to addiction. When both drugs are the same thing, it's hard to know what to think.

The drug is caffeine, which is the recreational choice for nearly 60% of Americans. But is caffeine a curse, a tonic, a little bit of both? One thing's for certain: we sure love the stuff. There are 167 million coffee drinkers in the U.S., and they consumed nearly 6.3 billion gallons last year alone. Americans consumed a stunning 15.3 billion gallons in 2010, or 574 cups for every man and woman.

The good news is that caffeine does not necessarily hurt but in some ways it may help. That, however, requires drinking caffeine the right way, and most people don't, enjoying it first thing in the morning and then falling to pieces by the afternoon, when the caffeine leaves the

system. Better, says a sleep researcher, is to consume a little caffeine in the morning and continue to take it in very small doses throughout the day. That should evenly block the intake of a chemical that helps cause sleep. In a recent study, other researchers tested that theory, comparing a group of volunteers taking low, steady caffeine doses with those who got none at all. The caffeinated group indeed performed better with no symptoms of exhaustion late in the afternoon.

In another area of study some research suggests that caffeine may help prevent Parkinson's and diabetes. Using data gathered in a health survey, Professor Stampfer found that coffee drinkers had both diseases in lower numbers, though the benefit was a bit less pronounced for Parkinson's. But he is convinced that further studies of possible therapeutic effects may lead to caffeine-based treatments.

A tougher question concerns caffeine's ability to make people feel more cheerful. Studies since the 1980s have looked into its effect on the brain, hoping for a treatment for depression or alcoholism. Certainly, among people new to caffeine, the buzz3 is real. A beginner caffeine consumer can get a kick from as little as 20 mg of caffeine – the equivalent of 44 ml of strong coffee. But the average coffee drinker may consume up to 300 mg a day, often with no visible effect on mood. Reason: the body quickly gets accustomed to the chemical and requires ever higher doses to feel anything at all.

As users want to enjoy the pleasant excitement from caffeine, their intake climbs – sometimes to 1,200 mg a day or more, leading to nervousness and sleeplessness. Blood pressure may become high, and although the increase is not always dramatic, it can be dangerous for people at risk of hypertension or other cardiovascular problems. Wake-promoting drug Provigil seems to help one stay awake for long hours without these side effects, but your GP has to prescribe it. Patients report feeling calm and alert, but it is not intended for workers who want to sleep as little as possible. It is making some experts worried since nobody knows what the consequences of misuse might be.

The key – no surprise – is moderation. If you're experiencing all the bad and none of the good of caffeine, cut back. Mixing caffeinated drinks with decaffeinated can provide a relatively painless method for getting rid of caffeine from your body. When a 600 ml coffee can cost you $4, there's more than one reason to keep your intake under control.

(Time)Gapped summary:

Opinions on the effects of caffeine on people (1) ______; however, most people really like it. The recommended way of drinking coffee is (2) ______ from the way most people do it. The best method is to drink it (3) ______ ______ ______ (three words!) all day long. According to Professor Stampfer’s research, coffee can help (4) ______ two serious diseases. The results of more research may lead to caffeine being used as a drug with therapeutic effects. Coffee helps to lift the mood of those people who are (5) ______ to caffeine. As for the negative effects, getting used to drinking coffee may cause, among other things, sleeplessness and may be risky for people with (6) ______ ______(two words!). A certain drug has all the positive effects of caffeine without its negative ones, but you can get it only on (7) ______. So, those who want to experience the beneficial effects of caffeine should drink it (8) ______ _______ (two words!). An effective way of cleaning your body of the poisonous amount of caffeine is to have a mixture of caffeinated and decaffeinated drinks.

3 a sense of excitement, kick

3. Reading 2.Read the text below. After the text you will find six questions or unfinished statements about the text, each with three suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers with an X in the table on Answer Sheet 1.

Skin

Want to be part of a living work of art for the rest of your life? New York author Shelley Jackson plans to "publish" her short story Skin by having each word tattooed on a different person.

Volunteers are pouring in from all over the world. There will be ifs, buts, ands and other words written on heads, arms, legs and backs from England to Alabama.

"One of my 'words' [as the author calls her volunteers] had the word in tattooed on his butt," said Jackson, who had the story title 'Skin' written on her own wrist. The 40-year-old Californian already has a book published - on paper - called The Melancholy of Anatomy, but Skin will never be shown in its entirety to the general public - not unless one of Jackson's words breaks the contract they have signed with the author and releases the tale on the Internet, which Jackson admits is a risk.

She already has more than 1,000 volunteers for her 2,095-word story, and only when you have been tattooed do you get a copy of the whole story on paper. Jackson allocates each word in the strict order of the story and in the order of receiving applications - but the volunteers can choose where to have the tattoo. Jackson says: "There is something wonderfully melancholic about a piece of writing that's living flesh and finally dies and is grieved over. It is a revolution in literature." She promises to try to attend all her words' funerals but admits: "Most of my words are in their mid-twenties so I will probably die before a lot of them. Maybe I will send everyone a vial4 of my ashes. Can you imagine if they turned up to my funeral - an author mourned by her words?"

Those who are worried that signing up "blind" may mean that they find themselves in a story they don't like should not worry. Jackson says it is similar in style to her existing work. She is a funky Californian who now resides in Brooklyn and likes to explore the ideas of Kafka, Beckett and science fiction, so volunteers are unlikely to find themselves in a fascist story but, equally, will not be part of anything tame or ordinary.

Jackson jokes: "People have written to me saying that if two words met, fell in love and had a baby, would that child be a footnote? I'm wondering whether a kind of system of exclusive social classes is going to arise, where the common ands and thes will be looked down by fancier words - or maybe the prepositions and indefinite articles will gang up on the adjectives."

Jackson plans to stage an art exhibition featuring photographs of the faces of her volunteers arranged in the order of the story, but not displaying their tattoos because that would reveal

4 a small bottle that is used to hold something

the story. She originally had the idea of travelling around America, scratching each word in the dust or on fence posts and publishing photographs of the locations along with driving directions. She was partly inspired by British artist/nature sculptor Andrew Goldsworthy, whose ephemeral5 works in leaves, earth or snow often last for mere seconds before being reduced to nothingness. "Finally it hit me that there was a way of publishing my story on bodies and I just thought that was amazing," she said.

(The Observer)

1. Shelley Jackson…a) has had herself tattooed.b) is sure that the 'words' will never break the contract.c) has published two books so far.

2. Volunteers…a) cannot decide which word will be tattooed on them.b) will never be shown the complete short story.c) who had their faces photographed are as old as the writer.

3. The author…a) decides where the volunteers should have their tattoo.b) claims that she has created a new brand of fiction.c) is sure that the volunteers will all meet at her funeral.

4. The author says that her short story ‘Skin’ …a) deals with fascist ideas.b) was inspired by her everyday life in Brooklyn.c) is very much like The Melancholy of Anatomy.

5. Jackson … a) plays with the idea that there might be a hierarchy in the words of the story.b) wants to display the short story in a picture exhibition.c) was the first artist to create her work in nature.

6. What more appropriate title would the article have?a) Do you want a tattoo?b) Something new to readc) A new brand of fiction - a life sentence

5 lasting for only a short time

CODE NUMBER

Answer Sheet 1

1. Use of English (Planet Mars)

A B C D A B C D0 81 92 103 114 125 136 147 15

2. Reading 1. (The Truth about Caffeine)1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ _______________ _______________4. ________________ 5. ________________ 6. ________________ _______________7. ________________ 8. ________________ _______________

3. Reading 2. (Skin)A B C

123456

For the assessors!

Task 1: Maximum Score: 15 – 3 = 12 Achieved Score: - 3 =Required Minimum:no

Task 2: Maximum Score: 8 x 2 = 16 Achieved Score: x 2 =Required Minimum:

12 pointsTask 3: Maximum Score: 6 x 2 = 12 Achieved Score: x 2 =

Total:

4. Writing

Choose ONE of the topics below and write an argumentative essay of 380-430 words. You will have to include in your essay all the content points and your opinion. You may include arguments (for or against) other than the given ones.You may use a dictionary.Write the final version of your essay on Answer Sheet 2.

I. “All zoos should be closed, as they are old-fashioned in the 21st century.”1. it is cruel to animals to keep them behind bars;

2. safaris are more up to the requirements of our modern age than zoos;

3. endangered species cannot be saved from extinction without zoos;

4. modern zoos are equipped with the facilities which make it possible for animals to feel comfortable;

5. your opinion.

II. “The Internet should be censored.”

1. children should not have access to content that is not meant for them or might pose a potential danger to them

2. people with bad intentions can misuse your personal data;

3. internet is the ultimate tool of free speech and it promotes democracy;

4. you are free to decide what websites you wish to visit;

5. your opinion.

III. “It is old-fashioned to get married.”

1. if two people love each other they do not need a marriage certificate;

2. most people accept that there are many children born out of marriage;

3. to prove that you are serious you have to marry your sweetheart;

4. if parents are married, their children tend to be mentally more stable;

5. your opinion.

CODE NUMBER

Answer Sheet 2

4. Writing

For the assessors!

Maximum score: 40 points Achieved score: Required minimum: 16 points

Key C1

1. Use of English (Planet Mars)

A B C D A B C D0 X 8 X1 X 9 X2 X 10 X3 X 11 X4 X 12 X5 X 13 X6 X 14 X7 X 15 X

2. Reading 1. ( The Truth about Caffeine)

1. vary / differ2. different3. in small doses4. prevent5. new6. cardiovascular problems 7. prescription8. in moderation

3. Reading 2. (Skin)

A B C1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X