anxiety and arousal
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What is the relationship between anxiety, arousal, and sport performance?
How pumped-up or how calm should one be???
What is the relationship between anxiety, arousal, and sport performance?
How pumped-up or how calm should one be???
Arousal
– A physiological activation of a person (from coma to intense activation)
– Neutral until interpreted, when it is felt as positive or negative
– Under control of the ANS (autonomic nervous system)
Arousal
– A physiological activation of a person (from coma to intense activation)
– Neutral until interpreted, when it is felt as positive or negative
– Under control of the ANS (autonomic nervous system)
A drena l C ortexre leases cortiso l(s tress horm one)
Pitu i ta ry G land
Hypotha lam us
"F ight or fl ightreac tion"
(e .g ., HR, brea th ing)
A drena l in &Noradrena l in
S ym pathe tic NervousS ys tem
Inte rpre ta tion(C erebra l cortex )
C om petitive S ituation
HR, BP, RR HR, BP, RR
BiochemicalsBiochemicals( hormones)( hormones)
•Palmar sweating & GSRPalmar sweating & GSR•Muscle Tension (EMG)Muscle Tension (EMG)
ArousalArousal
Anxiety
– How do you experience anxiety? What are your symptoms?
Anxiety
– How do you experience anxiety? What are your symptoms?
– Situation-specific (State Anxiety)
vs.
– Generalized anxiety (Trait Anxiety)
– Situation-specific (State Anxiety)
vs.
– Generalized anxiety (Trait Anxiety)
State vs. Trait anxietyState vs. Trait anxiety
Emotional/Cognitive Emotional/Cognitive
PhysiologicalPhysiological
BehavioralBehavioral
Anxiety Anxiety componentscomponents
Experiencing anxietyExperiencing anxiety
Emotional/Cognitive Emotional/Cognitive (self-report(self-reportinventories) inventories)
PhysiologicalPhysiological(arousal (arousal measures)measures)
BehavioralBehavioral(observation)(observation)
AnxietyAnxiety
Measuring anxietyMeasuring anxiety
What is the relationship between anxiety, arousal, and sport performance?
How pumped-up or how calm should one be???
What is the relationship between anxiety, arousal, and sport performance?
How pumped-up or how calm should one be???
Lots of theories– Catastrophe theory
– Zone of optimal functioning
– Reversal theory
– Inverted-U
Lots of theories– Catastrophe theory
– Zone of optimal functioning
– Reversal theory
– Inverted-U
“The relationship between arousal, anxiety, and performance is curvilinear and in the shape of an inverted-U.”
For any task, there is an optimal level of arousal/anxiety depending on the sport, situation, and individual.
Examples?
“The relationship between arousal, anxiety, and performance is curvilinear and in the shape of an inverted-U.”
For any task, there is an optimal level of arousal/anxiety depending on the sport, situation, and individual.
Examples?
Explanatory model (A-B-C-D-E) (draw chart)
A = Athlete (what he/she brings to the situation)
B = Ballgame (the actual situation)
C = Cognitive appraisal
D = Dread & Dry mouth (the emotional & physiological responses)
E - Execution (the sports performance)
Explanatory model (A-B-C-D-E) (draw chart)
A = Athlete (what he/she brings to the situation)
B = Ballgame (the actual situation)
C = Cognitive appraisal
D = Dread & Dry mouth (the emotional & physiological responses)
E - Execution (the sports performance)