annotating text to deepen understanding doug fisher and nancy frey
TRANSCRIPT
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Annotating Text to Deepen Understanding
Doug Fisher and
Nancy Frey
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Annotation is a note of any form made while
reading text.
“Reading with a pencil.”
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People have been annotating texts since there have been
texts to annotate.
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Annotation is not highlighting.
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Annotation slows down the reader in order to
deepen understanding.
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Middle school student’s annotation of connotative meanings in Charlotte’s Web
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Annotation occurs with
digital and print texts.
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Annotation in PreK-2
• Language experience approach• Interactive writing and shared pen activities
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1 23 4
5
Kemp, L. M. (1996). One peaceful pond: A counting book. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Modeled Annotation in Kindergarten
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Harvey, S., & Goudvis, A. (2007). Strategies That Work: Teaching Comprehension for Understanding and Engagement. Portland, ME: Stenhouse.
Modeled Annotation in Second
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Even young students can annotate.
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Annotations in Grades 3-5• Underline the major points. • Circle keywords or phrases
that are confusing or unknown to you.
• Use a question mark (?) for questions that you have during the reading. Be sure to write your question.
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Using Questioning in Fifth Grade
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Same text, different student, different strategy: Inferring.
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Annotation in Grades 6-8
• Underline the major points. • Circle keywords or phrases that are confusing or
unknown to you.• Use a question mark (?) for questions that you
have during the reading. Be sure to write your question.
• Use an exclamation mark (!) for things that surprise you, and briefly note what it was that caught your attention.
• Draw an arrow ( ) when you make a ↵connection to something inside the text, or to an idea or experience outside the text. Briefly note your connections.
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Modeled annotation in Seventh Grade
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Annotation in Grades 9-12
• Underline the major points. • Circle keywords or phrases that are confusing or
unknown to you.• Use a question mark (?) for questions that you have
during the reading. Be sure to write your question. • Use an exclamation mark (!) for things that surprise you,
and briefly note what it was that caught your attention. • Draw an arrow ( ) ↵ when you make a connection to
something inside the text, or to an idea or experience outside the text. Briefly note your connections.
• Mark EX when the author provides an example.• Numerate arguments, important ideas, or key details
and write words or phrases that restate them.
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Modeling in 9th
Grade English
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Student annotation in 11th grade English
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If you want to teach effective annotation, begin with the purpose.
https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/student-annotated-reading-strategy
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Teach them a notationsystem appropriate for your content area