ap review day 1
DESCRIPTION
AP Review day 1. Pull out a writing utensil and clear everything off your desk! . Quiz Time!. Agenda. Quiz Guidance Overview of Period 1. Homework. Comparative Essay If you don’t have one get a study book (or use the packet given you before break) . The AP Exam. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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AP Review day 1Pull out a writing utensil and
clear everything off your desk!
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QUIZ TIME!
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Agenda
• Quiz• Guidance • Overview of Period 1
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Homework• Comparative Essay• If you don’t have one
get a study book (or use the packet given you before break)
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The AP Exam• 70 multiple choice questions–55 minutes
• 3 essays –130 minutes (10 minute reading period)–Always in this order:
A. DBQB. CCOTC. Comparative
– You don’t have to write in that order
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Taking the Exam• Multiple choice comes first– You cannot go back after 55 minutes, or start the
essays early
• Read the questions CAREFULLY– Think– Then, and only then, read the answer choices– Think– Then, and only then, bubble an answer
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Taking the Exam• Answer all questions– No penalty for wrong answers on the multiple
choice– Points awarded on essays whenever they can, no
way to lose points
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Taking the Exam• Plan your essays before you write• ANSWER THE QUESTION– Talk about exactly what it says. Add extra
information only when you intend it to be extra information
• If you don’t know, think. If you still don’t know, answer another question. If you still don’t know, write what you know
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General Essay Tips• ANSWER THE QUESTION
• Check the region and time period carefully• Don’t get cute
ANSWER THE QUESTION!
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PERIOD 1 OVERVIEW Beginning of time--600 BCE
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What You Should Know• Environment• Time
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• Early Human lifestyle • Environment• Roles in society
Paleolithic Age
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• Agriculture • Environmental Impact
Neolithic Revolution
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Neolithic Revolution• What changed after the Neolithic Revolution?– Nomads settlement– Women’s rights– Population growth– Specialization civilization– More work, more disease?
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River Valley Civilizations
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River Valleys• Where?– Mesopotamia– Egypt– India– China
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“River Valley” Mesoamerica
• Predecessors of Mayan and Inca
• Slash and burn, terrace farming• Small semi-settled tribes• Early Mayan city-states
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Common Characteristics• agriculture-based economies• social hierarchies develop• develop religions and cultures• all fall due to invasions
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Major Contrasts• Egypt united, Mesopotamia divided• Break in China much less severe than in other
regions• Indus leaves very little trace on modern
culture• Mesopotamia never again united
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PERIOD 2
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Classical Civilizations• What does it mean to be a “Classical”
civilization• Where are they?– Mediterranean (Greece and Rome)– China (Han)– India (Gupta)
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Political• Expansion and integration– Formation of organized empires– Conquering neighbors
• All form dynasties, bureaucracies– But India internally divided
• Central control declines before the final invasion
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Social• Create complex and formal
social systems– Caste system formalized– Confucian hierarchies in China– Roman bureaucracies and
landowning classes• Patriarchal• Slaves and/or permanent lower
class
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Trade and Contact• Silk Road, Indian Ocean network– Indian Golden Age because of trading
• Cultural diffusion!– Chinese goods and technologies
• Um…Rome connected, too• No interregional connection in Mesoamerica
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Art, Science, Technology• Rome: engineering • India: literature, science and math (numbers,
zero, decimals), medicine and astronomy• China: paper, compass, silk, porcelain
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World Religions
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Animism and Polytheism• Animism: belief in spirits of nature• Polytheisms: various nature and ancestor gods– Think Greek and Roman mythology, or Aztec and
Inca
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Religions• Hinduism– Caste system– Low-caste people like to leave– Makes political organization not
necessary• They follow the rules
– Afterlife – Spiritual/mystical– India
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Religions• Judaism– Monotheism– Based in Canaan– Little global spread (the chosen
people, no missionaries)
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Religions• Confucianism– Respect and relationships• Know your role
– Filial piety (ancestor worship)– China
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Religions• Daoism– Balance– Nature– Spiritual/mystical– China, but not widespread
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Religions• Buddhism– Egalitarian (no caste
system)– Afterlife – Influences China, Korea,
Japan– Monks/monasteries
take land and money, political people don’t like that
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Religions• Christianity– Monotheistic – More equal– Afterlife– Blends with political authority– Originally Judea, then Rome
and everywhere
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Classical: The End
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Late Classical• Collapse• Movements• Interregional Networks– Trade networks continue, though periods of
weakness
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Spread of Religions• Frequently through trade• Missionaries– Christianity, Buddhism (and Islam)
• By political leaders– Christianity (Rome), Buddhism (Ashoka), (Islam)
• Because of bad times – Anything with an afterlife
• Syncretism
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Classical Comparisons• Golden age of civilizations• develop distinct political/social/ religious/
cultural systems• influenced by the end by religious traditions• decline begins before the fall• end due to Germanic/Hun invasions
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Classical Contrasts• less break in China for later time• political systems shift in India and Rome but
not China• China and Rome political constructs, India a
religious construct• China united and centrally directed but Rome
and India diverse empires
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PERIOD 3
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Periodization
• Post-classical Era defined by– Recentralization of power, incorporation or defeat
of nomads– Increasing inter-regional connections• Within the unit, emergence of first true trans-regional
religion and empire
• Major invasions– Muslims: 7th and 8th centuries– Mongols: 13th century
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Muslim World
• Dar al-Islam = Islamic World• Caliphates– Umayyad– Abbasid
• Technological advancements
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Interregional Networks
• There’s more!• Trans-Sahara: Existed before, now large states
arise to control it• Indian Ocean: Muslims expand level of trade,
civilization expands to Indonesia• Silk Roads: Tang and Mongols expand• Innovations– “flying money,” credit, banking, trading posts– In Americas: Aztec markets, Inca “socialism”
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Interregional Networks
• Missionaries• Syncretism• Mongols– Russia– China– Pax Mongolica
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China
• Sui restore, Tang expand• When strong, much influence– Japanese monks/lords reject full Chinese-style
reforms– Vietnam rejects culture, adopts political system
• Neo-Confucianism
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Americas
• Mayan city-states– Polytheism, trade, collapse
• Aztec Empire– Nomads military empire– Conquest for tribute for sacrifice– Economic development
• Inca Empire– Conquest empire– Bureaucratic and connected– Labor tribute – impressive production
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Western Europe
• Medieval Era (Middle Ages)– Feudalism, powerful Church
• Schism• Cities return– Improved agricultural techniques from East– Expansion of trade
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Eastern Europe
• Byzantine Empire– Comparison to China• emperor ordained by god• elaborate bureaucracy• far-flung trading network• cultural life centered on secular traditions (Hellenism,
Confucianism)
• Russia– Copy stuff from Byzantines
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Africa
• Ghana, Mali, Songhay– Gold-salt– King controls trade, profits, builds army, protects
trade– Shift in best mines causes shift in imperial control– Adopt Islam
• Swahili coast– Traded with India– Taken over by Muslim traders
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South Asia
• Delhi Sultanate – Islamic dynasty in India– Attempts to protect traders, then conquer minor
states– Mostly in the north
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Southeast Asia
• Vietnam– Maintains independence from China (mostly)– Uses Chinese bureaucracy to conquer weaker
India-influenced neighbors
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Migrations
• Aztecs: took over• Mongols: took over• Turks: …took over (Abbasids, others formed
the Ottomans)• Vikings: killed things, a cause of feudalism• Arabs: expanded an empire, brought cultural
change
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Plagues and Cities
• Bubonic Plague (Black Death)– Ends manor system• Key difference in Western Europe
– Secularizes Europeans• Cities– Trade cities (Italy, elsewhere)– Economies revolve around bureaucracies
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CCOT ESSAY OVERVIEW
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What is a CCOT essay?
• Change and Continuity Over Time
• Goal:– Test your ability to trace a broad tend or
development over a long period of time. – Looking for the “big picture”
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How to approach
• Will be ask to focus on a region and period of time. – DO NOT DATA DUMP – ANSWER THE QUESTION!!
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CCOT Rubric
1. Thesis2. Address all3. Provide historical evidence4. Uses relevant world historical context
effectively to explain5. Analyzes the process of continuity and
change over time
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CCOT Thesis
• Answer question• Address time and place• Include change and continuity
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Address All
• Answer full question• Talk about changes and continuities– Doesn’t need to be even, equal, or even thorough– Need to have at least one piece of evidence for
both
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Historical Context
• Refer to a global or trans-regional process– Can’t be analysis, but can be evidence
• These things don’t happen in a vacuum. Was it part of the Age of Exploration? The Mongol conquests? Globalization? Who was in dominant at the time?– Connect your answer to something
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Analysis
• Explain WHY a change or continuity happened– Can’t be context, but can be evidence