annual report - international elephant foundationjun 18, 2019 · forest elephant populations....

2018 ANNUALREPORT

VOLUME 12: 2018

Board of Directors

Michael Fouraker,Fort Worth Zoo

President

Barbara Baker, D.V.M., M.B.A.,Pittsburgh Zoo & Int. Cons. Center

President Elect/Treasurer

Tim Morrow,San Antonio Zoo

Vice President/ Secretary

Charlie Gray,African Lion Safari

Past President

Tom AlbertRingling Bros. Center for Elephant Conservation

Brian AuconeDenver Zoo

Frank Carlos CamachoAfricam Safari

Martha FischerSaint Louis Zoo

Daryl HoffmanHouston Zoo

Gary JohnsonThe Preserve

Arne Lawrenz, Dr. med vetDer Grüne Zoo Wuppertal

Randy Rieches San Diego Zoo

Dennis Schmitt, DVM. PhD Reproductive Resources

Harald Schwammer Ph.D. Tiergarten Schoenbrunn

Rob Shumaker Ph.D Indianapolis Zoo

Tom Stalf Columbus Zoological Gardens

Stuart Strahl Chicago Zoological Park

StaffDeborah Olson, Executive Director

Sarah Conley, Conservation Coordinator

The International Elephant Foundation (IEF) is a non-profi t 501(c)(3) corporation of individuals and institutions dedicated to the conservation of African and Asian Elephants worldwide. Founded in 1998 and incorporated in 1999, IEF is an organization working diligently and successfully for the conservation of elephants.

IEF has a proven track record and is an excellent choice to receive funds for the benefi t of elephants. Since 1999, IEF has provided over $5.5 million in direct fi nancial assistance in support of over 150 elephant conservation projects world-wide. Those who donate to the International Elephant Foundation can rest assured that their money is going to support one of our many elephant conservation and research projects. All fi nancial donations to IEF are tax deductible under U.S. law. Any funds that are received specifi ed to support a specifi c conservation activity will be used only for that purpose. In fact, over 85% of all the funds raised by IEF have gone directly to programs. Moreover, no board member receives monies from IEF, rather they all make signifi cant fi nancial contributions.

Mission StatementIEF creates a sustainable future for elephants. We generate and effectively invest resources to support elephant conservation, education, research, and manage-ment programs worldwide. Through our passion, expertise, knowledge, and part-nerships we inspire and engage people to ensure a vibrant future with elephants everywhere.

For more information about the International Elephant Foundation go to:

elephantconservation.orgFacebook.com/InternationalElephantFoundationTwitter.com/ElephantsIEF

We are the catalyst for creating a sustainable future where elephants thrive by linking people and elephants for their mutual long-term benefi t.

Stay Connected

As the International Elephant Foundation continues the journey we began in 1999, I continue to be in awe of the strides we’ve made together to create a sustainable future for elephants. This year we celebrate our twentieth anni-versary supporting elephant conservation and research programs, and we thank those many organizations and individuals who have traveled on this journey with us.

Solidly grounded in our mission and vision, we have focused our support on anti-poaching patrols, natu-ral resource management, habitat protection, human/elephant confl ict and conservation education programs. IEF’s community-based strategies encourage the peaceful co-existence between humans and elephants in meaning-ful efforts that enhance the quality of life for the poor and vulnerable while protecting these majestic animals. Collab-oration with those living with elephants is a key factor in our conservation efforts resulting in a high degree of local “ownership” thereby making the projects more effective and sustainable.

Our Board Members have willingly shared their expertise and fi nancial support to expand the work of our organiza-tion. We recognize their many signifi cant contributions that

are of lasting value to our Foundation and the community of man and beasts. We have been inspired by the number of people who donated this year to support our elephant conservation and research programs. We celebrate when people open their hearts and wallets because they are concerned about the decreasing wildlife populations and habitat. Thank you for living out a commitment to care for our planet Earth. We honor and continue the journey supported by our many partners in the fi eld who believe in a future with elephants and through their innovative and strategic conservation programs share our mission, passion and determination to make meaningful, systemic change.

I have never been more proud to lead this organization into the future and I look forward to this year serving. On behalf of the Board of Directors, we thank each of you for your commitment and the difference that you make. We wish to assure you that your contributions will ensure that IEF’s projects continue to change the lives of elephants, other wildlife and hundreds of thousands of people who share the landscape with elephants. Your support is rec-ognized and appreciated by all.

Letter from the President 3

Michael Fouraker, IEF President

“I have never been more proud to lead this organization into

the future and I look forward to this year serving.”

1. Big Tusker Project: Tsavo East and Tsavo West National Parks, Kenya

2. Boots on the Ground-Ziama: Massif du Ziama classifi ed forest, Republic of Guinea

3. Conservation of Elephants in Key Areas of Murchison Falls Conser-vation Area and Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area: Murchison F alls, Uganda

4. Debunking Critical Assumptions to Improve Forest Elephant Censuses and Monitoring: Ivindo, Gabon

5. Elephant Utilization of the Kai-feng-Zambezi Wildlife Corridor of KAZA TFCA: Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA) on the border be-tween Zambia and Botswana

6. Experimental Test of Elephant De-terrents and Ecological Correlates of Crop Raiding: Rukinga, Kenya

7. Extension of Solar Powered Electric Elephant Fence to Re-duce Human-Elephant Confl ict in Thuma Forest Reserve and Dedza Salina Escarpment: Thuma Forest Reserve, Malawi

8. Logistical Support for the Nsama Community Scout Anti-Poaching Unit for Nsumbu National Park: Nsumbu National Park in Northern Zambia, on the shores of Lake Tanganyika

9. Monitoring and Conservation of Elephant in Volcanoes National Park: Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda

10. Mount Kenya Horse Patrol Team: Mount Kenya National Reserve in Kenya (northern boundary in the center)

11. Protecting Elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda through Conservation Education: Fort Portal, Uganda

12. Reduction of Poisoning of African Elephants: North West Zimbabwe, Southern Africa

13. Support of the Anti-Poaching Teams 9-1 & 9-2 of Northern Rangelands Trust Conservan-cies: Northern Kenya

14. Support to Wildlife Protection Efforts in the Lower Zambezi National Park: Lower Zambezi National Park, Kafue District, Lusaka Province, Zambia

4 IEF’s 2018 Projects Around the World

16

1013

3

11

14

125

7

8

9

4

2

AFRICA

15. Community Based Confl ict Management between Human and Wild Elephant: Chittagong, Bangladesh

16. Developing Strategies to Miti-gate Human Elephant Confl ict using GPS Collars as an Early Warning System: Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia

17. Human-Elephant Confl ict Mitigation through Habitat Improvement and Awareness: South-Western Part of Bhutan in the Samtse District

18. Living with Elephants: Supporting Human-Elephant Coexistence along Jharkhand Bengal-Orissa Migratory Corridor: Mayurjharna Elephant Reserve, India

19. Monitoring Elephants Out-side Protected Areas through a Crowd Sourced Approach: Gudalur Forest Division, centered around the Gudalur town

20. Organizing a Workshop for Stakeholders on Reducing Elephant Casualties along the Siliguri-AlipurDuar Railway Line: Chalsa, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India

21. Reducing Threats and Mitigating Human-Elephant Confl ict in Core Habitat: Cardamom Mountain Landscape, southwest Cambodia

22. Smart Fence for Early Elephant Warning: Prototype Design and Field Implementation: Bhavani Sagar Dam, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve area, India

23. Elephant Response Units (ERUs) in Way Kambas National Park: Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

24. Elephant Response Units (ERU) in Seblat: Bengkulu Province, Sumatra, Indonesia

25. Myanmar Emergency Elephant Response Units (EERUs): Myaing Hay Wun, Yangon, Myanmar

152018

17

25

21

16

2423

22

19

ASIA

IEF 2018 ANNUAL REPORT 5

Success by the Numbers

1999Founded in 1999.

169+Supported over 169 projects since our founding.

1350+IEF supporters in 2018.

28Active in 28 countries, across 4 continents.

12,000+Followers across all social media platforms.

Over 95,723Number of Asian and African elephants protected in habitats directly affected by project activities

318,129.789 km2

of Habitat Protected

115,693Patrol Days

1201 SnaresRemoved

16 Poachers Caught & Arrests Made

459 Educational Opportunities

750,635+People Served

Massif du Ziama classifi ed forest,Republic of Guinea

8 Anti-Poaching & Patrols: Project Summaries

This project focuses on the Ziama Massif Forest which contains

the last remaining population of forest elephants in Guinea and is

therefore considered a priority site for forest elephants in West Africa.

The Ziama Massif Forest is a remote and vital tropical ecosystem

in the mountainous highlands of southeastern Guinea and extends

across the border to Liberia. As an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve,

it is renowned for its incredibly high levels of biodiversity with more

than 1,300 species of plants and more than 500 animal species.

It also boasts pristine and dense primary and secondary mountain

forest and it is home to a great number of Africa’s threatened

mammal species, including chimpanzees. Guinea is also the source

of 22 West African rivers, including the Niger, Gambia, and Senegal

Rivers. Protecting the forests that act as watersheds for these rivers

is crucial for the health of wildlife and humans alike across the region.

on the Ground: ZiamaBoots

The Ziama Massif Forest, and the wildlife which benefi ts from and sustains this important ecosystem, is under threat. Agriculture has begun to encroach upon the area, replacing pristine ecologically rich forest landscapes with farmland, palm oil plantations and livestock farming. Habitat destruction in the form of forest clearing for agricultural and timber extraction, together with the ever-present threat of poaching that often accompanies these activities, threatens the survival of both the forest and the elephants that call it home.

The rate of decline of forest elephants is devastating: over 60% of all forest elephants were lost in less than a decade between 2002 to 2011 and their numbers continue to plummet. A census in 2005 revealed that at best only 200 forest elephants remained in the Ziama Massif Forest and are ecologically isolated from other forest elephant populations. These elephants play a vital role in forest management and maintenance dispersing seeds over much larger distances than any other verte-brate dispersers; moving over 80% of seeds over 1km from the parent tree and consistently moving seeds over

5km. The extinction of forest elephants would therefore negatively impact the habitat across Central and West Africa.

The eco-guards on the ground are the elephants’ last hope of survival. Only 30 game rangers have been identifi ed as capable of protecting the elephants in the region. These rangers are underfunded and insuffi ciently equipped to be able to carry out their duties properly and safely. Since we cannot expect game rangers and eco-guards to fulfi ll their vital role without proper equip-ment, this project provided uniforms and equipment so that they could carry out their anti-poaching duties more effectively and safely. However, it is more than just provid-ing eco-guards with equipment to carry out their duties. It is also about reminding the eco-guards that they are vital to the survival of the forest and all wildlife that inhabits it, and that they are not forgotten in the world’s desire to protect wildlife. We are committed to making sure that these crucial men and women feel valued, maintain morale and self-worth which will result in loyalty to the protection of the forest elephant.



New Ranger Posts Under Construction

Two ranger posts, Waiga Ranger Post and Rabongo Hills Ranger Post, are currently under construction in Murchi-son Falls Protected Area (MFPA), both in-part fi nanced by the International Elephant Foundation with our partners Utah’s Hogle Zoo and Riverbanks Zoo and Garden.

The highest priority threat to wildlife in MFCA is poach-ing of many species of wildlife including lion, hippo and pangolin and subsequently traffi cking these species and their derivatives through the park and into commercial distribution. Ranger presence and their ability to combat poaching is dependent on the number and location of ranger posts allowing for rangers to be at the right place at the right time. Increasing the number of ranger posts and building posts in areas where there is only limited or no ranger presence will increase the effectiveness of rangers to protect wildlife and apprehend poachers and contraband.

As is the nature of protecting key habitats in regions with no access or infrastructure, simple roads must fi rst be cut to the construction site. The vehicle track to Rabongo Hills Ranger Post is 7km and 13 km had to be cleared and graded to the Waiga Ranger Post. Fortuitously an agreement had been made with the road con-tractors building the Masindi/Paraa road to send their graders and some loads of stone and hard core to ensure the track was improved for longer term use, all at no cost to the project. Even with a graded track, access to these remote sites is diffi cult and when driving in trucks of bricks, sand, water and stone – many vehicles get stuck, especially during the rainy season.

The Waiga and Rabongo Hills Ranger Posts will be completed and fully operational by the beginning of April 2019. Both are incredibly stra-tegically important to MFPA as they provide the long-term capacity for management to regain control of 500km of park lands. Both will have 20,000-gallon water tanks added, solar power and digital radios. Rabongo Hills Ranger Post also has the mandate of protecting the digital radio tower and repeaters allowing for secure communications throughout the protected area.

Conservation of Elephants in Key Areas Murchison Falls Conservation Area & Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area

One of the main objectives of the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA) is to establish wildlife connectivity throughout its protected landscape, yet in the face of ongoing habitat loss through illegal land clearing and logging, the Zambian component of KAZA TFCA is irreversibly losing its capacity to provide functional wildlife movement corridors, which will provide lifetime benefi ts for wildlife. Dr. Kerryn Carter of Elephant Connection’s long-term monitoring program for elephants seeks to identify locations where conservation action is needed to secure elephant habitats, and provide information to guide conservation planning and action to secure legally protected movement corridors. Such corridors will serve to restore landscape connectivity between protected areas within the central KAZA area to enable wildlife free movement between member countries, thereby alleviating the impacts of habitat loss, poaching and climate change on otherwise isolated wildlife populations.

Recently Dr. Carter has been conducting ground investigations to substantiate community reports of wet season elephant movements within the Zambezi-Chobe fl oodplain Wildlife Dispersal Area of KAZA TFCA. This information is needed to supplement movement data generated by the 7 elephants collared in the northern and southern Zambian sections of the Wildlife Dispersal Area (WDA) in 2018. Elephants tend to increase movements during the wet season when water is widely available, therefore this is the most likely time that elephants may attempt to move through the WDA. Dr. Carter was able to identify a number of elephant herds that had been active in Zambia’s southern section of the WDA, with one group of 3 elephants moving 40 kilometers from the Zambezi River northwards into this corridor towards Kafue National Park. However, she was unable to confi rm whether any elephants moved the entire length of the corridor. In other areas of the WDA, elephants showed regular river crossings from adjacent countries of Zimbabwe/Botswana into Zambia, but did not move

very far northwards into the WDA, seemingly preferring to remain within 5 or 10 km of the Zambezi River.

Another important aspect of this project is the expansion of the poliwire electric fencing system technology developed by Dr. Carter into Botswana which is moving forward in collaboration with Elephants Without Borders. Poliwire electric fences are lightweight, solar-powered electric fences used to deter crop-raiding.

The poliwire material is strong enough to carry a current but unsuitable for snares, ensuring that the fences will stay in place and not be stolen. Earlier in the year, three community meetings were held in the Chobe West area, which generated excitement from farmers. In addition, over 20 subsistence farmers visited a demonstration plot and showed great interest as that plot successfully harvested maize and sorghum with zero elephant crop-raiding. To date, seven individual consultations requested by farmers have been conducted whereby farm assessments and recommendations for equipment specifi cations have been provided. The farmer at Kavimba village that installed his poliwire electric fencing system last year has had a successful harvest and is very pleased with the results so he has taken a long-term approach by already upgrading his solar panel and increasing his battery size. He has had one of his most successful crops in that fi eld thus far in the time he has been farming. We very much hope his passion and success will spread in the area, and slowly but surely word will get out to other farmers about his success. We very much hope next season will be more successful for the farmers and more fences will be installed.


Elephant Utilizationof the Zambezi-Chobe Floodplain Wildlife Dispersal Area, Zambia


Elephant Response Units (ERUs) in Way Kambas National Park in Sumatra

2018 saw the establishment of a 4th ERU unit at Brajo Harjosari, addressing an HEC hot spot. Since operations began there has been a decline in HEC incidents of approximately 70-80%, and a decline of crop loss by ~90%. This unit joins the units of Tegal Yoso, Margahayu, and Bungur in helping to keep the largest connecting breeding population of critically endangered Sumatran elephants safely inside the protected areas.

Elephant Response Units (ERU) in Seblat in Sumatra

Through elephant-back patrols twice a month for 7 days each, the ERU units protected nearly 15,000 hectares of habitat from encroachments, illegal clearing, and wildlife crime. They found and removed 65 snares and 6 bird traps.

Myanmar Emergency Elephant Response Units (EERUs)

Based on the successful Elephant Response Unit model in Sumatra, the EERUs in Myanmar are continuing to patrol forest regions and reducing wildlife crime. The EERUs have been key players in catching numerous poachers, garnering international acclaim for the program.

Big Tusker Project

With a total of 101,262 kilometers over 863 hours of fl ight above the Tsavo Conservation Area in 2018, many areas, particularly poaching ‘Hot Spot’ zones and areas where the known large ‘Tuskers’ frequent, have been regularly covered. This aerial surveillance equates to 18 fl ights between London and New York. The ongoing aerial and ground team presence is a deterrent to poaching and other illegal activity within the region and helps protect the Big Tuskers and Iconic Cows.

Mount Kenya Horse Patrol Team

The team conducted 62 horseback patrols, 61 foot patrols, and 8 vehicle patrols, covering over 1500 kilometers. On those patrols they destroyed 26 snares, evicted 85 illegal domestics, found 23 illegal logging sites, and helped fi ght fi res spanning 1500 hectares.

Support of the Anti-Poaching Teams 9-1 & 9-2 of Northern Rangelands Trust Conservancies

Due to the efforts of the joint anti-poaching teams, 2018 saw the reduction of the Proportion of Illegally Killed Elephants (PIKE) reduced from 56% in 2016 to 38%. There was also a 56% increase in conser-vation-linked tourism revenue over the same time period, fostering community strength and commit-ment to conservation efforts.

Support to Wildlife Protection Efforts in the Lower Zambezi National Park

Luangwa based anti-poaching teams conducted 24 patrols 10-15 days in length which contributed to increased security for the habitat. In 2018 there was a 158% increase in the number of suspects apprehended and number of illegal wildlife products confi scated.

Logistical Support for the Nsama Community Scout Anti-poaching Unit for Nsumbu National Park

Patrols in the region increased by 65%, with a 100% increase in patrol coverage. 60 rangers were supported with training and supplies, and helped secure two convictions for elephant poaching. Due to the increased security wildlife is showing signs of recovery, with more frequent sightings, including elephant sightings in Kaputa and Tondwa Game Management Areas areas where elephants were virtually unseen for decades.

Reduction of Poisoning of African Elephants in Southern Africa

By developing toxicological testing laboratory ca-pacity in Victoria Falls, the prosecution and convic-tion of poachers who bait water sources, salt licks and food with poison was aided. Weekly wildlife conservation education sessions and interaction opportunities with wildlife ambassador animals to students and teachers was also provided.


Roads and railways are a major cause of habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation and are abundant in most landscapes around the world. Worldwide, there are already an estimated 750 million vehicles traveling on approxi-mately 50 million kilometers of public road and the road networks and traffi c volumes are still increasing. Highways and railways are also the cause of numerous wildlife mor-talities from large-bodied species like elephants to smaller creatures like frogs as well as human injuries and death. Given the magnitude of animal road–kills and the occur-rence of human fatalities, there has been much attention paid to mitigating wildlife road-kills through the appropriate

design of roadways in many developed countries. In contrast, only limited attention has been paid to wildlife–train collisions.

India is the home to the largest population of Asian el-ephants in the world with approximately 26000-29000 individuals. The quality and quantity of the remaining forests and migratory corridors continues to decline and Asian elephants are forced to travel further in the search for food. The issue of the increasing number of elephant deaths from railway accidents across the country has engaged the attention of the government, conservationists and scientists.

14 Education & Workshops: Project Summaries

REDUCING Elephant Casualties Along the Siliguri-Alipur Duar RailwayLine with Engineering Solutions

Protecting Elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda through Conservation Education

Project leaders introduced elephant conservation into the curriculum of 16 schools, gave support to local Wildlife Clubs, and brought park rangers from the Uganda Wildlife Authority to give talks to the schools and community. This project also facilitated the fi rst ever Elephant Pride Day in the region, creating awareness and providing education to 330 children and over 1,500 people from 9 villages.

India’s railway system is the fourth-largest in the world and serves millions of people with a network that spans the entire country. The impact on wildlife habitat and movement is widespread, but is partic-ularly severe along the

Siliguri-Alipur Duar segment and to a lesser extent along railway lines in Uttarakhand (particularly that portion that traverses Rajaji National Park) and Assam.

A stakeholders workshop was planned at the request of IEF and as a result of the recently concluded study ti-tled “A Survey of elephant corridors /traditional elephant movement paths across railway tracks in northern West Bengal, India, to address the conservation issue of avoid-able elephant deaths in train accidents”. The Asian Nature Conservation Foundation (ANCF), which conducted the study funded by IEF had identifi ed specifi c locations along the railway line where elephant casualties were particularly frequent and severe. IEF suggested a workshop and inviting community stakeholders, government offi cials,

conservationists and representatives of the three railway zones to discuss means of prevention and possible solu-tions for wildlife-train collisions.

The workshop was conducted over three days and includ-ed site visits along the Siliguri-Alipur Duar Railway line. The broad objective was to look at the technical feasibility of engineering solutions to reduce elephant casualties in the identifi ed hotspots, fi nancial viability and social impact. We are hopeful that this workshop will inspire positive policy decisions in the near future.


Sili i Ali D d l

16 Human-Elephant Co-Existence: Project Summaries

Experimental Test of Elephant Deterrents & Ecological Correlates of Crop Raiding

Kasigau Wildlife Corridor, Kenya

Article by: Lynn Von Hagen, Mwangi Githiru, Simon Kasaine, Bernard Amakobe, Urbanus Mutwiwa, and Bruce A. Schulte

Photo credit: Lynn Von Hagen

Human encroachment and agricultural development have compressed and

fragmented the ranges for African elephants. Negative encounters with people

result in human elephant confl ict (HEC) with consequences that represent the

major conservation needs of this three-year IEF supported project:

(1) Crop raiding is the major form of HEC, and losses to

elephants can severely infl uence livelihoods. Thus, there is a great need to identify sustainable and affordable means to reduce crop raiding by elephants. Farmers would benefi t from means of deterring elephants that approach their crops and being warned of elephants at a distance heading in the direction of their fi elds.

(2) People’s poor attitudes towards elephants reduce the ef-

fectiveness of conservation initiatives and practices, ultimately

resulting in a decline in elephant populations. People often attribute crop raiding to any elephants in the area, but it is possible only particular individuals are the culprits and other species may also be to blame. Many bull elephants we catalogued in the project area have one or more large scars, likely the result of negative en-counters with the local people. By determining which elephants and what other species crop raid, we can target solutions and enhance human attitudes towards elephants in general.

(3) Elephant presence in confi ned areas or recovering eco-

systems can result in extensive damage to canopy trees. Bark striping that results in girdling a tree can lead to mortality. These trees provide habitat (e.g., nesting sites) and cover for other spe-cies. In addition, humans use these trees as a resource for lumber, medicinal products, food, and fuel. Thus, there is a need to main-tain these trees in the habitat for elephants, wildlife, and humans. Furthermore, we are determining how the timing and extent of tree use by elephants relates to the probability of crop raiding.

(4) Elephant activities can facilitate biodiversity and enhance

ecosystem services. However, elephants confi ned by human presence or enclosed by fences can overuse a particular habitat resulting in a loss of biodiversity. Elephants and their activities can facilitate enhanced biodiversity but not all species are favored by elephant presence. Thus, highly mobile yet easy to locate species such as larger mammals and predatory birds may be indicators of elephant absence or presence and potentially signal temporal shifts in crop raiding rates as well as elucidating the broader infl uence of elephants on local biodiversity.

(5) Crop raiding by elephants needs to be considered in

perspective of overall crop yield. Previous studies have shown that farmers will attribute crop losses to elephants even when ele-phants are not the primary reason for crop loss. In order to improve human livelihoods, we need to know the relative importance of various factors on crop survival as well as have good data on the overall prevalence of elephant crop raiding.



We are testing deterrent fences to reduce elephant intru-sion into crop fi elds with a third and fourth trial. We have demonstrated that the new metallic strip fences (Kasaine fence) singly and in combination have a statistically signif-icant deterrent effect. We now hope to determine if and when habituation to this method occurs, test different iterations and applications of the fence, and in the near future test early warning devices which alert farmers to elephant presence. In addition, this year we are planning to erect three more beehive fences in the community for testing in comparison to other deterrents. Our ability to use beehive fences depends on our success at establishing viable hives. We should see a direct benefi t to elephants by reducing confl ict with local farmers while collecting data that will inform us about deterrent methods that are worth trying on a broader geographic scale.

We are also creating an elephant identifi cation database and using photographic trap cameras to identify elephants that crop raid our experimental plots. We are making visits to the local primary school to facilitate a good relationship with the local community. As part of the larger project, Wildlife Works conducts surveys with people in villages in the study area to examine their attitudes on wildlife, ele-phant conservation, and sustainable practices to maintain a viable livelihood. We plan to compare these perceptions of crop raiding to our study data, which could give insight as to the level of misperception of elephants as the only or predominant threat to sustainable livelihoods.

Assessing damage caused by elephants to tree species in the study area is also critical. As all 240 elephant-fa-vored trees were located and tagged in the fi rst year of the project, we plan to perform follow-up inspections for tree

damage with the intention to revisit each tree. We will use this information to assess the timing and degree of dam-age relative to crop raiding. We will test the hypothesis that escalating tree damage could be used as an indicator of impending crop raiding. The alternative hypothesis is that higher tree damage refl ects the preference for browse over crops by elephants (especially in light of the higher costs of raiding when crops are protected). In the future, we will wrap some trees of value with wire to determine if this wrapping reduces tree mortality from elephants (such mortality is primarily the result of bark stripping).

For the entire study to date, we have monitored all species entering farms and/or damaging crops. From the onset of the trials, it was observed that elands were commonly present and doing damage in experimental fi elds. Analy-sis from the fi rst three trials demonstrated that elands were frequent visitors in two of the tree trials, sometimes as often as elephants. However, elephants did considerably more damage. Though deterrents were designed to pre-vent elephants from entering, analysis also revealed that all active deterrents (except acacia) were effective against elands, despite their amazing jumping prowess. As elands are renowned for their “skittishness,” this suggests that the movement of these barriers in the wind may be effective in preventing crop damage by elands. However, unprotected farms may incur signifi cant damage from elands, which could be misattributed to elephants. Since farmers have erected home-made wind socks long before our study, we can capitalize on knowledge of indigenous people, experimentally evaluate their means of deterrence, and add viable deterrent methods to the catalog of defenses against crop raiding.

Elephant damage to farms usually consists of a combina-tion of dung deposition, trampling, and consumption, yet through year two of our study, we still found no elephant dung in the experimental fi elds. Consumption was re-sponsible for the majority of crop mortality from elephants, but farmers only lost 5% of their overall yield because of elephant raids. Maize is widely known as one of the pre-ferred crops by elephants, but of the three crops planted within our experiment 27% of cowpeas were damaged, while only 7% of lentils and 6% of maize were destroyed by elephants in our experimental fi elds. This indicates that cowpeas may need to be defended to a greater extent than other crops, and future studies could determine if this crop acts as attractant for elephants.

Monitoring Elephants Outside Protected Areas Through a Crowd Sourced Approach

To help reduce confl ict and crop-raiding behavior, the “Jumbo Radar”, an app is in development to alert locals to potential elephant threats. They also profi led numerous individual elephants with the hope that knowing and understanding an ele-phant as an individual will foster tolerance within the community.

Community Based Confl ict Management Between Human and Wild Elephant

Surveying the effectiveness of existing confl ict mitigation techniques was used to develop a community-based confl ict management system. This project also organized community training and education sessions on how to coexist with elephants.

Human-Elephant Confl ict Mitigation Through Habitat Improvement and Awareness

This project’s two-pronged approach to HEC fi rst recruited and trained additional Quick Response Team members for the Samtse Forest Division, then helped improve existing elephant habitat through creation of salt licks and planting bamboo and grasses to increase forage. They also conducted community awareness sessions in local schools.

Developing Strategies to Mitigate Human Elephant Confl ict Using GPS col-lars as an Early Warning System in Aceh

Two elephants were fi tted with GPS collars to determine home ranges and habitat use patterns to help determine the best human-elephant confl ict mitigation techniques for the region.

Smart Fence for Early Elephant Warning: Prototype Design and Field Implementation

A successfully designed and trialed, a “Smart Fence” provides early warning alerts when wildlife is in the region, creating a technological barrier between confl ict-prone elephant populations and affected communities.


The Cardamom Mountains Landscape is a global priority area for Asian elephant conservation. It represents the only contiguous landscape in Indochina large enough to sustain a viable Asian elephant population in the long term. Since 2015, all of the Cardamom Mountains forests in which the resident elephants live have been legally classifi ed as protected areas. In order to ensure effective conservation of elephants and the forests on which they depend, these protected areas must be well managed. However, the government lacks the necessary capacity.

Cambodia has one of the highest rates of recent defor-estation, and increasing pressure is being placed on re-maining elephant habitats. With increasing habitat loss and fragmentation, human-elephant confl ict (HEC) is expected to rise, and we are now witnessing emerging HEC issues in areas where previously there were none. Authorities need support to respond to, mitigate, and prevent HEC in order to promote successful human-elephant coexistence and prevent retaliatory killings.

Consequently, the Ministry of Environment (MoE) request-ed support to zone and demarcate the protected areas as a key fi rst step for effective management. IEF is supporting project partners to improve legal land protections through improved and expanded zonation of critical elephant hab-itat, some of which lacks clear legal boundaries. A series of village level meetings have occurred where local com-

munities and government protected area management staff have been consulted in order to further delineate core elephant areas, key HEC areas, and current and planned development infrastructures. This information has been cross-referenced with wildlife monitoring data in order to produce detailed and geographically accurate proposed zoning for the current protected area network of the Cardamom Mountains Landscape. The zoning effort was further supported by a series of helicopter fl y-overs which enabled high resolution aerial images to be collected. Village, commune, district and national level leaders were invited to join in many of these overfl ights in order to enhance their familiarity with the proposed areas and related threats, and to obtain their approval for the proposed zoning.

REDUCING THREATS& Mitigating Human-Elephant Confl ict in Core Habitat: Cardamom Mountain Landscape, Southwest Cambodia


Working with communities and government, agreements were made regarding boundaries, and 480 demarcation posts are being installed along a 70-kilometer-long bound-ary in order to reduce further land encroachment and habitat destruction, giving local residents and authorities a clear physical boundary of where land clearing must stop.

Demonstrating the effectiveness of our multi-year support of this critical Asian elephant habitat, in late 2018, a group of elephants raided banana and coconut plantations and

destroyed one cottage in Southern Kirirom. While villagers successfully chased the elephants away using techniques they learned through training provided by this project, a fl eeing juvenile elephant fell into a well shaft. The villag-ers could have easily killed the vulnerable elephant, but instead they tried to help it get out of the shaft with the as-sistance of its mother. Villagers reported that awareness of existing legislation and the confi dence they gained through the project in mitigating confl ict prevented them from killing this elephant.

Living with Elephants: Supporting Human-Elephant Coexistence along Jharkhand- Bengal-Orissa Migratory Corridor

Due to efforts of the Anti-Depredation Squad to mitigate HEC and teach alternative methods to prevent crop-raiding, there was zero retaliatory kill-ings of elephants in 2018. More than 50,000 stake-holders and community members were reached with elephant conservation messaging.

Queen Elizabeth National Park Aerial Survey 2018

Partnering with the Uganda Wildlife Authori-ty, Uganda Conservation Foundation, Save the Elephants, Global Conservation, and Vulcan Inc, IEF helped support a baseline aerial survey of the Queen Elizabeth National Park and the adjacent Kyambura and Kigezi Wildlife Reserves to deter-mine population numbers and distribution of wildlife as well as anthropogenic variables. This survey used an innovative systematic reconnaissance fl ight method which generates more accurate esti-mates than previously relied upon methods.

Extension of Solar Powered Electric Elephant Fence to Reduce Human-elephant Confl ict in Thuma Forest Reserve and Dedza Salina Escarpment

An additional 15 kilometers of solar-powered electric fence was built to stop crop-raiding activities and prevent human-elephant confl ict, connecting to the 67.5 kilometers of fencing already in place.


Asian and African elephants are susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium tubercu-losis (M. tb), a primary causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Because of its zoonotic potential, TB monitoring and treatment of elephants under human care is important, but current practices are far from ideal. Diagnostic tests adapted from other species are generally not effective in elephants, and many of the techniques used are impractical for use in range countries. A better under-standing of the elephant immune response to exposure and primary infection, conver-sion from latent to active infection, and response to available treatments would be benefi cial to managing this disease and minimizing its spread.

To better manage TB in elephants, we urgently need a better understanding of immune processes associated with disease development, more sensitive tools for detecting latent infection, research into some of the potential triggers of disease activation, and improved techniques for assessing treatment effi cacy in this IEF funded project. For this research we set out to measure proteins indicative of immune function (acute phase pro-teins, cytokines, and cortisol) to determine whether we can detect the host response to infection and disease activa-tion/progression. Acute phase proteins are useful markers of acute and chronic infl ammatory processes in elephants, but until now, typically have been measured in single samples as a snap shot of the immune response to other

pathologies. This is the fi rst time they have been used to investigate TB, and we measured two APPs, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, from prior to initial infection with M. tb, through disease activation and treatment in 4 individuals (over 5-years in one individual). This time-frame meant that we observed changes in concentrations in response to other clinical pathologies that occurred during that period, but also saw increases that could be related to changes in TB status.

The methods currently available to detect cytokines do not appear sen-sitive enough to detect sub-clinical TB infection, so no differences were detected across the study period. Additionally, although cortisol has been shown to increase during other pathologies and towards end of life in some cases, we did not see associated increases here. Instead we detected variability that is refl ec-tive of a normal adaptive response to life changes and challenges.

22 Research & Welfare: Project Summaries

INVESTIGATING Immune Biomarkers During the Progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infectionby Katie L. Edwards, Ph.D.

Debunking Critical Assumptions to Improve Forest Elephant Censuses and Monitoring

Researchers helped to manage and protect forest elephants by improving dung census methods via a refi ned genetics panel to determine elephant iden-tity and a new dung degradation model to improve estimates of population. This work will help provide park managers with tools to better estimate and manage their elephant populations.

Monitoring and Conservation of Elephant in Volcanoes National Park

The project documented elephants home range use and the extent of their crop raiding to de-termine space-use patterns and aid in making informed management decisions and planning mitigation measures to human- elephant confl ict for neighboring communities. Conservation education and awareness campaigns were also employed to empower those communities.

Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Genomics and Pathogenesis

Affecting 1 in 4 baby elephants, both in human care and in the wild, EEHV is a threat to elephant survival. The work of Dr. Gary Hayward at Johns Hopkins University has served as the foundation for most research into this insidious disease. Dr. Hayward continued to explore the genome of multi-ple strains of EEHV, its origin, and how it functions. This year he extended the total number of com-pletely sequenced genomes from three to nine.

Although APP tests are non-specifi c (i.e. they indicate im-mune activation rather than M. tb itself) and so we cannot be certain that elevations in APPs around times of positive serology and trunk wash tests are refl ective of the immune response to M. tb, this study has revealed some insight that we can now explore further. As we continue to refi ne techniques for detecting both the M. tb bacteria itself, as well as the host immune response to infection, these bio-markers could be a useful method for screening individuals for immune activation to a range of clinical pathologies, and could be an early indicator of underlying illness even when visible signs are not apparent.


TUSKER

$25,000 and above

America’s Best Local Charities*Denver Zoological FoundationFeld EntertainmentLindsay MicklesPittsburgh Zoo & PPG AquariumSan Antonio Zoological SocietySt. Louis ZooUtah Zoological Society

MATRIARCH

$10,000 - $24,999

Africams SafariChicago Zoological SocietyColumbus ZooFort Worth ZooFossil Rim Wildlife CenterHouston Zoo Indianapolis ZooKansas City ZooPeter Walker and

Naomi Grobstein FundPoint Defi ance Zoo and AquariumSeneca Park ZooShowMe TigersVienna ZooWoburn ZooZoological Association of AmericaZoological Society of San Diego

GUARDIAN

$5,000 - $9,999

African Lion SafariAsian Elephant SupportAyudar FoundationCincinnati Zoo & Botanical GardenDallas ZooDrunk Elephant, LLCGreaterGood.orgHave Trunk Will TravelLittle Rock ZooMiami MetrozooMr. and Mrs. GuzikowskiOmaha’s Henry Doorly ZooRhode Island Zoological SocietyRiverbanks ZooSanta Barbara Zoological SocietyTrunks & Humps, IncWhite OakWuppertal Zoo

BENEFACTOR

$1,000 - $4,999

Anita Brewer SiljeholmBrittany Weinert Buffalo Zoo Caldwell ZooCameron Park Zoo & Botanical SocietyCascade Public Media KCTS 9Christian LindseyDivinity LA IncElephant Managers Assoc.Essex County Community FoundationFacebookFriends of the Baton Rouge ZooGraham of Sydney, AustraliaJack LadueJennifer Woods Tierney and FamilyJody Press HellmanJohn LloydJonathon RezvaniKim BlakeLouisville ZooMaryland Zoological SocietyOuwehands DierenparkPaul CashmanRosamond Gifford Zoo at Burnet ParkRyan HummelSmithsonian InstitutionValley Zoo DevelopmentSocietyWildlife SafariZoo de GranbyZoological Society of Milwaukee County

The International Elephant Foundation would like to extend our gratitude to the following individuals and organizations for their contributions in 2018. Your donations help us ensure the continued survival of African and Asian elephants in both the wild and in human care for generations to come.

Thank Youfor your Support

24 2018 Donors

STEWARD

$500 - $999Amazon SmileAndrea HenkeAudubon ZooCampus CollectionCeleste CooperChet GoldsteinCustom Ink FundraisingDanielle WalshDavid and Cassidy AvaloDavid FrenchDavid Hoy Elementary

SchoolDianne WeisselbergDr. and Mrs Vinay JainEllie Sherrard-SmithGail HiebertGreenville Zoo AAZKHannah WalshHallie GrayJeff & Anna LittleJeff BriscoeLloyd Wilkiel JrLoreen WilliamsMargaret FalkMedtronicMichael & JoAnn HammMichael ConnollyMichael ScalzoMike KeeleNew Civilization FoundationNicole CasslerOklahoma City ZooPaypal Giving FundPeter & Dianna AbbrechtReid Park Zoo’s

Teen VolunteersRenee ConwayRichard FaberRob MaroonRobert & Roni Lemle

Family FoundationRobert HalemSarah AielloShane LundbergTerry WarrenThe Standard Thomas StumpfTrese PatchellTwin Cities Public TelevisionUwe HaeggWakened Apparel

RANGER

$1 - $499 Aaron JohnsonAdam KaplanAdam PetersonAdam Sheffi eldAdam YoungerAdemar ToroAdith Sudhakar Adrian AvilaAdrian LewisAl McClain

Alan KielleyAlec ScharffAleem JethaAlex PestellAlex RavenscroftAlexa HardkeAlexandra FedieAlexandra HeddenAlexandrine LevasseurAlicia DouglasAlicia FollmerAlicia MarieAlicia OlmoAlida AldrichAlina Haebin SinAlisha ChaudhryAlison BabinAlison GoddardAlison LeMasterAlix McCroryAllie GoffeAllie VidlinAllison LD FayAllison TanakaAlonso PerezAlyshia BuchholzAlyshia RodriguezAlyssa AnneAlyssa FisherAlyssa LebowitzAmaar NazaraniAmanda AyalaAmanda GregoryAmanda HillAmanda Key-WynneAmanda RaineAmber GiddingsAmber ZacharyAmelia DevanyAmy BarnettAmy MatthewsAmy SharmaAmy St. LawrenceAndea ZaferesAndre FurerAndrea AlfaroAndrea HuberAndrea SennettAndrea TiffanyAndy SplettAngel OronaAngela MorrisAngelica OrtegaAngie Lunardi LeintzAngus LathamAnimals AnonymousAnissa ChenevertAnn HouleAnna GrangerAnna-Maj AnderssonAnnabeth KerleyAnne ChakaAnne MittsAnne TousignantAnnette PetersAnnie HadlerAnthony ByrdAntone Eek

April StadelmanArabella RappelArizona State UniversityArmando AguilarAshley NguyenAshley TunkerAshwin ShahAudriana SinclairAugusta KielleuAutumn GiddingsAutumn McGinnisAva and Brooke

Arnett & TaylorAzura RummeBailey GilbertBailey GreeneBarb HinesBarb SirayBarbara AsmanBarbara BouyetBarbara GrobermanBarbara HoltzBarbara LathwellBarbara NielsenBarbara Scott CainBarbara WolfeBarrett DeVeauBasl McIntyreBeaux BerkeleyBecca WahlenBecky RabornBecky WintersBelle DarkinsBen BuddBenjamin Griffi nBennett BrierBennett PainterBernadette FoulkBernadette KingsleyBeth CrossBeth EganBicka BannonBig Dawg Shirt ShackBlair MurdockBob CrimBoeing Company

Gift MatchBonfi re Funds Inc.Bonne McGowanBonnie FordBonnie PaparellaBoosterBradley CasperBrando GottshallBrenda BelfordBrenda PaullBrenda WilfertBrenden DufaultBrent HuffmanBrian EllisBrian SiegleBrianna GarzaBrianne WarthmanBrice UnderwoodBridget FoyBruce BannonBryan McWilliamsBryann Peirson

Caitlin GoldstickCambria EdwardsCameron O’MaraCamille JohnsonCandice HipsleyCarlos JavierCarly Latifi Carmen O’NeillCarol GodleyCarol MeiseCarole MichalesCarolyn Atherton StansburyCarolyn JacquesCarrie FuentesCarrie LazarCaryl RileyCaryn Kogos-Irwin

Caryn PhillipsCassandra CantrellCassandra Donnett

McPhersonCassandra DreslinskiCassie MoewsCat ButlerCatharina SnedecorCatherine FehlauerCatherine GardinerCatherine GwinnettCatherine MekkadathCatherine PollinCatherine StricklandCathy DeLanoyCatie LachanceCatlos GuzmamCecilia BurcescuCedric GonzalezCene MacedoniaChad CalameChama EzendamChance RaspberryCharity Gift Certifi catesCharity On Top FoundationCharlene VarnisCharles ReinsteinCharlie HarrisCharlotte CarneyChas LawChase LaDueCheng Lee

Cheryl Ann HughesCheryl HolzmanCheryl WoolnoughCheyanne PhippsChris AshleyChris BarltropChris BollingerChris HamblenChris PinsonChris ScottChris WhiteChristian PasseriChristine HormesChristine IsonChristine OlsonChristine PsykChristine Rappel

Christine SinnottChristine SittigChristine WatersChristine WibergChristoph FaschingChristopher HaileChristopher MaloneChristy PalmChuck DoyleCiara Kosior JewelryCierra NicoleCindy BaskinClaire Coles-JonesClaire IsonClaire ManningClare RyanCody ChenowethColin ThiessenColleen CeeColleen WilliamsConinyah DewCornerGames.caCorry ClayvilleCostcoCoty YoungCourtney KramerCraig LienCriss InvidCristina CiudinCritically Endangered Sockscustomink.com/fundraising/

bekindtoelephants


Dan & Nancy HofmannDan ErwinDani AlbertinaDaniel FarrisDaniel JanssenDaniel MullinDaniel O’DonnellDaniela FasanDaniela SilvaDanielle StenblomDante MancinelliDanya NessDarlene Ferland

Darlene MoranDarlene SealwDarlene SkaggsDarrell Biggs Jr.Darryl RodDave DoodyDavid & Krista SturgeonDavid and Sandy GoldmanDavid CrouchDavid DoerrDavid GoodmanDavid HaganDavid HiipakkaDavid JonesDavid KidmanDavid Knoffl ockDavid LodygaDavid MeynenDavid O’NeillDavid ShiDavid StierDavid TwiddyDawn CavalieriDawn HornungDeanna RosenlindDebaree LeuDebbie ParslowDeborah DevanyDeborah FischerDeborah FourakerDeborah HammondDeborah Rubin FieldsDebra JosephsonDee DouglasDeeAnn ZachariasDelores ElstonDemian RubalcabaDenise Estrada

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DolbyDom DesmondDon WilkinDonald MacAulayDongna WangDonita CarlsonDonna GreenDonna PhillipsDouglas BlohmDrew WeymouthDulce-Hernandez ThomasDurer AlbrechtDustin DoerenEarth ZooEdmund HoffmanEdward JohnsonEdwin MinerElaine MoriartyEliot WaldenElisabeth AchenElizabeth BerkeleyElizabeth FeldmanElizabeth HilliardElizabeth JacksonElizabeth LundgrenEllie GerthEmil Boström Emily ElizabethEmily PhillipsEmily RenholtsEmma ColesEmma RoseEmma WarrenEnid SophiaEric Tadeja Erik GrimmErika SantiagoErika Suarez

Erika TippErin CantrellErin HeatonErin StevensEstelle EmmEstelle EmmonsEthan GoldsmithEva SalvatoFlorence NeeFlorian VlasekForty’s Carburetor

and Auto RepairFrancesco CalabreseFrancis SchmitzFrank Landfi eldFrank LangleyFrank MarsiFrannie ZellmanFrida Nettel GonzalezFritzi SchwenkhoffGail TreeceGarey SimpsonGary & Linda ChristopherGary ChurchillGary OlsonGauri HolmanGee Gee CreagerGeorge WitheyGerri CastonguayGill ColafancescoGilles SevinGina FowlerGina GiovencoGinger RingGirl Scout, San Diego-

Imperial CouncilGleb RogozinskyGlenn MatthewsGlobal IdentitiesGoce TemelkoskiGomathy NarananGoodDeedSeats.comGordon Bernstein-PotterGrace RhanGraham ReynoldsGraymarket Design LLCGreg Eyton-JonesGreg LesoineGregory GilletteGregory LesoineGretchen KramerHaley LaneHand and Wrist Institute

handandwrist.comHannah LottHarold TewellHarriet JacksonHarrison LienHayley LewisHeather ClarkHeather LeithHeather MorelHeidi HaksethHelen BrownHelen LaiteHelene PedersenHenrietta KamrasHolly Kijowski

Holly OstromHui Ling ChenHussain AliI LoweIllinois Harness

Horseman AssociationIoana BîleaIrene ChansawangIsabelle PeerenJack RinderknechtJack WittenmyerJackie ThompsonJacob IrwinJacqueline AlbrechtJaire BerlinJake DayJake LeaseJames DierckJames DirckJames KiernanJames MoodyJan BourretJan ZawadzkiJane DudineJane McEneaneyJanet StacyJanice RamsayJarret O’SheaJason O’Conner Javier CoroJean DiGiovannaJean RojasJeanne McKayJeannie HofmeisterJeff DavisJeffery WilliamsJeffrey KlocekJeison Alcaraz--Earth ZooJen Lifl andJen StiversJen Van BrusselenJenn GibbingsJennifer ChapinJennifer CybulJennifer HenningJennifer KirklandJennifer MerketJennifer Sands &

Tom Morton Jennifer ScheeleJenny, Finn &

Iselle Azima KuykendallJerry SaraviaJesse Con LecheJessica HinesJessica KottkeJessica McDonaldJessica WinkleJessie CarpenterJesyka RowzieJi ye KimJiayin ShenJill & Eric SampsonJill AllreadJill DonaldsonJL Cooley Consulting LLCJL PeirceJlayin Shen

Jo BaileyJoan FrangiamoreJoan PetrokofskyJoanna MillerJodi DeVriesJodi DuBoisJodi SandvenJodie EgbertJoe MoffordJohn Adam MortonJohn CaldwellJohn FreudenheimJohn McMahonJohn RunyanJohn YounkmanJohn, Kristin, Ava, Noah &

Cole ConleyJoli GroomesJon ElliottJon FraterJon SvareJonathan BucciJonathon SprabaryJordan ApplebyJordyn MorrisJoseph and Jennifer

SpencerJosh WrightJoshua BelkinJoshua FrerkerJoy DouglasJoyce BuchananJoyce WattsJP PradoJu LoeJuan Jesus Cabrera BaezaJudith BeckJudith KenyonJudson MooreJudy KnightJulia FanningJulia GiachelloJulian FigielJulian HouseJulie EvansJust GiveJustine ParkerKaley GesslerKammi MadsenKara EnglerKara HeaphyKaran PatelKaren BuelowKaren CushmanKaren PaddockKaren PhelanKaren WestersundKari GraydonKari VoelkerKaris GaudetKarlie MarieKasey WilsonKassandra La MondeKate StillKate ZanickrowskyKatherine BernalKatherine HormesKatherine Luxton

26 2018 Donors

Katherine RenerKathleen KlieseKathleen SmithKathleen StressKathryn GardnerKathryn GellenbeckKathryn MetcalfKathryn Musselwhite-

GoldsmithKatie Liz BethKatiegirl JaxKay RudolphKayla BennettKayla Brown-CollieKayla MyersKaz Andy WorrallKCPT Public TelevisionKeenan BurtKeith GuerinKelley Steri GeorgeKelly AndersonKelly BodineKelly RudichKembra SmithKenji OmaeKenna Hyland-BockKenneth TinerKenneth AltKenneth HydesKenneth LukeKent DiLeoKerri HellquistKerry O’MaraKevin Lalka

Kevin RosserKevin SchulteKieran CrewsKim OrlandoKim SakevichKimberly CookKimberly GueretteKimberly JohnsonKit GallmanKM DubKrisna SriramKrista LymanKristen BoyleKristen MarieKristen SchulerKristy McGinnisKrystle BlackmoreKyle McRobertsKyle PennaLa Monita AcostaLakshmi LyengarLalita JayanthiLars HenriksonLaryssa RodLaura AxnessLaura BrownLaura CaldwellLaura CaspariLaura EngelhoffLaura MacEwenLaura SalisburyLaura SchmitzLaura ScottLaura Spicer

Laurel LangLauren DavisLauren FrauenschuhLaurent MolinsLaurie ClippertLaurie RosatiLea HarrisLeah CatherineLeah HansenLeah HudsonLee SimsLee ThomasLeeann PageLeeanne SopranoLeena MaristoLen SchiffLena HolmlundLennie Primrose ValdesLeo PostranoLeon DagoiLeon DavisLeon DragoiLesleigh LuttrellLesleigh OwenLesley-anne BrattyLilli KamuLillian KirstenLinda GriggLinda JordanLinda ThometzekLinda Wood CunninghamLindsay CraftLindsey RileyLisa Ballou

Lisa HekterLisa LascodyLisa SanchezLisa SchneiderLisamarie ButlerLiz Cunningham-BeemLiz DabruzziLiza DormadyLogan BurkettLolani WruburtonLore NusserLorena AlemanLori BuckleyLori DavisLori LorentzLori WhiteLotte LüthjeLouis GiguereLouis SatherLubna NazaraniLucy LewisLynda BuermannLynda CookLynn HarrisLynn YellottM & J MadhokMadison YocumMagda MusialowskaMahtaj TaromianMalinda ElderMamail CharanyaMan-en ChangMandy AndersonMandy Shaffer

Mandy WalkerMarc & Shawnee BehmMarcel NoordenMarcella PenningtonMarcia ClarkeMarcia GortowskiMarcia RosatiMarcin SulikowskiMaren BeckstrandMaren DouglasMargaret WalkerMaria AndersonMaria StarreveldMarianna SadaMarie-Laurence CamaraMariette KortMarija GorinshteynMarilyn OlasMarina Smyth SamsjöMarion Canterbury-BuppMarjorie HoldenMark AngeloMark KnisleyMark TolentinoMark TrowbridgeMark WatsonMark Watson & Kari VoelkerMark WhiteMarlene BarronMarlie CartwrightMarshall PerrinMarvin CrowderMary GuerinMary Kate Killen


Mary NowakMary SmithMary-Beth MeyerMaryJean FischerMassi GrelliMat NguyenMatt DeLanoyMatt GondekMatt RichardsonMatthew BeagleyMatthew BennskyMatthew LucaMatthew MurrayMatthew SprouseMaura OethMax KwakmanMaxine LathwellMeagan ElizabethMeagan LombaerMedtronicMegan AyromMegan BreerMegan Conrad Megan GolbeckMegan LawsonMeghan CotoniMehdi MessouciMekka DrewMelanie HampsonMelanie ListonMelanie StevensMelissa FoxMelissa JonesMelissa McDonaldMelissa MillerMelissa NashMelissa RussellMelissa YoungMendi James-OfczarzakMerle FrancisMica Mann

Michael Benanav Michael ClausonMichael DennisMichael EliasonMichael FourakerMichael HelbraunMichael KorzenikMichael OliverMichael RodriguezMichael SamselMichael SmithMichael TraynorMichael TunstallMichaela WilliamsonMichele SchultzMichelle BushnellMichelle HumphreyMichelle MacDonaldMidnight ElephantMike FrangiamoreMikey PiroMillie LopezMilo ÉliseMindi ScottMitch TippettsMoe AllenMoe ElissaMohamed IbrahimMonica KressMonica RushMonika HooverMorag BairdMorgan HalléMozeu SocksMridula HormesMridula, Christine &

Katherine HormesMunira Chranya-AllibhoyMuriel RyanNacho RendonNadine Panos

Nancy GabertNancy MulholandNancy StanleyNannette Driver-RuizNaomi RabinowitzNargis KeshwaniNatalia ZwolinskaNatasha DamonNatasha MacKinnonNatasha SohniNatasha TokmakovaNate KenyonNazarali DhamaniNeal SarahanNeil SteinNermin SaleemiNext Generation

Jewelry & ThingsNicholas HarrisNichole FigueroaNick PaneNick ReynoldsNick TrowbridgeNicole GagneNicole HortonNicole RaeNicolette MartinNicolo RizzoliNik JohnsonNikki O’BrienNila KlarinssonNilda UrrutiaNinoska FagüettNorman AlbertsNRG EnergyOak Webb Works, LLCOlivia GrazioOlivia OrtonOlivia PalmieriPam BPam SchulzPamela GardnerPamela GordonPamela HortonPamela KirkpatrickPamela MarazitiPamela MontgomeryPamela WalterPatricia DeRenzoPatricia NewtonPatricia StevensonPatrick GilmourPatrick ParnelPatti Guerette-VogelPatty MahaffeyPaul DaviesPaul GenisPaul JohnsonPaul LukePaul VelandraPaula LefebvrePaula MaysPaula MortensenPaula ShawPauline RousseauPBS KUED7Peg BoylePeggy Vlach Esche

Penn ChinudomsubPenny HenderPeter & Laurel LangPeter BecciPeter MaroudasPeter RussellPhilip HarveyPhillip MasionisPhoebe BallardPiotr BreedveldPowerNine.comPrice Waterhouse CoopersPriscilla SuarezR. MathersRachael ManningRachel & Shayna SmithRachel CarlsonRachel GrahamRachel KaneRachel LassmanRachel MooreRachelle DepewRae DukowitzRaegan PhillipsRafat Ashti-PirouzgarRalf Gothóni Rashelle CarpenterRaymond PetrasReagan RidgellReah BravoRebecca CrippsRebecca DayRebecca JohnsonRebecca LarsenRebekah JohnsonRene KunzRenea DevereauxRevital EverRHEA LLCRichelle MarekRickard OxfaultRicki GeigerRita JamesRita PastorsRobert FigueroaRobert JohnsonRobert KukralRobert McRaeRobert ReaRobert RichardsRoberta McKennaRobin HainlenRobyn Affl eckRoger MilesRoland ChrisjohnRoni Family Charitable FundRosanne & Dave RicciRosanne DrongoskiRosemarie KPRoxanne BazziniRoyce BattlemanRuby Jenkins

Lane McFarlaneRuby-Alice CullingRudowskyRuth CharalambousRuth MurphyRuth Verrall

Ryan BekielewskiRyan CampoRyan CompaniesRyan EasleyRyan TawneyRyan WallaceRyann KellySabrina ConwaySabriya KarimSaira RamosSally HogarthSally VogelSam ShefrinSamantha RagusaSamantha RamsaySamantha ThiboultSamiah RazakSamira StrataSana AliSandra AmisSandra BannermanSandra Binns/IRCFSandra MatthewsSandra ShepanekSandra SneddonSandy PlossSandy TawneySara GraurSara KarniSarah ConleySarah FordSarah GarySarah JayneSarah KarniSarah KuhSarah McCordSarah PascaleSaran BhatiaSarath RamadurgamSavannah FayeScott ShubertSean McDonoughSerena AbhyankarSeth AugustSeth BenjaminSeth LoboSeth WilkersonShana NewtonShanette Carmen JewelryShannon BaileyShannon Bowden-VeazeyShannon BreedingSharon CherwatySharon CoteSharon FrantzSharon NelsonSharron AmisShay HallettSheila StewartShelley BellShelly ClarkShirley LathamShiyue MoSierra McFarlaneSinead MatthewSol Diaz JirashSonja WethSoph Dyer

28 2018 Donors

Adam PetersAdrienne PierceAlfred TuttleAmanda BradyAmaryllis CottoAmy SingletonAndrew RussellAnita WarffordAnita HerrickAnita AasenAnn HaleyAnne CarboneBarbara AlteraBeverly ClarkBrooklyn MashawCaitlin M McMurrayCarina DambrosiCarrie DavidsonChristopher DavisClarence JordahlCynthia Bienvenue

Dale RhinesDale BaichDaryl McGrathDeborah JohnsonDorothy SnyderDyna RiosEileen JonesElaine SomersElaine ForlenzaElizabeth LightfritzEric OvertonEric SkowronskiErika NielsenErin ForetEvelyn WallaceEvgenia GennadiouFrances DykstraFrancine D’ErcoleGabrielle LewisGretchen KershawHarvey Stabbe

Helen LeidyHersel Davis JrHoward AldrichIrvin ChristopherJ FrappierJ SimmonsJames GowinJanet BowerJanine Barden-O’FallonJenina AparejoJennifer KretchmarJohn MutherJohn ScottenJohn RalphJohn McLoughlinJon PeeblesJon BennettJoseph HeitmanJoseph McFallJoyce BoltonKaren Lineberry

Kathi WalkerKathleen MeltonKeith ConwayKelly HerrmannKevin HoltKevin OliverKimberly ToomanKimberly MundhenkLeanne KippLinde JohnsonLisa BolligLori RobargeLouise SpielerLynne RobinsMarianne DaleMelissa StephensMichael PettryMichael BurollaMichelle GranucciNadine ShigezawaNancy Thomas

Nancy RanumNatalia CzarNorizelle RomenaPatricia MichaudRichard Natoli-RombachRichelle RichterRoshni PatelSarah GregorySarah CybartShelley BruceSimon FrechetteSudha ShreeniwasSyndi WebsterTeresa McFarlaneTimothy AustinTrevy McDonaldWanda HopkinsWilliam KellyYun Jing

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Salons by JCVictoria ReganWanda and Brian EricksonWasay PaindazadaWDSE TVWeb EnterprisesWells Fargo Community

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30 2018 Finance & Support

Your donation is tax deductible in accordance

with U.S. laws and will help fund conservation

efforts such as wildlife and habitat protection,

education programs and research.

International Elephant FoundationP. O. Box 366 Azle, TX 76098817-597-0956www.elephantconservation.org

Ways to Give• Make a one-time contribution

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Ask if your workplace participates in these easy ways to give.• Corporate Matching Gifts

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Support the International Elephant Foundation

IndividualContributions

$217,975

GovernmentGrants$28,800

InvestmentIncome$55,881

OrganizationalContributions$219,970

Board MemberContributions

$245,612

Management& General

$59,897

Global Programs$757,593

Fundraising$20,416

2018 Income 2018 Expenses


Projects Supported by the Following Organizations

Anti-Poaching & Patrols Projects

Conservation of Elephants in Key Areas Murchison Falls Conservation Area & Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area

Elephant Response Units (ERUs) in Way Kambas National Park in Sumatra

Mount Kenya Horse Patrol Team

Big Tusker Project

Support to Wildlife Protection Efforts in Lower Zambezi

Education & Workshop Project

Reducing Elephant Casualties Along the Siliguri-Alipur Duar Railway Line with Engineering Solutions

Human-Elephant Co-Existence Project

Developing Strategies to Mitigate Human Elephant Confl ict Using GPS Collars as an Early Warning System in Aceh

Research & Welfare Project

Debunking Critical Assumptions to Improve Forest Elephant Censuses and Monitoring

P.O. Box 366Azle, Texas 76098817-597-0956

elephantconservation.org

annual report - international elephant foundationjun 18, 2019 · forest elephant populations....

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