aplikasi gdm2000 dalam ukurdalam ukur kadaster,...

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APLIKASI GDM2000 DALAM UKUR KADASTERDALAM UKUR KADASTER,

PEMETAAN & GIS

Disusun oleh:Anual bin Aziz ([email protected])

Pusat Infrastruktur Data Geospatial Negara (MaCGDI), NRE

K rs s Pengenalan Kepada Geocentric Dat m of Mala siaKursus Pengenalan Kepada Geocentric Datum of Malaysia 2000 (GDM2000)

20 Mei 2009INSTUN, Behrang

i) GPS Positioning and Surveying

The widespread use of GPS has further highlighted the need to adopt geocentric datum in this country.

Implication of GDM2000

Implication on Practice

Position determination using various GPS techniques have been increasingly being practiced for various survey related applications.

The existing GPS networks in Peninsular and East Malaysia which have been strengthened and referenced to the GDM2000 will certainly provide better control for GPS positioning activities carried out by various mapping related agencies.

The new GDM2000 will provide better platform for most GPS positioning li ti i f t f th tapplications in future for the country.

This will encourage the use of GPS as an effective positioning tool without going through the lengthy process of conversion to the old local datums of MRT48 and BT68

The GDM2000 also support the function of Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS Network in the country –MyRTKnet.

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Cont…

GPS Positioning and Surveying


ii) Cadastral Survey

Cassini projection system for the Peninsular is based on several local datums and realized by their published equations and coordinate of their respective State origin



respective State origin.

The existing Cassini projection for cadastral mapping was based on the MRT system referenced to the Modified Everest ellipsoid.

The existing procedure of converting WGS84 coordinates to theircorresponding values in local Cassini system involves severaltransformation steps such as the following:

WGS84 → MRT → RSO → Cassini

The geodetic coordinates of a point determined in GDM2000 (on the GRS80 ellipsoid) using GPS can now be projected directly to their related geocentric Cassini plane coordinate values ( as shown in the next slide)

φ,λ GDM2000 (E,N) Cassini GDM2000

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Cont…Cadastral Survey


LOT 69 – 73 & 86 - 88

MUKIM MERLIMAU

DAERAH JASIN

GDM2000(φ,λ)

Map Projection DAERAH JASIN

NEGERI MELAKA

Tanpa Skala

State Cassini(N,E)GDM2000

Map Projection Formulae

New transformation procedure: GDM2000- Cassini

Geocentric Based Cadastral Control DatabaseCadastral Network Adjustment Based On

Geocentric Datum

iii) Topographical Mapping

The existing map projection used for topographical mapping in Malaysia is the RSO based on the MRT48 and BT68 systems .



The procedure of converting WGS84 coordinates to their correspondingvalues in local RSO system involves several transformation steps such asthe following:

WGS84 → MRT/BT68→ RSO

The introduction of GDM2000 will have a significant effect on the topographical mapping products : the coordinates (shift) of points by up to approximately 200 meters in northeasterly and northwesterly directions for Peninsular and East Malaysia respectivelyPeninsular and East Malaysia, respectively.

φ,λ GDM2000 (E,N) PMRSO/SSRSO GDM2000

Change in coordinates of map features• 1: 50,000 --- 4 mm on the map• 1:10,000 --- 20 mm on the map

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Cont…Topographical Mapping


GDM2000(φ,λ)

Map Projection

PMRSO/ SSRSO(N,E) GDM2000

Map Projection Formulae

New transformation procedure: GDM2000- PMRSO/SSRSO

Photo Control

The comparison between old RSO and geocentric RSO for Peninsular Malaysia

iv) GIS Users

The GDM2000 provides coordinates that are appropriate for applications at all levels and allows the easy integration with other information technologies such as GIS



as GIS.

The future development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is being planned to provide consistent national datasets to users on the same coordinate system, that is GDM2000.

The NSDI will be based on the GDM2000 and all datasets will be supplied to users in GDM2000 coordinates.

Integration of NSDI with other ICT such as GIS and GPS can be done.

The use of GDM2000 will minimise confusion for all users and provide maximum accuracy where precise spatial information is required.

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Cont…GIS Users


M20

00G

DM

The GDM2000 d i hunderpin the

systematic GIS/LIS

applications

v) Navigation Applications

Application of satellite positioning technology in land transportation,maritimenavigation, and aircraft take off and landing control has been practiced widely around the globe



widely around the globe.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which integrates GPS positioning technology, ICT and electronic technology is a new dimension in the modern transportation system .

Integration of GPS positioning technology and electronics charts enable the safety and efficient maritime navigations .

GDM2000 will provide better coordinate system infrastructure which is tibl ith GPS iti i t h l d f i ti li ticompatible with GPS positioning technology used for navigation applications.

This is an advantage of adopting new geocentric datum that will spur the use of GPS for navigation applications in this country.

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Cont…Navigation Applications


Aircraft Take Off and Landing Control

Land Transportation

Maritime Navigation

The user segment of GDM2000 will be:

Government Department Agencies - JUPEM, Land Departments, Planning Department, Local Governments and Municipalities.


Socio Economic Implications

Non-Government Organization- private surveyors

Public.

Government agencies and the private surveyors will be most affected since they directly involve in cadastral survey practice and the main user of the topographical and cadastral mapping products .

Private and public organizations will need to assess both the impact andbenefits of adopting GDM2000 in terms of their current and futurep goperational requirements, financial, administrative and managerial issues.

The adoption of GDM2000 will accommodate the integration of spatialdatasets and consequently will provide better data sharing, handling andmanagement of the related datasets.

The new datum will also encourage consistent or uniform spatial datastandard across the country.

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Kadaster

Penubuhan Jaringan Kawalan KadasterPembangunan Sistem Kadaster Berkoordinat (CoordinatedCadastral System – CCS).Pek. KPUP Bil. 6-1999 & Bil. 5-2002)Peringkat kerja:

Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Utama (10km x 10km).Teknik Statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan.

Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Kedua (5km x 5km).Teknik Statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan.

Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan KetigaUkuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Ketiga 2.5km x 2.5km – kawasan kurang membangun.500 m x 500 m – kawasan membangun.Jejarian, Teknik Kinematik Masa Hakiki - KMH (Real Time Kinematic, RTK).

Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam KadasterPengukuran Semula Titik Asalan (Origin) Kadaster Negeri

Dijalankan dalam bentuk kempen cerapan pada Ogos dan Oktober 2005.Seksyen Geodesi, JUPEM Negeri, Seksyen Topografi Semenanjung Malaysia dan Seksyen Penyelarasan dan Dasar Kadaster.9 titik asalan kadaster dan 1 titik asalan pemetaan (Bkt. Kertau)Menggunakan peralatan GPS berkejituan tinggi dan cerapan GPS pada stesen MASS dan MyRTKnetGPS pada stesen MASS dan MyRTKnet

Pemprosesan menggunakan 2 perisian:TGO (v1.61) Stesen Fort CornwallisBernese (v4.2) stesen asalan lain

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6.00

6.50

Bukit PanauGunung Perak

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

Latit

ud

Gunung Sinyum

Hijau Larut

Bukit Asa

Fort Cornwallis

Gajah Trom

Bukit Kertau

99.50 100.00 100.50 101.00 101.50 102.00 102.50 103.00 103.50 104.00

Longitud

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

Gunung Belumut

Gun Hill

GUNONG SENYUM

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3.60

3.80

2.60

2.80

5.5

6

3.8

4

BEHR6

6.5

6

GETI

RTPJ6

GETI

RTPJBukit Panau

6.5

RTPJ

UUMKARAU

5.8

5.9

6

5.5

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

KLAW

BANT

UPMSKLUG

MERS

2.00

2.20

2.40

Gunung Belumut

4

4.5

5

Gunung Sinyum

GMUS

BEHRKUAN

MARG

3.2

3.4

3.6

Bukit Asa

KKBH

MERUKTPK

5

5.5

Hijau Larut

BABHSELM

GRIK

5

5.5

Gajah Trom

KUAL

JUIP

MARG5

5.5

KUALGRIK

5

5.5

6

GRIK

SGPT

Gunung Perak

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7SGPT

BKPL

BABH

USMPFort Cornwallis

4

4.5

5

BEHRKUAN

101.00 101.20 101.40 101.60 101.80 102.00 102.20 102.40 102.60

2.20

2.40

2.60

Gun Hill

JUML

UTMJJHJY

102.60 102.80 103.00 103.20 103.40 103.60 103.80 104.00 104.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103 103.5 1042.5

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3.5 TLOH PEKN

100.4 100.6 100.8 101 101.2 101.4 101.6 101.82.6

2.8

3

100.5 101 101.5

4

4.5

JUIP

PUPK

100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103

4

4.5

JUIP

100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103

4

4.5

100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5

4

4.5

99.8 99.9 100 100.1 100.2 100.3 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.7

4.8

4.9

5

5.1

BABH

100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103 103.5 104

2.5

3

3.5Bukit Kertau

BEHR

KTPK

TLOH PEKN

KLAW

Koordinat Rujukan Cassini-Soldner dalam GDM2000

Perubahan kepada koordinat asalan titik

NEGERI NAMA STESENKOORDINAT ASALAN

(LAMA)KOORDINAT ASALAN

(BARU)UTARAAN TIMURAN UTARAAN TIMURAN

N.Sembilan & Melaka Gun Hill -948.547 -242.005 0.000 0.000

Selangor Bukit Asa 55960.906 -21759.439 0.000 0.000

Perak Gunung Hijau Larut 133453.669 0 0.000 0.000

Kelantan Bukit Panau (Baru) 9.714 -15.497 0.000 0.000

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Koordinat Rujukan Cassini-Soldner dalam GDM2000

Negeri Nama Stesen

Koordinat Titik-Titik Asalan NegeriGDM2000 Cassini-Soldner

Utaraan TimuranLatitud, (N) Longitud, (E) Utaraan (m)

Timuran (m)

Johor Gunung Belumut 2° 02’ 33.20196” 103° 33’ 39.83730” 0.000 0.000

N.Sembilan & Melaka Gun Hill 2° 42’ 43.63383” 101° 56’ 22.92969” 0.000 0.000

Pahang Gunung Sinyum 3° 42’ 38.69263” 102° 26’ 04.60772” 0.000 0.000

Selangor Bukit Asa 3° 40’ 48.37778” 101° 30’ 24.48581” 0.000 0.000

Terengganu Gunung Gajah Trom 4° 56’ 44.97184” 102° 53’ 37.00496” 0.000 0.000e e gga u Gu u g Gaja o 56 9 8 0 53 3 00 96 0 000 0 000

P.Pinang & S. Perai

Fort Cornwallis 5° 25’ 15.20433” 100° 20’ 40.76024” 0.000 0.000

Kedah & Perlis Gunung Perak 5° 57’ 52.82155” 100° 38’ 10.93860” 0.000 0.000

Perak Gunung Hijau Larut 4° 51’ 32.64488” 100° 48’ 55.47038” 0.000 0.000

Kelantan Bukit Panau (Baru) 5° 53’ 37.07975” 102° 10’ 32.24529” 0.000 0.000

APLIKASI GDM2000 DALAM PEMETAANPerolehan Data Bawaan UdaraP k Titik K l B iPengukuran Titik Kawal BumiPengemaskinian Butiran TopografiPengukuran HidrografiPengukuran bagi pembangunan Pangkalan Data Utiliti

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)

PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMITitik di atas permukaan bumi yang boleh dikenalpasti dengan jelas atasTitik di atas permukaan bumi yang boleh dikenalpasti dengan jelas atas foto udara atau imej satelit yang digunapakai masing-masing untuk penyegitigaan udara atau pembetulan geometri. Titik ini diukur bagi mendapatkan koordinat planimetri dan ketinggiannya.

PratandaProses menanda dan mengukur TKB di lapangan sebelum fotografi udara dijalankan – tiada butiran semulajadi atau buatan boleh dijadikan TKB.PascafotografiProses menanda dan mengukur TKB di lapangan selepas fotografi udara dijalankan.

Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan(sambungan)

PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMIPeralatan

P i & A t GPS t k i

Rekabentuk Jaringan GPS

Penerima & Antenna GPS serta aksesoriNotebookTotal Station dan aksesori

Kaedah UkuranJaringanJejarianT b

Jenis Terabas GPS

Monumen GPSTKB1

Kaedah Jejarian GPS

TerabasPenentududukanTitik Tunggal

Monumen GPS

TKB1

TKB2

TKB3

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PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMIT k ik CTeknik Cerapan

StatikRapid StatikKinematikKinematik Masa Hakiki

PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMISekurang-kurangnya satu Tanda Kawalan Ukur diketahui nilai ketinggian atas ALM.Prosesan GPS (jika tidak menggunakan RTKnet)

Perisian GP Survey TGO SKI dllPerisian GP Survey, TGO, SKI dll.Penyelesaian garis dasarPelarasan jaringan (bagi ukuran secara jaringan GPS)Transformasi koordinat.

Semenanjung: GDM2000 BBST(Semenanjung)Sabah & Sarawak: GDM2000 BBST(Sbh & Swk)

Pelarasan ketinggian:-i B ti i TKU (K t t ± 0 5 )i. Beza tinggi TKU (Ketepatan ± 0.5 m)ii. Ketinggian geoid ( H = h – N )

N = MyGEOID (Ketepatan ± 5 sm)Had perbezaan koordinat (ukuran secara jejarian):

Planimetri < 10 mmKetinggian < 20 mm

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Ops…..

Jangan ke mana-mana, bersambung kembali selepas “break” 5 minit.


PENGGAMBARAN UDARANavigasi PenerbanganNavigasi Penerbangan

Persiapan dan perlaksanaan misi penggambaran udara meliputi semua aspek iaitu perancangan, fotografi udara, pelaporan dan arkib.Perkakasan – tertakluk kpd. Sistem digunapakai.Perisian:- dibahagikan kepada 3 sub-sistem.

Sub-sistem perancangan penerbanganSub-sistem Bawaan Udara (Airborne)Sub-sistem Pelaporan

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PENGGAMBARAN UDARAPenentuan Titik Dedahan Kamera

Menggunakan interpolasi.Masa dedahan ditentukan dengan menghantar denyutan genap dari kamera ke penerima GPS yang managenap dari kamera ke penerima GPS, yang mana merekodkan dengan tepat masa dedahan kamera.Koordinat titik dedahan kamera diinterpolasi di antara epok sebelum dan selepas masa di atas.

GPS menyokong penyegitigaan udaraKelebihan utama: meminimakan keperluan bilangan TKB

Memadai dengan 4 TKB di setiap penjuru blok untuk pelarasan blok.Biasanya JUPEM guna lebih dari 4 sebagai kawalan kejituan.

TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI FOTO UDARA BERBANTU GPS

TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI FOTO UDARA KONVENSIONAL

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CITRAAN SATELIT

TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI CITRAAN SATELIT

TK267201

TK267202

TK272206A

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PENGGAMBARAN UDARA (sambungan)

Sistem Fotografi Udara Berbantu GPS di JUPEMCCNS (Computer Controlled Navigation System)CCNS (Computer Controlled Navigation System)ASCOT (Aerial Survey Control Tool)

Flykin SuiteTRACK’AIR (The Tracker)

SKIPDGS (Direct Georeferencing System – Sistem Georujukan Terus)Georujukan Terus)

ASCOT

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFI

Tujuani Mengautomasikan proses kerja konvensional bagii. Mengautomasikan proses kerja konvensional bagi

pengukuran butiran dan data di lapangan serta proses penyuntingan data topografi ke kaedah digital

ii. Meningkatkan produktiviti dalam kerja-kerja pengumpulan data dan maklumat di lapangan

SistemSub-Sistem Ibu Pejabat TopografiSub-Sistem Cawangan WilayahSub-Sistem Kerjaluar – GPS dll.

Suntingan(Hardcopy)

ALIRAN KERJA PENYUDAHAN PADANG KONVENSIONAL

Digital DataSPD/SPgD

SPgD

Plot Penyudahan

P d

Ibu Pejabat Seksyen

Topografi

Kerja-kerja digitizing/suntingan

Penyudahan Padang(Plane Table)

Ibu Pejabat Seksyen Topografi

(Susunan)

Padang(Hardcopy)

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Aliran Kerja CATMAPSPHOTOGRAMMETRIC

DATABASE- GOTHIC 2D

TOPOGRAPHICDATABASE- GOTHIC 2D

SEKSYEN PENAWANAN DATASEKSYEN PANGKALAN DATANote :

Upgrade GOTHIC Database to 2D and migrate to Seamless DB

Editing to updateEditing to update Topographic DB with

new data from Photogrammetric DB

Topo HQ- Adding data from other sources- Adding Field Instructions- Clipping to 4 using FME GOTHIC to GOTHIC- Translating using FME from GOTHIC to

SHAPE

Editing & Merge with Topographic DB

CATMAPS DBGOTHIC 2D

Topo HQTopo HQ- Translate to Gothic- Editing

VectorRaster

PlotVerification

SEKSYEN TOPOGRAFI

Editing to update Topographic DB with new

data from Photogrammetric DB

Regional Offices- Checking - Distributing Data to Field Parties- Convert into PTS Format

FieldParty

FieldParty

FieldParty

FieldParty

- Updating Features & attribute using survey equipmentsuch as GPS receiver, laser Range Finder, Total Station etc.

Regional Offices- Checking Field updates - Compiling & editing- Convert into Shape File

Legend :MIS Operation (online/wireless)

Send Shape File and PDF File to RO Send Shape File and PDF File to Topo HQ

PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFISub-Sistem Kerjaluar

PERKAKASANRugged Pen Based NotebookGPS Receiver Trimble Pro XRSPDL Rover Radio ModemTrimble Trimax 3 (Base)GPS Software PathFinder Office SoftwareLaser Ranger Finder LTI Impulse & MapStar System

PERISIANMapping & GIS Software for Rugged Notebook - RADIUSTopoPADTotal Station Trimble 3605Pocket PC for Total Station Compaq iPAQ 3950Roll Type Digitizer; dll

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PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFI

DGPS disenggara oleh JLM

LumutKuantanBintulu

LumutKuantanBintulu

MyRTKnet

Taburan dan liputan infrastruktur MyRTKnet fasa 1fasa 1

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MyRTKnet

Perkhidmatan Pembetulan Stesen Rujukan Maya ( VitualPembetulan Stesen Rujukan Maya ( Vitual Reference Station (VRS) Correction)Pembetulan Rujukan Tunggal (Single Base Correction)Pembetulan Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Berasaskan Jaringan(Network Base DGPS Correction)(Network Base DGPS Correction)Data Maya RINEX (Virtual RINEX Data)Data RINEX (RINEX Data)

Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan(sambungan)

Pengukuran HidrografiUkuran sempadan sungai Golok.Ukuran sempadan sungai Golok.Peringkat kerja:

Ukuran kawalan di kedua-dua belah tebing.Teknik statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan.

Ukuran lokasi titik cerapan pengalun gema (echo sounder)

T k ik Ki tik M H kiki KMH (R l TiTeknik Kinematik Masa Hakiki, KMH (Real Time Kinematic, RTK) – tentukan koordinat titik cerapan kedalaman.

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)Pengukuran dan Pembangunan Pangkalan Data Utiliti Bawah Tanah Kebangsaan (PADU)Tanah Kebangsaan (PADU)

Pekeliling KPUP Bil 1 Tahun 2006 – Garis Panduan Mengenai Pemetaan Utiliti Bawah Tanah

7.3 Projections and Coordinate Systems- input, penyimpanan dan pertukaran data- koordinat RSO yang merujuk kepada datum GDM2000

7 3 1 K di k d l di k7.3.1 Koordinat kadaster perlu di tukarCassini-Soldner RSO(PM)

7.3.2 Koordinat pemetaan RSO(M) RSO(PM)RSO(B) RSO(SS)

KESIMPULAN

Pengenalan GDM2000 telah memberikan dimensi baru dalam aktiviti ukur kadaster dan pemetaan di Malaysia umumnya dan JUPEM khJUPEM khasnya. Pelaksanaan GDM2000 telah meningkatkan keupayaan JUPEM untuk mengeluarkan pelbagai produk pemetaan selain peta termasuklah ortofoto, data berdigit dll. bagi memenuhi fungsi JUPEM sebagai pembekal data geospatial asas negara. Pelaksanaan GDM2000 akan menggalakkan penggunaan teknologi penentududukan GPS di negara ini.Datum baru ini akan membolehkan perkongsian data dan p gmaklumat geospatial dilaksanakan dengan lebih baik.

aplikasi gdm2000 dalam ukurdalam ukur kadaster,...

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