anth326mtg3
TRANSCRIPT
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ANTH326 Peoples and Cultures of Sub-Saharan
Africa
Meeting 3, September 24, 2007
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•Toward critical thinking
•Consensus opinion from African studies
Factoids again
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•Empowerment
–OLPC
•Portal
•History
•Bantu Languages
Wikipedia of Africa
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• More Than 1000 Articles
–77. Afrikaans: af (8281) (IE)
–89. Swahili: sw (5982) (Bantu)
–101. Yoruba: yo (4072) (Benue Congo)
–113. Amharic: am (2989) (Semitic)
In African languages
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•147. Lingala: ln (808) (Bantu)
•152. Wolof: wo (444) (Atlantic)
•154. Igbo: ig (418) (Benue Congo)
•170. Malagasy: mg (291) (Malayo Polynesian)
•172. Somali: so (288) (Cushitic)
•176. Kongo: kg (270) (Bantu)
Less than 1000 articles
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Less Than 200 Articles
•188. Oromo: om (184) (Cushitic)
•189. Tigrinya: ti (177) (Semitic)
•191. Ewe: ee (175) (Kwa/Gbe)
•198. Bambara: bm (138) (Mande)
•203. Zulu: zu (107) (Bantu)
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•Particularism/Universalism
–Anthropology
•Fluidity
–Lack fixed boundaries
–Contacts
–Negotiate identity
African Specificity
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•Alternative to votes
•Democracy
•Negotiation
•Argument
•Debate
•«Arbre à palabres» (“Talking Tree”)
“Consensus culture”
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•Ecological concept
•Central/Eastern/Southern (more than North/West)
•Peaceful influence more than invasion
•Intermarriage
Symbiosis
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•Agriculturalists/foragers
•State/bands
•Widespread religions, local belief systems
Coexistence
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•Settlements
•Surplus
•Population
•City
•State
•Hierarchy
Intensification
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•Similar to archeology
•Dark Continent
•Remnants
Older African studies
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•Sculptures
•Architecture
•Textiles
•Languages
•Social structure
Identifiable "cultures"
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•Iron age as if stage
•Civilization (Game)
–Linear evolution (Tech Tree)
–Prerequisites
–Compete
Technological Evolutionism
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Lamphear/Falola
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•Kingdoms/empires
•Forced confederacies
•Loose organisation
History of states
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•Small groups
–Not necessarily connected identity
•Nomadic groups
–Pastoralists (herders)
Non-State
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•Nilotes (Nilo-Saharan)
•Cushitic-speaking (Nilo-Saharan)
•Bantu-speakers (Niger-Congo)
•Mande speakers (Niger-Congo)
•San/Khoisan ("click")
•Sudanic languages (outdated classification)
Large cultural groups
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•Afro-Asiatic (including Semitic languages)
•Khoisan (including “click” languages)
•Niger-Congo (including Bantu languages)
•Nilo-Saharan (including Songhay, Maasai, Kanuri)
Language families
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•Ease borrow language
•Trade languages
•Speech communities
•Not inter-communication
Language families as cultures?
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•Next two weeks
•Age-Sets
•Age-Grades
•Lineages
•Queen Mother
•Artisans
Social Structure
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•Cosmopolitan networks
•Urban life
•Local
•"Ethnic"
•Schools (Koranic, Missionary, National)
Associations
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•Initiation societies
•Muslim brotherhoods (sufism)
–Tijaniyya
•Freemasons
Secret societies
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•Environment
•Crops
–Cash crops
–Food crops (subsistence farming)
•Intercontinental contacts
Geography
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Gellar
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•Industrial revolution
•Capitalism
•Invasion
Scramble
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•Amadou Hampaté Bâ
•Colonials not seeing power
–Even recent
•Experience abroad
Colonial Experience
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•Colonial past
•Fanon's critique
•Hegemony
•Egalitarian because Post-Colonial structures?
–Solway and Lee
Anthropology's Critique of Colonialism
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•Created or reinforced by colonials
•Region
•Trade language
•Community of experience
•Spurious?
Defining groups