animal tissues and organ systems chapter 20. stem cells undifferentiated cells with potential to...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Animal Tissues and Organ Systems
Chapter 20
![Page 2: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Stem Cells
• Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types– Embryonic stem cells, more
versatile– Adult stem cells, less
versatile
![Page 3: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Body Organization
• Tissue– Group of cells performing same task
• Organ– Two or more tissues performing same task
• Organ system– Two or more organs performing same task
![Page 4: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Tissues
• Groups of cells and intercellular substances
that interact in one or more tasks
• Example: muscle tissue
![Page 5: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Organs
• Group of tissues organized to perform a task or tasks
• Example: Heart is an organ that pumps blood through body
• Heart consists of muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue
![Page 6: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Organ Systems
• Groups of organs that interact physically and/or chemically to perform a common task
• Example: Circulatory system includes heart, arteries, and other vessels that transport blood through the body
![Page 7: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Homeostasis
• Stable operating conditions in the internal environment
• Brought about by coordinated activities of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
![Page 8: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
4 Types of Tissues
• Epithelial tissues
• Connective tissues
• Muscle tissues
• Nervous tissues
![Page 9: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Epithelial Tissues
• Line body surfaces, cavities, ducts, and
tubes
• One free surface faces a body fluid or the
environmentsimplesquamousepithelium
basementmembrane
connective tissue
![Page 10: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
simple epithelium
basement membrane
connective tissue
free surface of epithelium
Epithelium
![Page 11: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Glands
• Secretory organs derived from epithelium
• Exocrine glands have ducts or tubes• Endocrine glands are ductless
![Page 12: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cell Junctions• Tight junctions
prevent leaks • Gap junctions
connect abutting cytoplasms
• Adhering junctions cement cells together
Tight junctions
Adhering junction
Gap junctions
![Page 13: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Connective Tissues
• Most abundant tissues in the body• Fibroblasts secrete – polysaccharide “ground substance” that
surrounds and supports cells– fibers of collagen and/or elastin
![Page 14: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Soft Connective Tissues• Loose connective tissue• Dense, irregular connective tissue• Dense, regular connective tissue
![Page 15: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Specialized Connective Tissues• Cartilage• Bone tissue• Adipose tissue• Blood
![Page 16: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
red blood cell
white blood cell
platelet
Fig. 20-3g, p.342
cells and platelets of blood
![Page 17: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Muscle Tissue
• Cells contract when stimulated• Moves body and specific body parts• 3 types– Skeletal– Cardiac– Smooth
![Page 18: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle
• Attaches to and moves bones
• Long, cylindrical cells• Striated cells • Voluntary control
nucleus
![Page 19: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Smooth Muscle• Located in soft internal
organs and blood vessels • Cells taper at ends• Cells not striated• Not under voluntary control
where abutting cells meet
![Page 20: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cardiac Muscle
• Present only in heart• Cells are branching– ends of cells joined by communication
junctions
• Cells striated• Not under voluntary control
cell nucleus
![Page 21: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nervous Tissue• Detects stimuli, integrates information,
and relays commands for response• Consists of excitable neurons and
supporting neuroglial cells
![Page 22: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Functional zones of a motor neuron
Neurons
![Page 23: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Neurons
• Excitable cells• Stimulus sends electrical impulse along
plasma membrane• Transmits information to other neurons,
muscles or glands
![Page 24: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Neuroglia
• Neuroglial cells make up more than half of nervous tissue
• Protect and support neurons
![Page 25: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
11 Major Organ Systems• Integumentary • Nervous• Muscular• Skeletal• Circulatory• Endocrine• Lymphatic
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Reproductive
![Page 26: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nervous System
Muscular System Skeletal System
Circulatory System
Endocrine System
Fig. 20-6, p.344a1
Integumentary System
11 Major Organ Systems
![Page 27: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Fig. 20-6a2, p.344
11 Major Organ Systems
![Page 28: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
midsagittal plane
transverse planefrontal plane
dorsal surface
ventral surface
anteriorposterior
Fig. 20-6b, p.345
Position References:Animals
![Page 29: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Position References: Humans
frontal plane(aqua)
transverse plane(yellow)
midsagittal plane (green)
![Page 30: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Major Body Cavities
• Cranial cavity
• Spinal cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominal cavity
• Pelvic cavity
![Page 31: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
Fig. 20-6d, p.345
![Page 32: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Primary Tissues
• Three primary tissues in vertebrate embryos give rise to all adult tissues:
EctodermMesodermEndoderm
![Page 33: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Skin: An Organ System
• Epidermis: Stratified epithelium
• Dermis: Dense connective tissues
• Hypodermis: Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue
![Page 34: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
hair
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis(below skin, not part of it)
oil gland
hair follicle
blood vessels
smooth muscle
sweat gland
sensoryneuron
Fig. 20-7a, p.346
![Page 35: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
outermostepidermallayer (alldead cells)
keratinizedcells beingflattened
rapidlydividingcells ofepidermis
dermis
Fig. 20-7b, p.346
![Page 36: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Functions of Human Skin
• Protects body from injury, dehydration, UV radiation, and some pathogens
• Helps control temperature• Receives external stimuli• Involved in vitamin D production
![Page 37: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sun Damages Skin• UV light stimulates melanin production– tans skin
• Tan protects inner layers against UV damage
• UV exposure causes– elastin fibers to clump– skin to age prematurely– skin cancer
![Page 38: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Langerhans Cells
• White blood cells in skin• Attack viruses and bacteria• Stimulate immune system• Are damaged by UV exposure
![Page 39: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20. Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell types – Embryonic stem cells,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c3012550346a34f8b62e3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Epithelial Tissues