ao4 3 accident

7/31/2019 Ao4 3 Accident

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Accident One

Name Ofaccident?

Boscastle floods

When did theaccident occur?

The incident occurred on 16th August 2004

Whathappened?

The Boscastle flood occurred on Monday, 16August 2004 in the two villages of Boscastle andCrackington Haven in Cornwall, The villagessuffered extensive damage after flash floods

caused by an exceptional amount of rain that fellover eight hours that afternoon. The flood inBoscastle was filmed and extensively reported butthe floods in Crackington Haven and Rocky Valleywere not mentioned beyond the local news.185 mm (7 inches) of rain fell over the highground just inland of Boscastle. At the peak of thedownpour, at about 15:40, 24.1mm of rain(almost one inch) was recorded as falling in just15 minutes at Lesnewth, 2.5 miles (4 km) up thevalley from Boscastle. In Boscastle, 89 mm(3.5 inches) of rain was recorded in 60 minutes.The rain was much localised: four of the nearest10 rain gauges, all within a few miles of Boscastle,showed less than 3 mm of rain that day. Thecause of the very heavy localised rain is thoughtto be an extreme example of what has becomeknown as the Brown Willy effect.

The torrential rain led to a 2 m (7 ft) rise in riverlevels in one hour. A 3 m (10 ft) wave, believed to

have been triggered by water pooling behinddebris caught under a bridge and then beingsuddenly released as the bridge collapsed, surgeddown the main road. Water speed was over10 mph, more than enough to cause structuraldamage. It is estimated that 20,000,000 cubicmeters of water flowed through Boscastle thatday alone. The steep valley sides and thesaturated surface ensured a high amount ofsurface run-off.


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What were thecauses of theaccident?

Warm air picking up moisture - due to

residual heat from the Atlantic sea

Changes in farming practice in the area

Sewage

A reduction of trees and hedges higher up

the valley causing water to flow through

more quickly than would have been the

case in the past

However, an episode of Discovery Channel's

Perfect Disaster states that the floods might have

been caused by a phenomenon called a "blocking

high". A blocking high is a large area of static high

pressure. It can happen anywhere in the world,

and the effect is deadly because the high

pressure can stall other weather systems around

it.

How manycasualties werethere?

There werent any fatal accidents (deaths).However they were many minor injuries such ascuts and bruises and also slight hypothermia.

Also many people had to have counselling due toshock

How long did ittake for the fireservice tomobilize?

Because it was a freak accident, it took the firebrigade from Delebole around 45 minutes toarrive at Boscastle. This could have been down tothe fact of traffic leaving Boscastle to avoid thefloods or even that the fire brigadeunderestimated how severe the floods actuallywere.

How many

firemen wererequired at thescene?

There was 8 different fire services at Boscastle on

the day of the floods. Each fire truck has 7 seats.So if each truck had only deployed 1 fire engine,then there would have been 42 Fire officersminimum.

Whatequipment didthe fire serviceuse at thescene?

Pumps to get rid of excess water, building uparound a certain area. Ladders to reach the topwindows of houses as the bottom layers would beflooded. Rams to knock down doors.


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What did thefire serviceactually do?

The fire fighters were the first public service onthe scene and therefore had to take immediatecontrol of the operation until the other publicservices arrived. The fire fighters were the publicservice which went into peoples houses, risking

their own lives to save the stranded civilians ofBoscastle. The fire fighters also had to pumpwater away from the streets and out of thehouses

Whatpreventativemeasures didthe fire servicehave preparedfor such asituation?

The fire brigade advised the Village of Boscastleto install flood gates and culverts to help preventany future flooding. The also higher theriverbanks and helped to rebuild Boscastlestronger and more resistance to further majorincidents.

Accident Two

Name Ofaccident?

9/11 terrorist attacks


9/11/2001

Whathappened?

On the 11th of September 2001, 4 Americancommercial passenger jet airlines( AmericanAirlines Flight 11, United Airlines Flight 175,American Airlines Flight 77, United Airlines Flight93) were hijacked by 19 terrorists led by warcriminal Al Qaeda in a series of suicide attacks onthe United States of America. The hijackersintentionally crashed two of the airliners into theTwin Towers of the World Trade Center in New

York City, killing everyone on board and manyothers working in the buildings.Both buildings collapsed within two hours,destroying nearby buildings and damaging others.The hijackers crashed a third airliner into thePentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outsideWashington, D.C.The fourth plane crashed into a field nearShanksville in rural Pennsylvania after some of itspassengers and flight crew attempted to retake

control of the plane, which the hijackers hadredirected toward Washington, D.C and was


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thought to be heading towards the Whitehouse.


A series of hijacked planes by the terroristorganisation Al-Qaeda


Around 3000 deaths, including the 19 hijackersand 2,977 victims. 246 victims on the four planes(from which there were no survivors), 2,606 inNew York City in the World Trade Center and onthe ground, and 125 at the Pentagon. About 292people were killed at street level by burningdebris and falling bodies of those who had jumpedfrom the World Trade Center's windows. All thedeaths in the attacks were civilians except for 55military personnel killed at the Pentagon.


New York City fire companies and EMS crews weredeployed to the World Trade Center 5 1/2 minutesafter the first aircraft struck the north tower. Chiefofficers set up a command center in the lobby asfirst arriving units entered the building andfirefighters began the rescue attemptsimmediately

How manyfiremen wererequired at thescene?

The NYFD deployed 200 units to the site, withmore than 400 firefighters,


A command centre with radios and documentsetc.Fire hoses extinguishers. Safety landingequipment (for people at the lower stories of theWTC to jump out on.Ladders


The fire fighter arrived at the scene withinminutes of the attack and deployed fire fightersinto the WTC within minutes of arriving. The firefighter went into the world trade centres to helpcreate an escape route for the civilians trying toescape the buildings. The fire fighters attemptedto get as high up the WTC as they could. Howeverbefore they could reach advance to the higherstories, the buildings collapsed and many firefighters lost their lives because they weredetermined to save the civilians. Fire fighter were

fighting the fire from outside the building until itcollapsed. The fire brigade then had a new role of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks#Casualtieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks#Casualtieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon


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finding civilians trapped under the rubble andgetting them to safety. After the 9/11 attacks, thefire fighters then had to begin to clear the rubbleaway from the streets so that the US could carryon with society.

Whatpreventativemeasures didthe fire servicehave preparedfor such asituation?

Increase response time to accidents/incidents.Advance in equipment so that the can fight firesmore effectively.

Accident Three

Name Ofaccident? 7/7 bombings


7th July 2005

Whathappened?

The 7/7 London bombings were a series of co-ordinated suicide attacks in London which

targeted civilians using the public transportsystem during the morning rush hour.

On the morning of Thursday, 7 July 2005, fourIslamisthome-grown terrorists detonated fourbombs, three in quick succession aboard LondonUnderground trains across the city and, later, afourth on a double-decker bus inTavistockSquare.


four Islamisthome-grown terrorists detonatedfour bombs aboard London Underground trainsacross the city and, later, a fourth on a double-decker bus inTavistock Square.


Fifty-two people were killed in the attacks, andover 700 more were injured.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_hourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homegrown_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavistock_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavistock_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homegrown_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavistock_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_hourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homegrown_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavistock_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavistock_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homegrown_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavistock_Square


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It took the Fire service 6 minutes 14 seconds tomobilize and arrive at the first bombsite.

How manyfiremen wererequired at thescene?

There was 2 units at the first bombsite eachconsisted of 5 fire fighters.


Flash lights, Fire extinguishers, ropes, ladders,cutting tools I.E the jaws of life.


The first group of firefighters said they could notenter the tunnel at Aldgate because they had notreceived official confirmation that the live electricrail had been turned off.

One police officer stood on the rail to prove that itwas no longer live - but the crew insisted they stillneeded word from London Undergroundmanagers. Four other firefighters had alreadygone into the train.

The first crew reached King's Cross station at

0913 - but did not go to the scene until a secondcrew arrived at 0942. That was because theircommunication protocols demanded having back-up teams available.

One police officer reported seeing firefighterswaiting on the escalator for colleagues to arrive,as the walking wounded began to emerge from atunnel.

Whatpreventativemeasures did thefire service haveprepared for sucha situation?

An incident response unit (IRU) is a government-supplied decontamination vehicle that wasintroduced in the wake of the September 11attacks as part of the New Dimension scheme forequipping UK brigades with extensive disasterresponse vehicles for any major catastrophe orterrorist attack.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks

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