8/6/2019 Anthropolgy 251 Test 4

1/2

Lecture 20

I. How do we know about disease form bones/II. Normal development

a. Dental eruption:i. Deciduous teeth (baby teeth) develop in at 4 months in utero, at 4-8 months

they start to come in at 4-8 months.

ii. Adult teeth come in at an specific order come in a certain way, shows what agethe fossil was at

iii. One big assumption that is not true: the development of older human beingsandasthruolpites follow the exact same path as modern Humans. This order is

not the same in different cultures depends on environment.

iv. Hox genes (junk DNA)b. Epiphayses and Diaphyses

i. Epiphayses: The growth plates, at a certain time in you development theyossified and become bone.

ii. Diaphyses: are the shafts in the long bones that is not growingiii. Cartilage to bone as a baby is born most bones are cartilage that change into

bone as you age. In the knee that are growth plates, you grow along the growth

plates until they ossified

iv. Paricarmata- like growth rings in trees, in a tooth, each ring is 3-4 daysc. Osteoporosis

i. When women goes through menopause, estrogen sicese to be produce in largequantity, causes osteoporosis, because the calcium breaks down, hips breaks

are more common.

d. Periosteal reactions: when you hit your leg you activate osteoblast and you getadditional bone being laid down there, you find it more in agricultural societies then

hunter gather societies, you can cause an infection of streptococcus that can cause

damage

III. Disease statesa. Pararpoucus: children with big bellys caused by water retention due to the lack of

protein.

b. Mesamis: protein defentiay, stuns growth , deformities can not fight off childhooddiseases

c. Malnutritioni. Better nourished you are can fight off childhood diseases like Mensal,ii. a diet of only corn can also cause a problem with iron absorption, ie not enough

red blood cells, have an absorbent amount of carbon dioxide can cause the

osteoblasts to make more and more bone also can cause anemia

iii. 2nd child syndrome: first child depends on mothers milk for protein and whey,when the mother gets pregnant again she weans her first child off of her milk

8/6/2019 Anthropolgy 251 Test 4

2/2

they get malnourished can stunt growth cause mental retardation unable to

heal any wounds and ulcers

d. Treponematosisi. Syphilis: was originally though that Columbus and his crew spread the diseases

to the new world, found out was here before 1400s

1. Sexually transmitted2. Familiar Transmitted: child gets it form it mother

a. Cause bow legged, blindness, brain damaged, deposits on theskull

ii. Garuse: happens in the tropics causes tropical ulcers that are sores that dont goaway

e. Tuberculosis: infection of the lungs, though was whipped out spread by close contact,Penciling, brought about sanitariums. Now there are strings of tuberculosis that are

penciling resistance

f. Other infectious diseasesi. Cholera: causes by contaminated water

g. Developmental Problemsi. Better nourished you are better chance to fight off infections