ap biology lipids: fats & oils ap biology lipids lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and...
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![Page 1: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f0b5503460f94c1ee86/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Biology
Lipids: Fats & Oils
![Page 2: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f0b5503460f94c1ee86/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AP Biology
Lipids Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
small amts of Oxygen long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)
Do not form polymers They are big molecules made of smaller subunits not a continuing chain
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2006-2007 AP Biology
Lipid Functionslong term energy storage
InsulationWaterproofing
Hormone Production
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AP Biology
Fats Structure:
Fats, Oils and Waxes are made of a Glycerol molecule (3-Carbon alcohol) + fatty acid fatty acid =
long Hydrogen/Carbon “tail” with carboxyl (COOH) group head
dehydration synthesis
H2O
enzyme
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AP Biology
Building Fats Triacylglycerol
3 fatty acids linked to glycerol ester linkage = between OH & COOH…links a
glycerol to fatty acids. hydroxyl carboxyl
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AP Biology
Dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme
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AP Biology
Fats store energy Long Fatty Acid Tail
It is non-polar Hydrophobic (repels water)
Function: energy storage
2x what is given in carbohydrates cushion organs insulates body
think whale blubber!
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AP Biology
Saturated fatty acids All Carbon bonded to Hydrogen No C=C double bonds
long, straight chain most animal fats solid at room temp.
contributes to cardiovascular disease = plaque deposits
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AP Biology
Unsaturated fatty acid tail C=C double bonds in the fatty acids
plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature
the kinks made by doublebonded Carbon prevent the molecules from packing tightly together
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AP Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated
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AP Biology
Phospholipids Structure:
Made of a glycerol molecule + 2 fatty acids + PO4 (phosphate group) PO4 = negatively charged
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AP Biology
Phospholipids Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
fatty acid tails = PO4 head = split “personality”
interaction with H2O is complex & very important!
“repelled by water”
“attracted to water”
hydrophobic
hydrophillic (attracted to water)
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AP Biology
Phospholipids in water Hydrophilic heads “attracted” to H2O
Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O can self-assemble into “bubbles”
bubble = “micelle” can also form a phospholipid bilayer early evolutionary stage of cell?
bilayer
water
water
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AP Biology
Why is this important? Phospholipids create a barrier in water
define outside vs. inside they make cell membranes!
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AP Biology
Steroids Structure:
4 fused Carbon rings + One Functional Grp?? different steroids created by attaching different
functional groups to rings Important: different structure = different function
examples: cholesterol, sex hormones
cholesterol
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AP Biology
Cholesterol- type of Steroid Important cell component
animal cell membranes
- keeps fatty acid tails from sticking together precursor of all other steroids
including vertebrate sex hormones high levels in blood may contribute to
cardiovascular disease
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AP Biology
Cholesterol
helps keep cell membranes
fluid & flexible
Important component of cell membrane
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AP Biology
From Cholesterol Sex Hormones What a big difference a few atoms can make!
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AP Biology
LIPIDS All Lipids are INSOLUBLE in water!