Biomoleculesany molecule that is present in living organisms. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Biomolecules

• Warm-up

• List the percentages of each:• Total Fats ____

• Saturated Fats ____

• Carbohydrates _______

• Protein ____

• What Biomolecule would cholesterol be

classified as? _____________

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall1

Macromolecules

Proteins Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Monomers (M) (Building Blocks)

(Building

Blocks

4 Classes of Organic

Compounds

All

Contain

Carbon

starch

es

cellulose

glycogen

CHO

steroids

oils

fats

waxes

CHO

CHONS

CHONP

muscle fibers

cytoskeleton

enzymes

M=

Amino Acids

M=

Nucleotides

M=

Fatty Acids and

Glycerol

M=Sugars

RNA

DNA

Carbohydrates

Levels of organization

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, found in food help

make me along with nucleic acids!!!!

Macromolecule

Monomer vs PolymerMonomer-single unitPolymer: many single units joined together

Dehydration Synthesis: removing water to form polymers

Hydrolysis: adding water to break down into monomers

C H O

1: 2: 1

Monomer: Sugar Main source of

energy, especially

short term energy

Used for genetic material,

which codes for traits

Monomer: Nucleotide C H O N P

DNA: A C G T

Monosaccharide: simple sugar

Disaccharide: double (two) sugars

Polysaccharide: many (large) sugars

RNA: A G C U

Carbohydrates

Glucose,

Starch,

Cellulose,

Glycogen

Nucleic Acids

DNA, RNA, ATP

Macromolecules

Lipids

Fats, Oils,

Waxes

Proteins Enzymes,

Cell structure

Saturated: only C-C single bonds

Unsaturated: at least 1 C = C double bond

Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids + glycerol Bonded by: Peptide Bonds

Used for antibodies, muscle C H O

Monomer: Triglyceride

Used for long term

energy storage

movement, enzymes, hormones, structure, transport, and to store amino acids

Monomer: Amino Acid

C H O N (S)

Crash Course Biomolecules

Enzymes: Are ProteinsEnzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical

reactions

No living organism canFunction WITHOUT Enzymes

Enzymes: 1. Build molecules: Synthesis Enzymes2. Break Down Molecules: Digestive enzymes3. Speed up reactions: Catalysts4. Lowers activation energy:

Lock and Key TheoryEach enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job.Can affect the enzyme action.1. Temperature 2. pHIf the temp. and pH is to extreme the enzyme will denature.Denature: permanently change the shape of the enzyme. Will no longer work

Enzymes are proteins• Each enzyme is the specific helper to

a specific reaction• enzymes are named for the reaction

they help• sucrase breaks down sucrose

• proteases breakdown proteins

• lipases breakdown lipids

• DNA polymerase builds DNA

Oh, I get it!They end in -ase