Word P.O.S Definition Synonym or Example

1 Evasive Adj Tending or seeing to escape, avoid, or shirk something

2 Extradite V to give up (an alleged fugitive or criminal) to another state or nation at its request

3 Regenerate V to re-create especially in a better form or condition.

4 Aphorism N a terse saying embodying a general truth, or astute observation

5 Creosote N an oily liquid having a burning taste and a penetrating odor; used mainly as a preservative for wood and as an antiseptic.

6 Primordial Adj pertaining to or existing at or from the very beginning

7 Metamorphose V to change the form or nature of; transform.

8 Feminism N the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.

9 Subservient Adj servile; excessively submissive

10 Marginalize V to place in a position of little importance, influence, or power

AP Lang: Vocab 3:2

Word:

Word:

Word: Word:

Word:

Word:

Word: Word:

Word:

Word:

Rhetorical Modes: Patterns of Development

•Narration•Description•Process Analysis•Exemplification•Comparison & Contrast•Classification & Division•Definition•Causal Analysis

Author’s Purpose

Organize entire text

Organize individual 

paragraphs or sections

8 major patterns

Rhetorical TransactionExigence

Audience

Purpose

Logos

Ethos Pathos

Organization/Structure/Form

Diction Imagery Syntax Figurative Language

Rhetorical Situation

Appeals

Surface Features

Rhetorical Modes

Narration

1) Tells story; recounts events; personal

2) Chronological (detail, pov, dialogue)

3) Craft story to support thesis

4) Often used as a way to enter topics

5) Draws a reader in

Description

1) Paints a picture with senses; details

2) Establishes mood/atmosphere

3) Empathy; connection to text

Process Analysis

1) Explains how something works

2) Clear and logical

3) Proper transitions

4) Concise verbs

Causal Analysis

1) Cause leads to an effect

2) Effect that results from a cause

3) Needs logic

4) “Why” in the title

Identify the Modes

Causal Analysis

What Causal Analysis Does:• Focuses on explanations

• Shows a connection between a situation and its cause or effect

• Answers the question: 1) “Why did this happen?”

OR 2) “What will this do?”

Explanation of CAUSE

Prediction of EFFECT

Causal Analysis: When & how to Use

When to use:• Trying to explain WHY

something happened

• Trying to predict the likely results if an event does or does not occur

How to use:• Know the difference

between necessary, sufficient, and contributory cause

• Make your purpose clear

• Be modest in your choice of subject

• Concentrate on immediate rather than remote cause

• Don’t be arrogant about cause

• Use common sense in asserting cause

Cause Situation Effect

Causal Analysis: When & how to UseHow to use:• Know the difference between necessary, sufficient,

and contributory cause

Necessary Cause: • must be present for the

effect to occur • But, it alone cannot make

the effect occur

• EX: Irrigation is necessary for a crop of good grapes, but irrigation alone will not cause a good crop.

What else is necessary?

Causal Analysis: When & how to UseHow to use:• Know the difference between necessary, sufficient,

and contributory cause

Sufficient Cause: • can produce a given effect

by itself.

• EX: An empty gas tank can keep a car from running even though other problems may be present.

List three other “Sufficient” causes:

   1.

   2.

   3.

Causal Analysis: When & how to UseHow to use:• Know the difference between necessary, sufficient,

and contributory cause

Contibutory Cause: • Might produce an effect but

cannot produce the effect by itself

• EX: Vitamin E may help a long distance runner win a race, but cannot by itself determine the performance of a runner who got a bad start, didn’t train well, etc. The runner may also win the race without the help of Vitamin E.

List three other “contributory” causes:

   1.

   2.

   3.

Causal Analysis: When & how to UseHow to use:• Know the difference between necessary, sufficient,

and contributory cause

• Few causes are “sufficient”; most are merely necessary or contributory

• Do not say: “A vegetarian diet will prevent cancer.”

• Do say: “A vegetarian diet is a contributing factor in preventing cancer.”

• Qualifying statements: “may be”, “is one of the reasons,” “is a major cause,” “is influenced by,”etc.

Causal Analysis Warm-up

CausesList 3 causes for each:

a) Teen Drug use

b) Recent increase in obesity rates

c) Children’s feelings of guilt during a divorce

EffectsList 3 effects that result

from the following:a) Having one’s car

stolen

b) The fear of further terrorist attacks in the US

c) Discovering an infestation of rats in one’s basement

Causal Analysis Assignment 1 (due for Tuesday)

Read: “A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun”

(pgs. 522 – 525)

Do the Following:1) List the author’s reasons that she stated for

carrying a gun; provide the text example, please.

2) State what type of cause she is using (necessary, sufficient or contributory) and explain your reasoning.

3) Identify and explicitly state her thesis.

“A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun”

Most important words paragraph:

Directions: Craft a paragraph that explains the importance of the following words in last night’s assigned reading:

1) Pistol 2) Power 3) Balance 4) Defend 5) Safety

Speed

Dating?!

Homework!

• Complete the AP Language College Board Test on your own by FRIDAY

• Grade based on a) completion of the test with evidence of

annotations b) participation in Friday’s activity

Causal Analysis Assignment 2 (due @ end of hour)

Read: “Coming Into Language” (pgs. 527 - 533)

Do the Following:1) The Facts: #2, #42) The Strategies: #1, #33) The Issues: #5

4) Give 3 examples of this piece being a work of causal analysis…

Define in your own words:

1) Glass ceiling

2) Feminism

3) Status Quo

4) Equality

“The New Feminism”Kate Gubata (pgs. 557 – 559)

“The Farce of Feminism”Rebecca Rubins (pgs. 561 - 563)

Directions: Read each of the articles on feminism written from college students’ p.o.v’s. As you read, list each author’s major points and reasons for supporting or not supporting “feminism”. When finished, give reasons as to how each article falls into the causal analysis mode of organization.

Writing your own Causal Analysis

1) Determine if you will write an explanation of cause, or a prediction of effectCause: Why _____ is unable to _____.

Effect: Doing ______ will ________.

2) Ground Rules! * Thesis must be in the last paragraph * Include an aphorism * Include any previous vocabulary word(s) * Include an inverted sentence * Include at least two examples or anecdotes 3) Final paper: Due on Tuesday, 25 points * No more than 4 paragraphs; no less than 2 * Be sure to use qualifiers, not all inclusive statements * Be aware of necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes!

Must label in your final draft!

  Word P.O.S Definition Synonym or Example

1 Evasive Adj Tending or seeing to escape, avoid, or shirk something

2 Extradite V to give up (an alleged fugitive or criminal) to another state or nation at its request

3 Regenerate V to re-create especially in a better form or condition.

4 Aphorism N a terse saying embodying a general truth, or astute observation

5 Creosote N an oily liquid having a burning taste and a penetrating odor; used mainly as a preservative for wood and as an antiseptic.

6 Primordial Adj pertaining to or existing at or from the very beginning

7 Metamorphose V to change the form or nature of; transform.

8 Feminism N the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.

9 Subservient Adj servile; excessively submissive

10 Marginalize V to place in a position of little importance, influence, or power

AP Lang: Vocab 3:2

AP Test

• Have your completed AP test out• Write your assigned # on your test• Get with the two other people w/same #

• Compare answers; if you CHANGE your answer, highlight your new answer

• Score & Discuss• Record Scores for base