“in and out air strategies. from climate change to ... · implementation: building air tightness...
TRANSCRIPT
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“In and Out Air Strategies.
From Climate Change to Microclimate.
Library, Archives and Museum
Preservation Issues”
5-6 March 2009
Bibliothèque nationale de France
http://www.ifla.org/VI/4/pac.htm
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British Library Low Oxygen Case Study The Future of Fire Prevention in Archival Storage
Bibliothèque nationale de France5-6 Mars 2009
John de LucyHead of Estates and FacilitiesThe British Library
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The British Library at St Pancras, London
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The British Library Centre for Conservation
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The British Library Centre for Conservation
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The British Library Centre for Conservation– conservation studios
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Additional Storage Programme (ASP)Brief for construction
� 262 kilometres storage (should last until 2016)� High Density, High Bay, fully Automated,
controlled environment� Low oxygen (15%) fire prevention� High sensitivity smoke detection systems� Temperature 16C Relative Humidity 52% � Two separate four hour fire compartments � 70 year design life� Energy efficiency / sustainability� Minimal environmental impact
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The ASP building
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ASP aerial view
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Additional Storage Building, Boston Spa
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ASP construction: interior prior to racking installation
PAROC mineral wool composite panel cladding
4-hour fire rating
Racking 70 feet tall
Crane aisles 2.6 feet wide
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Additional Storage Building – high bay, high density racking
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Fire Protection in UK Archives – the received wisdom
British Standard 5454:2000� Sprinklers� Fire compartments� 4-hour protection� Smoke extraction� Reactive model (thermal trigger): fire is a prerequisite
The reality� Risk of accidental or partial water discharge� Freezers to salvage wet books� For some: no fire suppression at all� Inefficient building design
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Why sprinklers did not suit ASP
� Sprinkler heads required at all 25 levels of racking� Fire Compartments incompatible with efficient
automation and HD building design� How maintain sprinkler pipes in racking (up to 70 feet
in height)?� Totes fill with water, books are immersed, racking
buckles..?
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Low Oxygen (OxyReduct)
OxyReduct used in mainland Europe by the Gas, Oil, IT, and Chemical industries
Used where water would cause more problems
Approved by European fire institutes and insurance bodies
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Benefits of Low Oxygen
� Preventative model: reassurance to collection specialists
� Nitrogen is an inert gas: no effect on paper-based collections
� Ideal for new build with automation� Proven effectiveness in preventing fire � Early detection of even non-visible pyrolysis� Continuous monitoring throughout storage space� Assets are protected for min. 72 hours even if
OxyReduct system fails catastrophically� Simple to install and maintain
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… not for everyone? Issues in legacy buildings
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Groningen University Archive
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Groningen University Archive
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Further investigation & risk assessment
Hugo Boss cloth warehouseGermany
2002: two cloth storage warehouses with sprinklers
2004: single cloth storage warehouse with OxyReduct
Hugo Boss not viable if cloth stocks lost to fire
Building holds next 3-4 years’of stock
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Implementation at the British Library: specification
� 15% Oxygen level throughout storage areas
� Independent parallel air sampling Vesda system
� Nitrogen tanker port
� 3 Nitrogen compressors: 2 online, 1 standby, all 3 in emergency
� Building Air Leakage Index specification value: 0.5. Achieved 0.17
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Implementation: building air tightness
Hammersens, Osnabruck
PAROC air test box:� 4 metres square� 400mm thickness� 4-hour fire resistance� High thermal capacity� ASP: 11 KM of joints
Air Leakage Index value of 1 =
1 cubic metre of air leaking through
1 square metre of building envelope
in 1 hour
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Installing High Bay, High Density 21 metre Racking
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Installing High Bay, High Density 21 metre Racking
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Picking stations
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Turntable at Picking Station
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Conveyor System
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Visitors’ Viewing Gallery
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Totes in Loading Bay
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Crane in Aisle