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OVERVIEW OF API 2000

Greg Berdine, Sales Manager

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Agenda

Background

Scope & boundary conditions of standards

Required outbreathing venting capacity

Required inbreathing venting capacity

Sizing and selection example

Emergency case sizing

Production testing

Final notes

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Background

Similar standards in existence

API2000 Has been an industry standard worldwide since being

published in 1952

EN14015

The European Union developed and released this standard

based on industry studies in 2004 ISO28300

Released in 2008 with the intention that it would be adopted

by countries, local regulators, manufacturers, and end users

worldwide, replacing the current API 2000 and EN 14015

documents

The purpose of these standards is to provide guidance to sizing and

selecting venting devices for atmospheric and low pressure storage

tanks

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Background

The API PRS committee has voted to co-brand API2000

6thedition and ISO28300 using the published ISO

document, meaningAPI2000 6thedition is the same as

ISO28300.

The previous Determination of Normal Venting

Requirements section of API 2000 (5thedition) is

included in Appendix A of the 6thedition. Thus the 6th

edition of API 2000 has two methods for determining

normal venting requirements.

The 6thedition of API 2000 was published by Nov.2009

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Venting of Atmospheric and Low-

Pressure Storage Tanks

API STANDARD 2000

6THEDITION, NOVEMBER 2009

ISO28300 (IDENTICAL)Petroleum, petrochemical

and natural gas industriesVenting of

Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

Co-Branded Standard

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Scope

Normal and emergency vapor venting requirements for

aboveground liquid petroleum storage tanks

Covers the causes of overpressure and vacuum, determination

of venting requirements, means of venting, selection and

installation of venting devices, and testing and marking of relief

devices

Can also be applied to tanks containing other liquids; however,

sound engineering analysis and judgment must be used when

applied to tanks containing other liquids

Does NOT apply to external floating roof tanks

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Boundary Conditions Comparison

API 2000 6thedition [main body]

Full vacuum through 15 psig (1.034 barg) Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and

aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks

Fixed roof tanks

No limit on tank volume

Insulation considered for regular and emergency venting

API 2000 6thedition [Appendix A]

Full vacuum through 15 psig (1.034 barg)

Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and

aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks

Fixed roof tanks

Tank volumes up to 180,000 barrels (28,618m3)

No insulation factor considered for regular venting

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NORMAL VENTING:

OUTBREATHING SIZING

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API 2000 6thedition [main body]

Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement

Based on storage temperature and vaporpressure of liquid and input flow rate

Required flow capacity (NCMH) = Pump In(m3/h)

Thermal Effects

Based on installation latitude, tank volume,

and insulation Required flow capacity (NCMH) = Y*VTK

0.9*Ri Y = Latitude factor (from table at right)

VTK= Tank volume (m3)

Ri = Insulation factor (separate formula) if

no insulation use 1 Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Sum of the liquid movement and thermaleffects

Latitude Y

Below 42 0.32

Between 42 and 58 0.25

Above 58 0.2

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API 2000 6thedition [Appendix A]


Fluid Movement

Based on boiling point / flash point of liquid, and input

flow rate Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump In (m3/h) * X

X = Liquid Factor from table at right

Thermal Effects

Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of

liquid

Use table as shown below

Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

Flash / Boiling Point X

Flash Point >= 37.8 C 1.01

Boiling Point >= 148.9 C 1.01

Flash Point < 37.8 C 2.02

Boiling Point < 148.9 C 2.02

O b hi C i

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Outbreathing Comparison

(Total Required Flow Capacity vs. Tank Volume)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

10 16 79 159

318

477

636

795

1590

2385

3180

3975

4770

5565

6359

7154

7949

9539

11129

1271

9

14309

15899

19078

22258

25438

28618

Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

RequiredVentin

gCapacity(NCMH)

API 2000 6th Ed. [main body]

API 2000 6th Ed. [Appendix A]

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Normal Venting: Inbreathing Sizing

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API 2000 6thEdition [main body]

Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement

Based on output flow rate

Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (m3/h)

Thermal Effects

Based on installation latitude, vapor pressure, average storage temperature, tankvolume, and insulation

Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = C*VTK0.7*Ri

C = Latitude / Vapor Pressure / Average Storage Temperature Factor (fromtable at right)

VTK= Tank Volume (m3)

Ri= Insulation Factor (separate formula)

Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity


Latitude C-Factor for Given Conditions

Vapor Pressure Hexane or Similar

Vapor Pressure Higher thanHexane orUnknown

Average Storage Temperature ( C)

25 25

Below 42 4 6.5 6.5 6.5

Between 42and 58 3 5 5 5

Above 58 2.5 4 4 4

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API 2000 6thEdition [Appendix A]


Fluid Movement

Based on boiling point, flash point of liquid, and output

flow rate

Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (BPH) * X

X = Liquid Factor from table at right

Thermal Effects

Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of

liquid

Use table as shown below

Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity


Flash / Boiling Point X

Flash Point >= 37.8 F 0.94

Boiling Point >= 148.9 F 0.94

Flash Point < 37.8 F 0.94

Boiling Point < 148.9 F 0.94

G CO SO

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INBREATHING COMPARISON

(Total Required Flow Capacity vs. Tank Volume)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

10 16 79 159

318

477

636

795

1590

2385

3180

3975

4770

5565

6359

7154

7949

9539

1112

9

1271

9

1430

9

1589

9

1907

8

2225

8

2543

8

2861

8

Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

RequiredVentin

gCapacity(NCMH)

API 2000 6th Ed. [main body]

API 2000 6th Ed. [Appendix A]

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Why is it Necessary to Have so Much Vacuum

Protection?

Typical tank failures happen under vacuum conditions (implosion)

Tank rupture under positive pressure is less frequent due to the

tank being designed properly for this condition

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SELECTION EXAMPLE

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Example Process Conditions

API 650 Vertical Tank (not insulated)

Volume = 12,734 m3

MAWP/MAWV = 20 mbar / -10 mbar

Pump In = 795 m3/h

Pump Out = 1272 m3/h

Texas Installation, Storing Hexane at 15 C Utilize Model 1220A (Vent to Header)

Set Pressure = 10 mbar

Set Vacuum = 5 mbar

*This example was used in a presentation during an ISOWorking Group meeting in Braunschweig, Germany

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Groth Model 1220A Rated Flow Capacities

Set Pressure = 10 mbar, flow at 100%Overpressure

6 = 3,100 NCMH

8 = 4,880 NCMH

10 = 7,960 NCMH

12 = 10,300 NCMH

Set Vacuum = 5 mbar, flow at 100%

Overpressure 6 = 1,450 NCMH

8 = 2,350 NCMH

10 = 3,810 NCMH

12 = 5,390 NCMH

Thus, a tank sized per API2000 Appendix Awould require one (1) 10 Model 1220A while atank sized per API 2000 Main Body wouldrequire two (2) 10 Model 1220A

VALVE SELECTION


Appendix A = 3,089 NCMH

Main Body = 2,407 NCMH


Appendix A = 2,671 NCMH

Main Body = 6,246 NCMH

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Emergency Case Sizing

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Required Emergency Flow Capacity

The sizing for emergency relief valves has NOT CHANGED

Sizing is based on tank volume, flash point / boiling point of

liquid, insulation, latent heat of vaporization, wetted surface

area, design pressure, and temperature of relieving vapor.

One of two methods can be used to calculate requiredemergency flow capacity; one which requires little knowledge

of the process (typically conservative), and one which requires

very detailed knowledge of the process and typically requires

much less flow capacity

d l

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Emergency Venting Guidelines

API 2000 specifies two methods of calculating requiredemergency flow capacity, one method requires detailedknowledge of process while other is used when a lesserdegree of accuracy is tolerable

When determining required emergency flow capacity,full credit may be taken for the flow capacity providedfor normal venting, can also assume no liquid movementin tank

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Production Testing

d i i i

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Production Testing Requirements

All products must be tested for setpressure and seat leakage at the

factory, prior to shipment

Set pressure definition is now included

Seat leakage testing parameters

defined

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Final Notes

Fi l N

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Final Notes

Existing installations WILL NOT be required to

change installed vent valves due to changes in

the standard, however, the API and ISO

committees highly recommend an evaluation

of all installations to determine if they are at

risk.

Fi l N t

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Final Notes

Production testing section was included to identify the tests

that MUST be executed at the factory

Leakage testing is now a required test, Groth has

conducted this test on ALL valves for several years.

Definition of set pressure is now published

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Where do I look?

Where in API 2000 Rev.6 can I find

out what these significant changes

were based on?

A D

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Annex D

A E

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Annex E

A E

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Annex E

A E

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Annex E

Reminder

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Reminder

Groth Corporation nor our competitors

developed the requirements of API2000 Rev.6.,

however as one of the top GLOBAL suppliers ofthis type of equipment, it is up to us to us to be

the regulation experts to our customers.

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