APAH REVIEWPART II

Mannerism

• •Madonna With the Long Neck

•by Parmigianino, 1535

•Small oval head, long slender neck, long fingers

•Exaggeration

•Consciously ambiguous form and content

Late Gothic

•Arnolfini Wedding

•by Jan Van Eyck

•1434

•Almost every object portrayed sanctity

•Symbolism

•Record to sanctify marriage

•Dog: Fidelity, Shoe: Holy Ground

•Candle= Jesus

Northern Renaissance

•Adam and Eve•by Albrecht Durer, 1504

•Printmaking, engraving

•Human proportions based on Greek sculpture

•Detailed flora, fauna

•Northern symbolism

Baroque in Italy

•Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio

•1600

•Conversion of Levi

•Jesus’s hand like Michelangelo’s Adam

•Piercing ray of light = Divine

•Chiaroscuro

Baroque in Spain

•Las Meninas by Velázquez

•1656

•Artist in studio

•Optical & narrative complexity

•Represented form and shadow

•Tonal graduations: dark to light

Baroque in Flanders/Holland

•The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp by Rembrandt Van Rijn

•1632 •Evenly placed subjects

•Corpse: Diagonally placed and foreshortened

•Student poses and expressions show personality

•Use of light

Baroque in France/England

•Burial of Phocion

•by Poussin, 1648

•Athenian general burial

•Light: Even and revealing

•Landscape is nature subordinated to a rational plan

•Skies untroubled

•Noble classicism

Rococo

•Return from Cythera

•Watteau, 1719 •Fete galante•Feathery brushstrokes•Rubiniste color•Exquisite shades of color•Young lovers, island of eternal youth

Rococo•The Swing by Frangonard

•1766

•Characteristics:

•“Intrigue” picture

•Landscape setting is out of Watteau

•Glowing pastel colors and soft light

•Convey the scene’s sensuality

Later China

•Stalks of Bamboo by a Rock

•Wu Zhen, 1347

•Ink on paper, handscroll

•Style= literati

•plants differentiated

•Abstract patterns in stalks, leaves

•Calligraphic beauty of the strokes combined with calligraphy writing

•Bamboo=symbol of gentleman

Later Japan

•Katsura Imperial Villa

•Kyoto, Japan, c.1650

•Edo period

•Relies on subtleties of proportion, colors, & textures

•Achieves harmony with nature & garden

•Rooms have sliding doorsInterior

Later Japan

•Cuckoo Flying Over New Verdure by Yosa Busan

•Late 18th Century

•Characteristics:

•Fully Mature Style

•Chinese and Japanese literati style by rounding the landscape forms

Later Oceania

•Bisj Poles

•Early to Mid 20th Century

•Characteristics:

•Served as a pledge to avenge a relative’s death

•Head-hunting raid

•Decorated with figures of individuals who have already died

Later North America

•Katsina Figurine by Otto Pentewa

•1959, Hopi Indians

•Supernatural spirits

•Rain bringing deity who wears a mask painted in geometric patterns symbolic of water and agriculture fertility

Later Mesoamerica

•Illuminated page from Borgia Codex

•1400-1500

•Characteristics:

•Two vividly gesticulating gods

•Ritual subjects

•God of life = black Quetzalcoatl

Later South America

•Machu Picchu•15th Century

•One of the world’s most awe-inspiring sights•Inka people= great architects•Fits into landscape•Large cut stones, terraced hillside

Later Africa

•Mbulu-nbulu Reliquary Guardian Figure

•19th Century or Early 20th Century

•Characteristic:

•Severely stylized body said to have repelled evil

•Heads simplified

•Geometric ridges borders

Later Africa

•Seated Couple

•Dogon people, Mali, Africa

•C.1825, wood, 2.5 ft h.

•Shrine or altar

•Gender roles prominent

•Hunter & child bearer

•Sexual body parts prominent

•Conceptual image, abstract

Neoclassicism

•Oath of the Horatii by David -1784

•Conflicts between heart and patriotism

•Men= crisp edges, light & shadow

•Women= softer

•Classical motifs, e.g perspective, arches

Romanticism (Spanish)

•The Third of May 1808 by Goya

•1808

•Use of light to highlight martyred Spanish rebel

•French troops

•Dark sky & church

Romanticism (French)

•Actual historical, tragic event•2 triangles, despair and hope•Emotionally charged•Strong lighting and diagonals•Gericault and abolitionist –anti-slavery

• Raft of the Medusa by Gericault

•1818-1819

Realism

• The Stonebreakers

• 1849• Gustave Courbet• Social commentary• Somber colors, use of

lines• Subject= real life• Workers with dignity

Realism/Pre Impressionism

•Le Dejeuner Sur L’Herbe Luncheon on the Grass

•by Manet, 1863

•Identifiable persons

•Broadly painted the landscape-painterly

•Soft focus, strong contrasts, flattened

•Allusions to previous works/artists, e.g.Giorgione

ImpressionismMoulin de la Galette1876 by Renoir

•Subject= urban leisure

•Informal composition, not centered

•Dappled sunlight

•effects of colors

•Soft brushwork

Post Impressionism

•Starry Night

•by Van Gough, 1889

•Used color to express himself

•Communicated the vastness of the universe

•With the turbulent brush strokes, the color suggests a quiet but persuasive depiction

Post-Impressionism

• Mt Sainte-Victoire• By Cezanne, 1904• Made Impressionism

“durable”

• Order presentation of lines,

• planes, & colors

• Equally stressed bkgrnd & foregrnd

• Juxtaposed colors

• Clearly defined planes

Symbolism

•The Cry (Scream) by Munch

•1893

•Emotionally powerful

•alienation

•Departs significantly from a visual reality

Art Nouveau

•Casa Milá •by Gaudi, 1907

•Architecture as sculpture•Free-form, organic mass

•Expressionistic

•Undulating lines

Fauvism

•Red Room by Matisse

•1908-1909

•Everyday scene= genre scene

•Color = Warmth

•Colors contrast richly and intensely

•Depicts objects in simplified and schematized fashion and flattening out form – no depth

German Expressionism

•Entire scene is distorted- Shattered into fragments

•Colors of severity and brutality of war’s anguish/tragedy

•Member of Die Blaue Reiter

•Like Analytical Cubism

• Fate of the Animals

•by Marc

•1913

Futurism

•Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

•by Boccioni, 1913

•Formal and spatial effects on motion

•Forms integrated w surrounding space

•Nude, powerful, velocity

•Response to Cubism

Suprematism

• Suprematist Composition:• Airplane Flying• By Malevich, 1915• Simple rectangular forms • Pure idealism of forms• Wanted to free art from

burdens of the object• Russian movement

Constructivism

• Monument to 3rd International

• By Tatlin, 1920• Honors 1917 Russian Revo• Abstract art=new society• Iron, glass model• Axis pointed to star Polaris• 3 rotating chambers, ea w/

different purpose & rotation

Precisionism

•My Egypt

•by Charles Demuth

•1927

•Grain elevators reduced to simple geometric forms

•American pyramids?

•Fragmented using Cubism vocabulary

Dadaism•Fountain

•By Marcel Duchamp

•Orig= 1917

•Readymade (urinal)

•Anti-art statement

•“R. Mutt” =Pseudonym

•Changes context of art and challenges viewers

•Intellectual art

Analytic Cubism

• Ma Jolie, 1912• By Pablo Picasso• “My Pretty One”• Shifting browns, grays• Shatters objects into

parts/facets• Rearranged elements• Included letters, words• Co-founded with

Georges Braque

Synthetic Cubism•Still Life With Chair- Caning by Picasso

•1912

•Chair seems real

•Painted and abstract areas don’t refer to tangible objects of the real world

INTERNATIONAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE

• Villa Savoye• By Le Corbusier, France,

1929• “Machine for living”• Boxlike abstract forms of a

house• Lifted off ground by pilotis• 3 floors all related• Machined smooth panels

Organic Architecture

• Robie House• By Frank Lloyd Wright• 1909, Chicago• Emphasis= horizontality• Low roof lines• Japanese aesthetic

influence• Cantilever construction• Free flowing interior spaces

Falling Water, 1939

Surrealism•The Persistence of Memory

•by Dali, 1931

•Allegory of empty space/time

•Vast land, beach

•Attempt to make it convincingly real

American Regionalism

•Nighthawks By Edward Hopper, 1907

•Depression era

•Motion stopped, time suspended

•Evokes loneliness of modern man

Abstract Expressionism

•No. 1

•Lavender Mist

•By Jackson Pollock

•1950

•Splattered, dripped

•Action painting

•All-over painting

• Connects to Surrealism

                                                                    

                                 

•Blue, Orange, and Red by Rothko, 1961

•Spiritual portal

•Interested in the relation between one color and another

•No evidence of brushstrokes

•Stained canvas

Color Field Painting

OP Art

•Three Flags by Jasper Johns

•1958

•Characteristics:

•One of the first to rebel against abstract Expressionism by returning recognizable imagery to art

Pop Art

Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol, 1962Celebrities as commoditiesGarish colors, flat application of paintRight side evokes film stripsSilkscreening

Photorealism

•Big Self Portrait

•By Chuck Close, 1968

•Superrealism

•Based on photographs

•Real, nonflattering

•Methodical, grid approach

•Not interested in providing insight, just visual accuracy

Neo Expressionism

•The Walk Home•By Julian Schnabel, 1985•Mixed media, reaction against conceptual art•Story of king ambushed on “walk home”•Explores gestural abstraction

Post Modernism/Feminist Art•The Dinner Party

• by Judy Chicago, 1979

•A feminist Last Supper

•Intended to interest worship of the female

•Triangle symbolizes woman/goddess

•Invited: Georgia O’Keefe, Virginia Wolfe, Sacagawea, Susan B. Anthony

Earth Art

• Spiral Jetty• By Smithson, 1970• Great Salt Lake• Coil of black basalt,

rocks, earth• Echoes spiral forms • of microbes in lake• Enduring power of

nature

Postmodern Architecture

Portland Building

By Michael Graves, 1980

Block mass with decorated facades

Surface ornament & color have returned to architecture

Deconstructive Architecture

• Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain• By Frank Gehry, 1997• Fragmentation, dislocation• Manipulating surfaces to distort forms• Unpredictable, chaotic