annex a – list of institutions and persons consulted...

RSDSC ESA STUDY ARCHAEOLOGY SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT

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ANNEX A – LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND PERSONS CONSULTED

DURING ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY

Institutions:

Department of Antiquities, Jordan (DoAJ)

Israel Antiquities Authority

Palestine Department of Antiquities

American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR)

Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL)

Friends of Archaeology (Jordan)

Individuals:

Dr. Russell Adams (McMaster University)

Dr. Uzi Avner

Dr. Piotr Bienkowski

Prof. Geoffrey Clarke (University of Chicago)

Jihad Darwish (Department of Antiquities Jordan)

Dr. Benjamin Dolinka

Dr. Zbigniew Fiema (University of Helsinki)

Dr. George Findlater (Edinburgh University)

Sausan al-Fakhry (Department of Antiquities Jordan)

Dr. Bill Finlayson (CBRL)

Dr. Tali Gini (Israel Antiquities Authority)

Dr. Joseph A. Greene (Semitic Museum, Harvard University)

Dr. Rafael Greenberg (Tel Aviv University)

Prof. Donald O. Henry (University of Tulsa)

Tawfiq Huneiti (Department of Antiquities Jordan)

Adi Keinan (University College, London)

Dr. Burton MacDonald (Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia)

Sate Masadeh (Department of Antiquities Jordan)

Dr. Carol Palmer (CBRL)

Prof. S. Thomas Parker (North Carolina State University)

Yuval Peleg (Israel Antiquities Authority)

Dr. Stephen Savage (Arizona State University)

Dr. Andrew M. Smith II (Dowling College, Oakdale)

Dr. Chris Tuttle (ACOR)

Dr. Yuval Yekutieli (Ben Gurion University, Beersheba)

Jamal Safi (Department of Antiquities Jordan)


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ANNEX B - ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHANCE FIND PROCEDURES

This annex sets out suggested procedures to be included in the construction

contractors’ environmental management plans.

The Jordanian Antiquities Law states (in article 21) that the state is the owner

of all antiquities in the Kingdom, both immovable and movable and (in article

15a) that any chance finds should be reported to the DoA or Public Security

Centre within ten days (see Section 4). In practice, this is likely to cause delays

and therefore, according to general ideas of best practice, the following system

is proposed.

For the seawater pipeline option a watching brief is suggested, in co-operation

with the Department of Antiquities, whereby two trained archaeologists are

attached to the construction team for the duration of all ground disturbance

activities during construction work. One archaeologist should survey the land

for the presence of sites with the engineering survey team that is laying out

the line, work camp, dump sites and factory site; and one archaeologist should

watch the bulldozers and earth-moving machines when they are actually

cutting the trenches. The reason for watching the trenching is that there is the

possibility of buried sites in many places, and the reason for having a trained

archaeologist is that it is difficult for a lay-person to recognise archaeological

remains.

For the seawater tunnel options and the hydroelectical and desalination plant sites a

watching brief is suggested as above. However, prior to any construction, an

archaeologist has to survey the exact portal and canal work sites, construction

camp sites, dump sites and new access roads and mitigate any sites found, as

set out below. As above, the archaeologists should be watching when any

bulldozers and earth-moving machines are actually disturbing the ground.

The smooth working of a watching brief assumes co-operation between the

archaeologist and the Contractor, who should inform the archaeologist of the

exact area where ground-breaking will take place. This allows the

archaeologist to walk over the land prior to ground disturbance, and again to

watch as the soil is removed down to natural subsoil or bedrock. Additionally,

the machine drivers and other workers involved in soil-distrubing activities

should be asked to stop and report any features that they encounter to the

archaeologist and the resident engineer.

Inspection by competent authorities (such as, in Jordan, the regional Inspector

of Antiquities of the DoAJ) should occur every month to ensure that the

contractor is abiding by the limits set by the archaeologist.


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Procedure upon discovery

The objective of the watching briefs is to record all archaeological features

brought to light through ground disturbance activities.

If any site is located, then work must be suspended in the area affected by the

discovery and, if there is no archaeologist present, it must be reported

immediately to the archaeologist attached to the project and, in all cases to the

resident engineer. Work must be suspended for a distance around the site that

is deemed safe by both the archaeologists (for archaeological reasons) and the

engineers (for technical reasons).

The archaeologist must make a rapid assessement of the site or find to

determine its importance. Based on this assessement the approriate strategy

can be implemented. The Department of Antiquities should be informed

immediately if a site deemed to be significant is found. For significant sites,

avoidance by relocating the project element is always the preferred option, but

if it is not possible to avoid the site and fence off the area then the

archaeologists must be given an agreed amount of time and back-up

personnel to undertake a rescue excavation immediately. Sites of minor

significance (such as isolated or unclear features, and isolated finds) should be

recorded immediately by the archaeologist, thus causing a minimum

disruption to the work schedule of the Contractor. The results of all

archaeological work must be reported to the Department of Antiquities, once

completed.

If an archaeologist is present during all phases of the construction, whether it

is a pipeline, or a construction site, then any sites, or chance finds, will be dealt

with quickly and appropriately, in agreement with the Department of

Antiquities, thus saving both time and money. Additionally, the presence of

an archaeologist on the work site should help to keep the work team informed

about the importance of protecting this valuable resource, and thus diminish

the likelihood of theft of, or damage to sites or objects found.

Example Paragraphs for the Construction Contract

If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall: (a) Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find. (b) Delineate the discovered site or area. (c) Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry take over.


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(d) Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry immediately (less than 24 hours). (e) Contact the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry who would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archeologists of the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage, including the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values. (f) Ensure that decisions on how to handle the finding be taken by the responsible authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry. This could include changes in the layout (such as when the finding is an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage. (g) Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry ; and (h) Construction work will resume only after authorization is given by the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry/department concerning the safeguard of the heritage.


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ANNEX C – ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY MAPS


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Survey - A


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Survey - B


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Survey - C

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