Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Animal reproduction

Parts of flowering

plants

Anchorage

Circulation.

Gas exchange and

waste removal

Food production.

Reproduction.

By the end of this Unit you will: Know the different parts of flowering plants and the

job of each part.

Place a plant into it’s major flowering and non

flowering taxonomic group.

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Lesson 1 :

Curriculum standards : 6.2

Every day millions of living things die.

Organisms do not live for ever.

Why is there still life on Earth? Pic cat

Before most organisms die,

they produce new organisms like themselves.

In many animals a new life

starts when the nucleus of a sperm

(a specialized cell from the father)

Fuses (combines) with the

nucleus of the egg

(a specialized cell from the mother).

We call it Fertilization.

Question:

What do plants have instead of Sperms?

Reproduction is producing young, so that the species continue to exist. . بقاء الاع ف االستمرار و لك نحافظ على االنو ,ج الصغار هو انتا: التكاثر

Fertilization is the fusion of an egg with a sperm to form a zygote

. هو اتحاد بن الحوان المنوي و البوضه النتاج بوضه ملقحة :-األخصاب

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Different animals fertilize their eggs in different ways.

Fertilization in Vertebrates:

External fertilization

Internal fertilization

Fish and Amphibian Birds and reptiles

Mammals

Young Develop inside uterus

young young

Develop in water Develop on land

The female frogs and fish lay thousands of eggs in water, males will

wait for the female frogs and fish to lay the eggs then they will

release the sperms in water.

الحوانات بالقاءتقوم بعد ذلك الذكور , بعد أن تضع أنثى االسماك و الضفادع أالف من البض ف الماء . المنوة ف الماء لتلقح البض

Pic page 111

Pic 120+ 11

Fertilization happens when a sperm and an egg meet by chance.

The mothers do not take care of their young.

و االم ال تقم بالعناة , و التلقح حدث عندما تلتق البوضة و الحوان المنوي عن طرق الصدفه . بصغارها

Internal fertilization: Fertilization happens inside the mother’s body.

. اخصاب حدث داخل داخل جسم األم : األخصاب الداخل

External Fertilization: fertilization takes place outside the body . أخصاب حدث خارج الجسم : الألخصاب الخارج

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Mammals, reptiles and birds have a different, more efficient form

of reproduction: The sperm and egg meet and fuse (combine) inside

the mother’s body.

a. Birds and reptiles lay their eggs on land. The eggs are

covered by hard shells. They contain lots of stored food.

The mothers take care of their young until they can live on

their own.

به من القشرة و حتوي و البض كون مغطى بطبقة صل, الطور و الزواحف تضع بضها ف االرض -. من الطعام المخزن بداخلة على كمة كبرة

. و االم تقوم باالهتمام بصغارها حتى ستطعون االعتماد على أنفسه -

b. Most mammals are different; their young grow in a special organ

inside the mother’s body. We call it a Uterus.

The mother will take care of the young and feed them milk. . الرحممعظم الثدات نمو صغارها ف عضو خاص داخل جسم األم دعى -

. و تقوم االم باالعتناء بصغارها و اعطائهم الحلب –

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Key words:

Reproduction

التكاثر

Fertilization األخصاب

External

fertilization. األخصاب الخارج

Internal

fertilization. األخصاب الداخل

Uterus الرحم

Key ideas: All living things reproduce to have young

that are identical to their parents. جمع الكائنات الحه تتكاثر النتاج الصغار الت تكون مشابهه -

. لوالدها

Fertilization is the fusion (joining) of the

sperm and egg to form a zygote. االخصاب هو اتحاد الحوان المنوي مع البوضه النتاج بوضة -

ملقحه

There are two types of fertilization, one that

happens outside the mother's body we call

it External fertilization and one that happens

inside the mother's body, we call it Internal

Fertilization. احدهم حدث خارج جسم االم و سمى , هناك نوعن من االخصاب -

و سمى االخصاب االخصاب الخارج و االخر حدث داخل جسم االم . الداخل

The mammals have a special organ called the

uterus to keep the young inside the mother’s

body. لالحتفاظ ( الرحم ) الثدات لدها عضو خاص سمى - . بالصغار داخل جسم المرأة

Key Questions:

Define reproduction: عرف التكاثر

…………………………………………………………………

Define Fertilization: عرف االخصاب

…………………………………………………………………

What are the two types of fertilization? عددأنواع االخصاب

…………………………………………………………………

Give an example on each type of fertilization: اذكر مثاال لكل نوع من أنواع االخصاب

………………………………………………………………………..

Define uterus :- عرف الرحم

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Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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It isn’t just animals that are alive!

Plants are alive too.

Curriculum standards : 6.3

Plants reproduce, seeds grow into plants can sense where the light plants get rid of waste.

New plants is. They can grow or move to

Face the light.

Most plants are made of four basic parts: : معظم النباتات تتكون من أربعه أجزاء رئسة

Plants are different from animals

because they can make

their own food (producers).

Each part (organs) of the

flowering plants has one of the

following specific jobs to do:

Anchorage. دعامة النبات

Gas exchange تبادل الغازت

Circulation الدوران

Food production انتاج الغذاء

waste removal ء ازالة الما

Reproduction التكاثر

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Plants take the water and nutrients that are important

for food production from the soil.

Most plants need to live in soil.

Just like the ship’s anchor, the roots hold the plant

in the soil so that they do not come out easily.

We say they anchor plants so that they don’t get moved by wind or

animals.

The larger and taller the plants are the bigger the roots they

will need for anchoring. Different plants have different types of

roots: .جذور كبرة لتثبتها ف التربة كل ما احتاجت الى أن تكون الكل ما ازداد طول و عرض النبته -

. الجذور كل نوع من أنواع النباتات لها نوع مختلف من -

The organ responsible for anchorage in plants

is the root. .العضو المسؤال عن تثبت النبات ف التربة : الجذر

Tip:

In some plants like Carrots food is stored in the roots.

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Plant roots are not just for Anchoring the plants in the soil.

They have another job too.

Main root

Root hair

Roots take in water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.

The water goes through root hairs. We say root hairs absorb the

water and nutrients from the soil.The water and nutrients are then

transported from the root to the plant through special tubes.

: نغج ظفخا اندذة حثبج انباحاث ف انخشبت نا ظف أخش اضا جزس انباحاث -

.اناء ذخم ف شؼشاث انجزس , ايخظاص اناء االيالح ي انخشبت -

ثى حخمم اناء االيالح ي , االيالح ي انخشبت اناءانشؼشاث انجزست انخ حمو بؼهت ايخظاص -

. ػ طشك أابب خاط انخشبت ان انبج

Activity:

In order to show that the water enters the plant

through the roots not the leaves, you can do the following

experiment: Take two plants; put the first plant in water,

with the roots in water. Put the leaves of the second plant in water.

Observe what happens in a few days.

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Once the water has been absorbed by the

Roots, it needs to be transported up to the leaves.How are water

and nutrients transported from the root to the rest of the plant?

اناء خض ػ طشك انجزس نك ذخاج ان اخمان ان االساق

كف خمم اناء االيالح ي انجزس ان اجضاء انباث االخش

Each part of the plant needs to get the water and food. In order to in order to

know how they are transported through the plant you can do the following

experiment:

ذخاج اناء انغزاء نك ؼشف رنك ك ػم ز انخجشبت انباث أجضاءكم جضء ي

Materials: اناد

Celery stick, beaker, red food color, water.

ياء/ن أدش نهطؼاو/طكأ/ فظ كش

Procedure: طرقة العمل

Cut 2.5 cm from the bottom of the celery stick, observe

the tiny holes.

الدع انفخذاث انظغشة انكشفظعى ي لاع عاق 2.5الطغ

Place the celery in the beaker that is filled with colored

water. Observe what happens the next day.

انكأط انهؤ باناء انه الدع يارا ذذد ف انو انخانضغ عاق انكشافظ ف

You will notice that the plant turned red, if you cut the stem you

will notice that the same tiny holes you had seen in the beginning

are filled with red ink. ن لطؼج عاق انباث عف األدشانه إنعخالدع أ انباث حذل

األدشبانه يألثسأخا ف انبذات لذ انظغشة انجحالدع انفخذاث

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Just like the water is transported around in our house through

pipes or tubes. Plants have tiny tubes to transport the water

and food to and from the leaves

In order to see the tiny tubes inside the plants,

scientists cut open the root and the stem

and looked inside them using the microscope:

In the leaf:

The Stem and roots: The long tubes run from one end of the root

and stem to the other cells that are on top of each other.

The plant’s Circulation system is made of two

types of tubes:

:-عملة الدوران ف النبات تتم ف أنبوبن

- Xylem which is: strong and thick tubes

that transport the water and nutrients

from the roots to the leaves.

قوم ةو سمك ةقوي اببعن أن عبارة: الخشب أنابب -

. األوراق إلىمن الجذور األمالحبتوصل الماء و

- Phloem which is: thin tubes that transport

sugar around the plant.

جمع أجزاء إلىعن أنبوب رقق قوم بتوصل السكر عبارة: حاء لال -. النبات

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Leaves come in different shapes, sizes and colors.

. الحجم و االلوان , األوراق تكون مختلفه ف الشكل

Activity (1):

Get a single leaf from a tree and examine

it with a hand lens.

Describe the leaf and make a sketch of what you see.

Make sure to compare between the upper and lower side of the leaf.

microscope

Activity (2)

You will need:

1. single leaf from a tree

2. hot water

3. beaker

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Put a hot water in a beaker, then inter the leaf, observe the

bubbles.

The tiny holes in the leaf are called Stomata.

When the stomata are open, CO2 enters

And O2 and gets out.

- Photosynthesis.

- breathing.

. األكغجغاص خشج غاص ثا أكغذ انكشب ذخم ػذيا فخخ انثغش -

ػهت انباء انضئ -

. ػهت انخفظ -

plants loose extra water from the stomata

To get rid of waste and to keep cool.

ػه انذافظت رنك نهخخهض ي انفضالث , ػ طشك انثغش اناء انضائذ ف انباحاث خى فمذ -

. انبشدة

The stomata are responsible for waste removal in plants.

Stomata are the parts of plant responsible for gas exchange

and waste removal. . عن تبادل الغازات و ازاله الماء النبات المسئولة أجزاء :-الثغر

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Unlike us humans, plants can make their own food.

The process by which green plants make

their food is called:

Photosynthesis is carried out in all the

green parts of plants. (Leaves and stem).

و هذه العمله تتم ف االجزاء الخضراء ف , انتاج الغذاء ف النبات تم عن طرق عملة البناء الضوئ -

. النها تحتوي على صبغه خضراء تدعى الكلوروفل (االوراق و الساق ) النبات

The leaves and stem are green because their cells contain a green

pigment called Chlorophyll. The pigment will trap the light energy

from the sun and make food.

Plants also use Water and

Carbon dioxide to make food.

Water + CO2 + Sunlight Sugar + Oxygen

أكسجن + ضوء الشمس سكر + ثان أكسد الكربون + الماء

Food that is produced in the plant is usually stored in the plant

itself. Some plants store the food in the stem and others in theroot.

بعض النباتات تخزن الغذاء ف الساق و البعض , الغذاء المنتج ف النبات عادة خزن ف النبات نفسه -

. االخر ف الجذر

To test for the presence of food try the following experiment:

Activity:

You will need: One potato, knife, iodine.

What you will do:

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Cut a piece of the potato.

Add two drops of iodine. (The iodine will be blue to black if there is

starch). The main function of the leaf is food production.

The leaf has many characteristics that make it the best place for

,food production: النها تملك عدة صفات مهمه تجعله , الوظفه الرئسة للورقة ه انتاح الغذاء -

:المكان المناسب النتاج الغذاء

1. The leaves are green because the cells on the surface (Palisade

cells) are filled with chloroplasts.

مملوءة بمادة ( خالا البالسده ) األوراق خضراء ألن الخالا الموجوده على السطح ه -

الكلوروبالست

2. The lower part of the leaf contains a lot of pores we called it

Stomata, which allow the CO2 and sunlight to get inside the

leaf.

و الت تسمح بدخول غاز ثان , الجزء السفل من الورقه حتوي على العدد من الثقوب تسمى الثغر -

. أكسد الكربون و أشعه الشمس الى الورقة

3. The leaf has Xylem and Phloem; The Xylem to transport the

water and nutrients, and the phloem to take the produced food

and transport it around the plant.

الخشب لنقل الماء و االمالح و الحاء لنقل الغذاء المنتج الى , و الورقة تحتوي على الخشب و الحاء -

. جمع أجزاء النبات

The green parts of the plant: leaves and

stem are the parts responsible for food

production.

:( األساق انغاق ) االجضاء انخضشاء ف انباث -

. األجضاء انغؤنت ػ اخاج انغزاء ف انباث

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Flowering plants grow from seeds.

Seeds are made by flowers.

Flowers from different plants come in different sizes, colors and

shapes. But they all have the same basic parts.

Flowers have male and female parts. They are either in the same

flower or in different flowers. The following picture shows the main

parts of a flower with male and female parts: ف بعض االحان تكون االجزاء االنثوة و الذكرة . و أجزاء أنثوة الزهرة تحتوي على أجزاء ذكرة

زهره و الذكرة على زهرة موجوده ف نفس الزهرة و هناك أنواع اخرى توجد االجزاء االنثوة على أخرى

. الرسمة التالة توضح االجزاء االنثوة و الذكرة على نفس الزهرة -

Flowers are the parts of plant that are used for reproduction.

. ه العضو المسؤول عن التكاثر ف النبات :-الزهرة

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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To make seeds, pollen grains must travel

from anther to stigma.

. انغى الىالمتك اللقاح من حبوب لتكون البذور البد من انتقال

Some plants use insects to carry the pollen, others the wind and

water.

Once the pollen reaches the stigma, the pollen will meet the

egg (Ovule). The two cells will join together to form the seed.

. الراح أو الماء , تستخدم النباتات عدة طرق لنقل حبوب اللقاح اما عن طرق الحشرات

سوف تلتق حبوب اللقاح بالبوضة و حدث انداج بنهم النتاج ,عندما تصل حبوب اللقاح المسم

البذور

The traveling of pollen from the anther to stigma is called

Pollination

. الى المسم المتك لقاح من لا حبوب ه عملة انتقال :-عملة التلقح

Fertilization is the fusion of the pollen and the egg to form a

new seed .

.هو اندماج حبوب اللقاح و البضة النتاج بذور جددة :-األخصاب

Reproduction in plants = Pollination + Fertilization. .االخصاب + التلقح = التكاثر ف النبات

Grade 6 unit 6L.5 – Animals and Plants

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Key ideas:

The plants are living things that have many

functions. . النباتات كائنات حه لدها العدد من الوظائف -

Different parts of the plant do different jobs,

the main functions of the parts of a flowering

plant are: . أعضاء النبات المختلفه تؤدي وظائف مختلفه -

o Anchorage الجذور تثبت النبات Roots

o Gas Exchange Stomata الثغر تبادل الغازات

o Waste removal لثغرا االخراج Stomata

o Food production Leaf انسل انتاج الغذاء

o Circulation الخشب و اللحاء الدوران Xylem and

Phloem o Reproduction الزهرة التكاثر flower

Key words:

Anchorage دعامة

النبات

Stomata الثغر

Xylem الخشب

Phloem داء لال

Circulation الدوران

Pollination التلقح

Fertilization االخصاب

Project:

Plant the seeds of a

flowering plant,

observe and record the

growth of the plant,

and it's needs for

growth.

Key Questions:

How do plants take in what they need? ؟ كف تأخذ النباتات ما تحتاجه

- Plant leaves are responsible for ………………. . . -----------------أوراق النباتات مسؤله عن -

- The part of the leaf responsible for taking in Oxygen and removing

waste is called: ………………

. -------------جزء الورقة المسؤل عن أخذ غاز االكسجن و التخلص من الفضالت هو -

- The water and minerals a plant needs go into it through ……………. .

They pass in special tubes through the root, stem and leaves, the tubes

are called ……………… and …………… . ثم نتقلون من خالل أنابب خاصة , ---------------ء و االمالح الذي تحتاجه النباتات قوم بامتصاصه الما -

. ------------------و -------------------االنابب تدعى هق و االوراق هذالسا, الجذرمن

- The part of the plant responsible for reproduction is: ………….. . . :---------------------عضو النبات المسؤل عن التكاثر هو -

- Flowering plants are made of 5 essential parts:

……………..,………………,…………………..,…………….,…………….. :-النباتات الزهرة مكونه من خمسة أجزاء رئسة هم -

------------------ ------------------- , -------------------- , -------------- ,-------------- , .