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APLIKASI GDM2000 DALAM UKUR KADASTERDALAM UKUR KADASTER,
PEMETAAN & GIS
Disusun oleh:Anual bin Aziz ([email protected])
Pusat Infrastruktur Data Geospatial Negara (MaCGDI), NRE
K rs s Pengenalan Kepada Geocentric Dat m of Mala siaKursus Pengenalan Kepada Geocentric Datum of Malaysia 2000 (GDM2000)
20 Mei 2009INSTUN, Behrang
i) GPS Positioning and Surveying
The widespread use of GPS has further highlighted the need to adopt geocentric datum in this country.
Implication of GDM2000
Implication on Practice
Position determination using various GPS techniques have been increasingly being practiced for various survey related applications.
The existing GPS networks in Peninsular and East Malaysia which have been strengthened and referenced to the GDM2000 will certainly provide better control for GPS positioning activities carried out by various mapping related agencies.
The new GDM2000 will provide better platform for most GPS positioning li ti i f t f th tapplications in future for the country.
This will encourage the use of GPS as an effective positioning tool without going through the lengthy process of conversion to the old local datums of MRT48 and BT68
The GDM2000 also support the function of Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS Network in the country –MyRTKnet.
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Cont…
GPS Positioning and Surveying
Implication on Practice
ii) Cadastral Survey
Cassini projection system for the Peninsular is based on several local datums and realized by their published equations and coordinate of their respective State origin
Implication of GDM2000
Implication on Practice
respective State origin.
The existing Cassini projection for cadastral mapping was based on the MRT system referenced to the Modified Everest ellipsoid.
The existing procedure of converting WGS84 coordinates to theircorresponding values in local Cassini system involves severaltransformation steps such as the following:
WGS84 → MRT → RSO → Cassini
The geodetic coordinates of a point determined in GDM2000 (on the GRS80 ellipsoid) using GPS can now be projected directly to their related geocentric Cassini plane coordinate values ( as shown in the next slide)
φ,λ GDM2000 (E,N) Cassini GDM2000
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Cont…Cadastral Survey
Implication on Practice
LOT 69 – 73 & 86 - 88
MUKIM MERLIMAU
DAERAH JASIN
GDM2000(φ,λ)
Map Projection DAERAH JASIN
NEGERI MELAKA
Tanpa Skala
State Cassini(N,E)GDM2000
Map Projection Formulae
New transformation procedure: GDM2000- Cassini
Geocentric Based Cadastral Control DatabaseCadastral Network Adjustment Based On
Geocentric Datum
iii) Topographical Mapping
The existing map projection used for topographical mapping in Malaysia is the RSO based on the MRT48 and BT68 systems .
Implication of GDM2000
Implication on Practice
The procedure of converting WGS84 coordinates to their correspondingvalues in local RSO system involves several transformation steps such asthe following:
WGS84 → MRT/BT68→ RSO
The introduction of GDM2000 will have a significant effect on the topographical mapping products : the coordinates (shift) of points by up to approximately 200 meters in northeasterly and northwesterly directions for Peninsular and East Malaysia respectivelyPeninsular and East Malaysia, respectively.
φ,λ GDM2000 (E,N) PMRSO/SSRSO GDM2000
Change in coordinates of map features• 1: 50,000 --- 4 mm on the map• 1:10,000 --- 20 mm on the map
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Cont…Topographical Mapping
Implication on Practice
GDM2000(φ,λ)
Map Projection
PMRSO/ SSRSO(N,E) GDM2000
Map Projection Formulae
New transformation procedure: GDM2000- PMRSO/SSRSO
Photo Control
The comparison between old RSO and geocentric RSO for Peninsular Malaysia
iv) GIS Users
The GDM2000 provides coordinates that are appropriate for applications at all levels and allows the easy integration with other information technologies such as GIS
Implication of GDM2000
Implication on Practice
as GIS.
The future development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is being planned to provide consistent national datasets to users on the same coordinate system, that is GDM2000.
The NSDI will be based on the GDM2000 and all datasets will be supplied to users in GDM2000 coordinates.
Integration of NSDI with other ICT such as GIS and GPS can be done.
The use of GDM2000 will minimise confusion for all users and provide maximum accuracy where precise spatial information is required.
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Cont…GIS Users
Implication on Practice
M20
00G
DM
The GDM2000 d i hunderpin the
systematic GIS/LIS
applications
v) Navigation Applications
Application of satellite positioning technology in land transportation,maritimenavigation, and aircraft take off and landing control has been practiced widely around the globe
Implication of GDM2000
Implication on Practice
widely around the globe.
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which integrates GPS positioning technology, ICT and electronic technology is a new dimension in the modern transportation system .
Integration of GPS positioning technology and electronics charts enable the safety and efficient maritime navigations .
GDM2000 will provide better coordinate system infrastructure which is tibl ith GPS iti i t h l d f i ti li ticompatible with GPS positioning technology used for navigation applications.
This is an advantage of adopting new geocentric datum that will spur the use of GPS for navigation applications in this country.
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Cont…Navigation Applications
Implication on Practice
Aircraft Take Off and Landing Control
Land Transportation
Maritime Navigation
The user segment of GDM2000 will be:
Government Department Agencies - JUPEM, Land Departments, Planning Department, Local Governments and Municipalities.
Implication of GDM2000
Socio Economic Implications
Non-Government Organization- private surveyors
Public.
Government agencies and the private surveyors will be most affected since they directly involve in cadastral survey practice and the main user of the topographical and cadastral mapping products .
Private and public organizations will need to assess both the impact andbenefits of adopting GDM2000 in terms of their current and futurep goperational requirements, financial, administrative and managerial issues.
The adoption of GDM2000 will accommodate the integration of spatialdatasets and consequently will provide better data sharing, handling andmanagement of the related datasets.
The new datum will also encourage consistent or uniform spatial datastandard across the country.
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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Kadaster
Penubuhan Jaringan Kawalan KadasterPembangunan Sistem Kadaster Berkoordinat (CoordinatedCadastral System – CCS).Pek. KPUP Bil. 6-1999 & Bil. 5-2002)Peringkat kerja:
Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Utama (10km x 10km).Teknik Statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan.
Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Kedua (5km x 5km).Teknik Statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan.
Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan KetigaUkuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Ketiga 2.5km x 2.5km – kawasan kurang membangun.500 m x 500 m – kawasan membangun.Jejarian, Teknik Kinematik Masa Hakiki - KMH (Real Time Kinematic, RTK).
Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam KadasterPengukuran Semula Titik Asalan (Origin) Kadaster Negeri
Dijalankan dalam bentuk kempen cerapan pada Ogos dan Oktober 2005.Seksyen Geodesi, JUPEM Negeri, Seksyen Topografi Semenanjung Malaysia dan Seksyen Penyelarasan dan Dasar Kadaster.9 titik asalan kadaster dan 1 titik asalan pemetaan (Bkt. Kertau)Menggunakan peralatan GPS berkejituan tinggi dan cerapan GPS pada stesen MASS dan MyRTKnetGPS pada stesen MASS dan MyRTKnet
Pemprosesan menggunakan 2 perisian:TGO (v1.61) Stesen Fort CornwallisBernese (v4.2) stesen asalan lain
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6.00
6.50
Bukit PanauGunung Perak
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
Latit
ud
Gunung Sinyum
Hijau Larut
Bukit Asa
Fort Cornwallis
Gajah Trom
Bukit Kertau
99.50 100.00 100.50 101.00 101.50 102.00 102.50 103.00 103.50 104.00
Longitud
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Gunung Belumut
Gun Hill
GUNONG SENYUM
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3.60
3.80
2.60
2.80
5.5
6
3.8
4
BEHR6
6.5
6
GETI
RTPJ6
GETI
RTPJBukit Panau
6.5
RTPJ
UUMKARAU
5.8
5.9
6
5.5
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
KLAW
BANT
UPMSKLUG
MERS
2.00
2.20
2.40
Gunung Belumut
4
4.5
5
Gunung Sinyum
GMUS
BEHRKUAN
MARG
3.2
3.4
3.6
Bukit Asa
KKBH
MERUKTPK
5
5.5
Hijau Larut
BABHSELM
GRIK
5
5.5
Gajah Trom
KUAL
JUIP
MARG5
5.5
KUALGRIK
5
5.5
6
GRIK
SGPT
Gunung Perak
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7SGPT
BKPL
BABH
USMPFort Cornwallis
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4.5
5
BEHRKUAN
101.00 101.20 101.40 101.60 101.80 102.00 102.20 102.40 102.60
2.20
2.40
2.60
Gun Hill
JUML
UTMJJHJY
102.60 102.80 103.00 103.20 103.40 103.60 103.80 104.00 104.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103 103.5 1042.5
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3.5 TLOH PEKN
100.4 100.6 100.8 101 101.2 101.4 101.6 101.82.6
2.8
3
100.5 101 101.5
4
4.5
JUIP
PUPK
100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103
4
4.5
JUIP
100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103
4
4.5
100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5
4
4.5
99.8 99.9 100 100.1 100.2 100.3 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
BABH
100.5 101 101.5 102 102.5 103 103.5 104
2.5
3
3.5Bukit Kertau
BEHR
KTPK
TLOH PEKN
KLAW
Koordinat Rujukan Cassini-Soldner dalam GDM2000
Perubahan kepada koordinat asalan titik
NEGERI NAMA STESENKOORDINAT ASALAN
(LAMA)KOORDINAT ASALAN
(BARU)UTARAAN TIMURAN UTARAAN TIMURAN
N.Sembilan & Melaka Gun Hill -948.547 -242.005 0.000 0.000
Selangor Bukit Asa 55960.906 -21759.439 0.000 0.000
Perak Gunung Hijau Larut 133453.669 0 0.000 0.000
Kelantan Bukit Panau (Baru) 9.714 -15.497 0.000 0.000
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Koordinat Rujukan Cassini-Soldner dalam GDM2000
Negeri Nama Stesen
Koordinat Titik-Titik Asalan NegeriGDM2000 Cassini-Soldner
Utaraan TimuranLatitud, (N) Longitud, (E) Utaraan (m)
Timuran (m)
Johor Gunung Belumut 2° 02’ 33.20196” 103° 33’ 39.83730” 0.000 0.000
N.Sembilan & Melaka Gun Hill 2° 42’ 43.63383” 101° 56’ 22.92969” 0.000 0.000
Pahang Gunung Sinyum 3° 42’ 38.69263” 102° 26’ 04.60772” 0.000 0.000
Selangor Bukit Asa 3° 40’ 48.37778” 101° 30’ 24.48581” 0.000 0.000
Terengganu Gunung Gajah Trom 4° 56’ 44.97184” 102° 53’ 37.00496” 0.000 0.000e e gga u Gu u g Gaja o 56 9 8 0 53 3 00 96 0 000 0 000
P.Pinang & S. Perai
Fort Cornwallis 5° 25’ 15.20433” 100° 20’ 40.76024” 0.000 0.000
Kedah & Perlis Gunung Perak 5° 57’ 52.82155” 100° 38’ 10.93860” 0.000 0.000
Perak Gunung Hijau Larut 4° 51’ 32.64488” 100° 48’ 55.47038” 0.000 0.000
Kelantan Bukit Panau (Baru) 5° 53’ 37.07975” 102° 10’ 32.24529” 0.000 0.000
APLIKASI GDM2000 DALAM PEMETAANPerolehan Data Bawaan UdaraP k Titik K l B iPengukuran Titik Kawal BumiPengemaskinian Butiran TopografiPengukuran HidrografiPengukuran bagi pembangunan Pangkalan Data Utiliti
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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)
PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMITitik di atas permukaan bumi yang boleh dikenalpasti dengan jelas atasTitik di atas permukaan bumi yang boleh dikenalpasti dengan jelas atas foto udara atau imej satelit yang digunapakai masing-masing untuk penyegitigaan udara atau pembetulan geometri. Titik ini diukur bagi mendapatkan koordinat planimetri dan ketinggiannya.
PratandaProses menanda dan mengukur TKB di lapangan sebelum fotografi udara dijalankan – tiada butiran semulajadi atau buatan boleh dijadikan TKB.PascafotografiProses menanda dan mengukur TKB di lapangan selepas fotografi udara dijalankan.
Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan(sambungan)
PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMIPeralatan
P i & A t GPS t k i
Rekabentuk Jaringan GPS
Penerima & Antenna GPS serta aksesoriNotebookTotal Station dan aksesori
Kaedah UkuranJaringanJejarianT b
Jenis Terabas GPS
Monumen GPSTKB1
Kaedah Jejarian GPS
TerabasPenentududukanTitik Tunggal
Monumen GPS
TKB1
TKB2
TKB3
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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)
PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMIT k ik CTeknik Cerapan
StatikRapid StatikKinematikKinematik Masa Hakiki
PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMISekurang-kurangnya satu Tanda Kawalan Ukur diketahui nilai ketinggian atas ALM.Prosesan GPS (jika tidak menggunakan RTKnet)
Perisian GP Survey TGO SKI dllPerisian GP Survey, TGO, SKI dll.Penyelesaian garis dasarPelarasan jaringan (bagi ukuran secara jaringan GPS)Transformasi koordinat.
Semenanjung: GDM2000 BBST(Semenanjung)Sabah & Sarawak: GDM2000 BBST(Sbh & Swk)
Pelarasan ketinggian:-i B ti i TKU (K t t ± 0 5 )i. Beza tinggi TKU (Ketepatan ± 0.5 m)ii. Ketinggian geoid ( H = h – N )
N = MyGEOID (Ketepatan ± 5 sm)Had perbezaan koordinat (ukuran secara jejarian):
Planimetri < 10 mmKetinggian < 20 mm
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Ops…..
Jangan ke mana-mana, bersambung kembali selepas “break” 5 minit.
Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)
PENGGAMBARAN UDARANavigasi PenerbanganNavigasi Penerbangan
Persiapan dan perlaksanaan misi penggambaran udara meliputi semua aspek iaitu perancangan, fotografi udara, pelaporan dan arkib.Perkakasan – tertakluk kpd. Sistem digunapakai.Perisian:- dibahagikan kepada 3 sub-sistem.
Sub-sistem perancangan penerbanganSub-sistem Bawaan Udara (Airborne)Sub-sistem Pelaporan
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PENGGAMBARAN UDARAPenentuan Titik Dedahan Kamera
Menggunakan interpolasi.Masa dedahan ditentukan dengan menghantar denyutan genap dari kamera ke penerima GPS yang managenap dari kamera ke penerima GPS, yang mana merekodkan dengan tepat masa dedahan kamera.Koordinat titik dedahan kamera diinterpolasi di antara epok sebelum dan selepas masa di atas.
GPS menyokong penyegitigaan udaraKelebihan utama: meminimakan keperluan bilangan TKB
Memadai dengan 4 TKB di setiap penjuru blok untuk pelarasan blok.Biasanya JUPEM guna lebih dari 4 sebagai kawalan kejituan.
TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI FOTO UDARA BERBANTU GPS
TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI FOTO UDARA KONVENSIONAL
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CITRAAN SATELIT
TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI CITRAAN SATELIT
TK267201
TK267202
TK272206A
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PENGGAMBARAN UDARA (sambungan)
Sistem Fotografi Udara Berbantu GPS di JUPEMCCNS (Computer Controlled Navigation System)CCNS (Computer Controlled Navigation System)ASCOT (Aerial Survey Control Tool)
Flykin SuiteTRACK’AIR (The Tracker)
SKIPDGS (Direct Georeferencing System – Sistem Georujukan Terus)Georujukan Terus)
ASCOT
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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFI
Tujuani Mengautomasikan proses kerja konvensional bagii. Mengautomasikan proses kerja konvensional bagi
pengukuran butiran dan data di lapangan serta proses penyuntingan data topografi ke kaedah digital
ii. Meningkatkan produktiviti dalam kerja-kerja pengumpulan data dan maklumat di lapangan
SistemSub-Sistem Ibu Pejabat TopografiSub-Sistem Cawangan WilayahSub-Sistem Kerjaluar – GPS dll.
Suntingan(Hardcopy)
ALIRAN KERJA PENYUDAHAN PADANG KONVENSIONAL
Digital DataSPD/SPgD
SPgD
Plot Penyudahan
P d
Ibu Pejabat Seksyen
Topografi
Kerja-kerja digitizing/suntingan
Penyudahan Padang(Plane Table)
Ibu Pejabat Seksyen Topografi
(Susunan)
Padang(Hardcopy)
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Aliran Kerja CATMAPSPHOTOGRAMMETRIC
DATABASE- GOTHIC 2D
TOPOGRAPHICDATABASE- GOTHIC 2D
SEKSYEN PENAWANAN DATASEKSYEN PANGKALAN DATANote :
Upgrade GOTHIC Database to 2D and migrate to Seamless DB
Editing to updateEditing to update Topographic DB with
new data from Photogrammetric DB
Topo HQ- Adding data from other sources- Adding Field Instructions- Clipping to 4 using FME GOTHIC to GOTHIC- Translating using FME from GOTHIC to
SHAPE
Editing & Merge with Topographic DB
CATMAPS DBGOTHIC 2D
Topo HQTopo HQ- Translate to Gothic- Editing
VectorRaster
PlotVerification
SEKSYEN TOPOGRAFI
Editing to update Topographic DB with new
data from Photogrammetric DB
Regional Offices- Checking - Distributing Data to Field Parties- Convert into PTS Format
FieldParty
FieldParty
FieldParty
FieldParty
- Updating Features & attribute using survey equipmentsuch as GPS receiver, laser Range Finder, Total Station etc.
Regional Offices- Checking Field updates - Compiling & editing- Convert into Shape File
Legend :MIS Operation (online/wireless)
Send Shape File and PDF File to RO Send Shape File and PDF File to Topo HQ
PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFISub-Sistem Kerjaluar
PERKAKASANRugged Pen Based NotebookGPS Receiver Trimble Pro XRSPDL Rover Radio ModemTrimble Trimax 3 (Base)GPS Software PathFinder Office SoftwareLaser Ranger Finder LTI Impulse & MapStar System
PERISIANMapping & GIS Software for Rugged Notebook - RADIUSTopoPADTotal Station Trimble 3605Pocket PC for Total Station Compaq iPAQ 3950Roll Type Digitizer; dll
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PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFI
DGPS disenggara oleh JLM
LumutKuantanBintulu
LumutKuantanBintulu
MyRTKnet
Taburan dan liputan infrastruktur MyRTKnet fasa 1fasa 1
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MyRTKnet
Perkhidmatan Pembetulan Stesen Rujukan Maya ( VitualPembetulan Stesen Rujukan Maya ( Vitual Reference Station (VRS) Correction)Pembetulan Rujukan Tunggal (Single Base Correction)Pembetulan Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Berasaskan Jaringan(Network Base DGPS Correction)(Network Base DGPS Correction)Data Maya RINEX (Virtual RINEX Data)Data RINEX (RINEX Data)
Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan(sambungan)
Pengukuran HidrografiUkuran sempadan sungai Golok.Ukuran sempadan sungai Golok.Peringkat kerja:
Ukuran kawalan di kedua-dua belah tebing.Teknik statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan.
Ukuran lokasi titik cerapan pengalun gema (echo sounder)
T k ik Ki tik M H kiki KMH (R l TiTeknik Kinematik Masa Hakiki, KMH (Real Time Kinematic, RTK) – tentukan koordinat titik cerapan kedalaman.
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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan)Pengukuran dan Pembangunan Pangkalan Data Utiliti Bawah Tanah Kebangsaan (PADU)Tanah Kebangsaan (PADU)
Pekeliling KPUP Bil 1 Tahun 2006 – Garis Panduan Mengenai Pemetaan Utiliti Bawah Tanah
7.3 Projections and Coordinate Systems- input, penyimpanan dan pertukaran data- koordinat RSO yang merujuk kepada datum GDM2000
7 3 1 K di k d l di k7.3.1 Koordinat kadaster perlu di tukarCassini-Soldner RSO(PM)
7.3.2 Koordinat pemetaan RSO(M) RSO(PM)RSO(B) RSO(SS)
KESIMPULAN
Pengenalan GDM2000 telah memberikan dimensi baru dalam aktiviti ukur kadaster dan pemetaan di Malaysia umumnya dan JUPEM khJUPEM khasnya. Pelaksanaan GDM2000 telah meningkatkan keupayaan JUPEM untuk mengeluarkan pelbagai produk pemetaan selain peta termasuklah ortofoto, data berdigit dll. bagi memenuhi fungsi JUPEM sebagai pembekal data geospatial asas negara. Pelaksanaan GDM2000 akan menggalakkan penggunaan teknologi penentududukan GPS di negara ini.Datum baru ini akan membolehkan perkongsian data dan p gmaklumat geospatial dilaksanakan dengan lebih baik.