ap chp 2 southern colonies
TRANSCRIPT
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with slides from Ms. Susan M. Pojer
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VirginiaVirginia
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The Charter of the Virginia Company: Guaranteed to
colonists the same rights as Englishmen as if they had stayed in England.
This provision was incorporated into future colonists’ documents.
Colonists felt that, even in the Americas, they had the rights of Englishmen!
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Late 1606 VA Co. sends 3 ships
Spring 1607 land at mouth of Chesapeake Bay.
Attacked by Indians and move on.
May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James River
Easily defended, but swarming with disease-causing mosquitoes.
England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”
England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”
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http://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown/jamestown.cfm
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Godspeed
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Susan Constant
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Discovery
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Jamestown
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http://www.apva.org/history/jsmith.html
http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/characters/pocahontas/pocahontas.html
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1606-1607 40 people died on the voyage to the New World.
1609 another ship from England lost its leaders and supplies in a shipwreck off Bermuda.
Settlers died by the dozens!
“Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.
Game in forests & fish in river uncaught.
Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.
The Jamestown Nightmare
The Jamestown Nightmare
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High Mortality RatesHigh Mortality Rates
The “Starving Time”:1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
1624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: 80%
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Tobacco PlantTobacco Plant
Virginia’s gold and silver. -- John Rolfe, 1612
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Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
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Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710
Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710
Why did tobacco prices decline so dramatically?
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Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy: Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic
footing.
Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.
Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.
Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system.
Need for cheap, abundant labor.
Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”
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Why was 1619 a pivotal year
for the Chesapeake settlement?
Why was 1619 a pivotal year
for the Chesapeake settlement?
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VirginiaHouse of Burgesses
VirginiaHouse of Burgesses
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English Tobacco Label
English Tobacco Label
First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619.
Their status was not clear perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants.
Slavery not that important until the end of the 17c.
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James I grew hostile to Virginia He hated tobacco.
He distrusted the House of Burgesses which he called a seminary of sedition.
1624 he revoked the charter of the bankrupt VA Company.
Thus, VA became a royal colony, under the king’s direct control!
Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony
Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony
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MarylandMaryland
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Royal charter granted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Baltimore, in 1632.
A proprietary colony created in 1634.
A healthier locationthan Jamestown.
Tobacco would be the main crop.
His plan was to govern as an absentee proprietor in a feudal relationship.
Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic relatives.
The Settlement of Maryland
The Settlement of Maryland
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St Mary’s City (1634)St Mary’s City (1634)
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Colonists only willing to come to MD if they received land.
Colonists who did come received modest farms dispersed around the Chesapeake area.
Catholic land barons surrounded by mostly Protestant small farmers.
Conflict between barons and farmers led to Baltimore losing proprietary rights at the end of the 17c.
A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics
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Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.
High number of Protestants threatened because of overwhelming rights given to Catholics.
Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.
Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.
Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].
In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!
A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics
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Caribbean Caribbean
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Sugar, Sugar, Sugar
Plantations required huge numbers of workers (slaves)
Increasingly reliant on North America for foodstuffs
The Economy of the CaribbeanThe Economy of the Caribbean
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The CarolinasThe Carolinas
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Charles I is beheaded, England ruled by Oliver Cromwell
1660 the son, Charles II is restored to the throne
Carolina is awarded to eight Lords Proprietors
BackstoryBackstory
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Closely tied with the Caribbean
Reliance (mainly in south) on slaves
Slaves – exported Indian- Imported
Africans
Rice becomes chief crop
EconomyEconomy
http://www.mansfieldplantation.com/history_rice.html
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Northern Carolina was sparsely settled initially
Those in north were VA’s outcasts and poor
1712 separation into NC and SC
SeparationSeparation
http://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/colonial.html
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GeorgiaGeorgia
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Last of colonies
Buffer between Spanish Florida and SC and French Louisiana
Founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors
http://www.libs.uga.edu/darchive/hargrett/maps/colamer.html