TOPIC

ANIMAL FIBRES

Long ago, human beings used leaves, barks of trees and skins of animals to cover their bodies then they learnt the art of weaving and started making cloth. There are two types of the clothes they are

1.natural fibres 2.artificial fibres

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE AND CLOTHESWe wear clothes depending on the climate.In summer we wear loose and light colored cotton clothes. In winter ,we wear thick, dark colored clothes made of wool, fur , or leather. During the rainy season we usually wear cotton clothes.

NATURAL FIBRESSome of our clothes are made from yarn derived from animal fibres . These are a type of natural fibres as they are obtained from nature. certain fibres are not made from natural sources.

VEGETABLE FIBRESThese include cotton the most widely used of all textile fibres,flax,hemp,jute etc.the bas of the vegetable fibres Is cellulose which is the material used by nature as a structural material in the plan world.

flax hemp

ANIMAL FIBRES• These include wool and silk. Wool comes

from mainly from fleece of sheep. We get wool also from goat ,yak, camel and rabbit and silk is produced from silk worms.

WOOL• Wool, common name applied to the soft, curly

fibers obtained chiefly from the fleece of domesticated sheep, and used extensively in textile manufacturing. Wool may be differentiated from hair mainly by the nature of the scales that cover the outer surface of each fiber.

OTHER TYPES OF WOOL• ALPACA ,LLAMA,CAMEL :-these hair yarns

are spun from the fleece o of the animals that are the members of he camel family.

• CASHMERE :- is an extremely soft resilient, and easy to dye fibre.these fibre comes from the cashmere goat.

• ANGORA:- this fibre comes from the angora rabbit.

• MOHAIR :- comes from the angora goat. • YAK WOOL :- is popular in Tibet and ladakh.

WOOL PRODUCING ANIMALS

FROM HAIR TO WOOL• REARING :- sheep are reared mainly for their

wool. They are mainly reared in areas with low rainfall.

• SHEARING:- once a sheep develops a thick coat of hair , it is shave for getting wool. the removal of wool from a sheep is called shearing.

• SCOURING :- the sheared hair is moved through tubs filled with soapy water to remove dust ,dirt and grease.

• SORTING :- sorting consists of separating hair of different textures.

REMOVING BURR :- burrs are soft Fluffy fibres in wool these are removed manually.DYEING :- the natural hair of the sheep is white , brown or black. It is dyed in different colors.MAKING YARN :- next the wool is straightened combed and spun into yarn after spinning the wool is either woven or knitted.

SILK• Silk, fiber produced as a cocoon covering by the

silkworm, and valuable for its use in fine fabrics and textiles. The silkworm, in fact, is not a worm but a caterpillar. Although cocoon coverings of fiber are made by a large number of insects.

Life cycle of silk worm

SERICULTURE• Sericulture, or the raising of silkworms, involves the incubation of the tiny eggs of the silkworm moth until they hatch and become worms

HEALTH CONDITIONS OF WORKERS IN THE SERICULTURE INDUSTRY

Workers employed in almost all processes of the sericulture industry are adversely affected by a number of diseases.

Sorter’s disease: People working in the wool industry sometimes get infected by a bacterium called anthrax. It leads to a fatal blood disease called sorter’s disease.

Respiratory diseases: Inhalation of vapors arising from cocoons undergoing steaming, cooking and reeling produces breathing problems, asthma and other bronchial ailments.Scabies and other skin infections: the first step in reeling is the boiling of cocoons in water to kill the worms.

CHARACTERISTIC

CLOTH

OBSERVATION

Burns or melts

silk woolartificial

burns burns melts

smell silk woolartificial

no strong odourBurning hairCharacteristic odour

THANK YOU

DONE BY:- P.SAI CHARAN