anthropology in vernacular architecture

7/24/2019 ANTHROPOLOGY IN VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

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ANTHROPOLOGY IN

VERNACULARARCHITECTURE


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ANTHROPOLOGY

The study of humans, past and present .It helps us in understanding the full sweep and

complexity of cultures across all of human

history.Anthropology draws and builds upon knowledgefrom the social and biological sciences as well asthe humanities and physical sciences.

A central concern of anthropology is theapplication of knowledge to the solution of humanproblems .


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Sociocultural anthropology examine social patterns and practicesacross cultures , with a special interest in how people live in particularplaces and how they organize, govern, and create meaning. A hallmark of sociocultural anthropology is its concern with similaritiesand differences, both within and among societies , and its attention torace, sexuality, class, gender, and nationality esearch in sociocultural anthropology is distinguished by its emphasison participant observation, which involves placing oneself in theresearch context for extended periods of time to gain a first!handsense of how local knowledge is put to work in grappling with practicalproblems of everyday life and with basic philosophical problems of

knowledge, truth, power, and "ustice. Topics of concern to sociocultural anthropology include such areas ashealth, work, ecology and environment, education, agriculture anddevelopment, and social change.

OCIOCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY:


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#iological anthropology seek to understand how humans adaptto diverse environments, how biological and cultural processes worktogether to shape growth, development and behaviour , and whatcauses disease and early death.

In addition, they are interested in human biological origins,evolution and variation.They give primary attention to investigating $uestions having to

do with evolutionary theory , our place in nature, adaptation andhuman biological variation.

To understand these processes, biological anthropology studythe fossil record %pale anthropology&, prehistoric people %bioarchaeology&, and the biology %e.g., health, hormones, growth anddevelopment& and genetics of living populations.

BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLGY :


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Archaeology is the study of past peoples and cultures , from thedeepest prehistory to the recent past, through the analysis ofmaterial remains, ranging from artefacts and evidence of pastenvironments to architecture and landscapes.

'aterial evidence, such as pottery, stone tools, animal bone, andremains of structures, is examined , to address such topics as theformation of social groupings, ideologies, subsistence patterns, andinteraction with the environment.

(ike other areas of anthropology, archaeology is a comparativediscipline) it assumes basic human continuities over time and place,but also recognizes that every society is the product of its ownparticular history and that within every society there arecommonalities as well as variation.

ARCHAEOLOGY :


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(inguistic anthropology is the comparative study of ways inwhich language reflects and influences social life .

It explores the many ways in which language practices definepatterns of communication, formulate categories of socialidentity and group membership, organize large!scale culturalbeliefs and ideologies, and, e$uip people with common culturalrepresentations of their natural and social worlds.

(inguistic anthropology shares with anthropology in general aconcern to understand power, ine$uality, and social change ,particularly as these are constructed and represented throughlanguage and discourse.

Linguistic anthropolog :


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*ifferent types of anthropology are +

Psychological anthropology:sychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of

anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental

processes. This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans-development and enculturation within a particular cultural groupwith its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categoriesshape processes of emotion, perception, motivation, and mentalhealth.

It also examines how the understanding of , emotion, motivation,and similar psychological processes inform or constrain our models ofcultural and social processes.


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/ognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns ofshared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmissionover time and space using the methods and theories of

the cognitive sciences %especially experimentalpsychology and evolutionary biology& often throughclose collaboration with historians, archaeologists,linguists and other specialists engaged in thedescription and interpretation of cultural forms.

/ognitive anthropology is concerned with what peoplefrom different groups know and how that implicitknowledge changes the way people perceive and relateto the world around them.

Cogniti!" anthropolog :


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Ecological anthropology:0cological anthropology is defined as the 1 study ofcultural adaptations to environments 2.

The sub!field is also defined as, 1 the study of

relationships between a population of humans andtheir biophysical environment 2.The focus of its research concerns 1how cultural

beliefs and practices helped human populations adaptto their environments, and how people used elementsof their culture to maintain their ecosystems.1


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Environmentalanthropology:0nvironmental anthropology is a sub!specialty within the field of

anthropology that takes an active role in examining the

relationships between humans and their environment across spaceand time.'any characterize this new perspective as more informed with

culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, andmore.

The focus and data interpretation is often used for argumentsfor3against or creation of policy, and to prevent corporateexploitation and damage of land.


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Historicalanthropology:0thno history is the study of ethnographic cultures and

indigenous customs by examining historical records .

It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groupsthat may or may not exist today.0thno history uses both historical and ethnographic data as

its foundation.Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard

use of documents and manuscripts.ractitioners recognize the utility of such source materialas maps, music, paintings, photography, oral tradition, siteexploration, archaeological materials, museum collections,enduring customs, language, and place names.


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Evolutionary anthropology:0volutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study ofthe evolution of human physiology and human behavior0volutionary anthropology is based in natural science and

social science, combining the human development withsocioeconomic factors.

0volutionary anthropology is concerned with bothbiological and cultural evolution of humans, past and present. It is based on a scientific approach, and brings together

fields such as archaeology, behavioral ecology, psychology,primatology, and genetics.

It is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field, drawing onmany lines of evidence to understand the human experience,past and present.

anthropology in vernacular architecture

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