appendix a detailed project sheets

Appendix A

Detailed project sheets

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Appendix B

Species of plant recorded in study area

Appendix B Plants recorded in the study area

This appendix details the plants recorded in the study area during the current surveys at the three locations where the proposal traverses, or is in close proximity to, native vegetation. The survey sites were:

A – Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP. This site including vegetation mapped as Alluvial Woodland, Shale Plains Woodland, Shale Gravel Transitional Forest and Castlereagh Swamp Woodland.

B - Fairfield Park between Riverview Road and Gordon Street. The vegetation community at this site is mapped as Alluvial Woodland.

C - Long Street Recreation areas between Fairfield Road and Herbert Street. The vegetation community at this site is mapped as Alluvial Woodland.

The remaining sections of the pipeline traverse roads, residential and industrial areas that lack native vegetation or important habitat features. In these area, the proposed pipeline will be laid under the existing road or within a disused pipeline via pipe bursting. Street plantings and other planted species in landscaped areas were not recorded in these areas.

Table C-1 Species of plant recorded in the study area

Survey sites Family Species Common name Native NW Act1

A B C

Acanthaceae Brunoniella australis Blue Trumpet Y ●

Adiantaceae Cheilanthes sieberi Mulga Fern Y ● Alismataceae Sagittaria montevidensis Arrowhead N Class 5 ● Amaranthaceae Alternanthera

philoxeroides Alligator Weed N Class 3 ●

Alliaceae Nothoscordum borbonicum

Onion Weed N ● ●

Anacardiaceae Schinus areira Pepper Tree N ●

Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare Fennel N ● ●

Asclepiadaceae Araujia sericifera Moth Vine N ●

Asparagaceae Asparagus asparagoides Bridal creeper N Class 5 ● ●

Asteraceae Ageratina adenophora Crofton Weed N ●

Bidens pilosa Cobbler's Pegs N ● ● ●

Delairea odorata Cape Ivy N Class 4 ●

Hypochaeris radicata Catsear N ●

Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce N ●

Onopordum acanthium N ●

Osteospermum ecklonis Cape Daisy N ●

Sonchus arvensis Corn sowthistle N Class 5

Basellaceae Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine N Class 4 ● ● ●

Brassicaceae Brassica sp. Mustard Weed N Class 5 ● ●

Cactaceae Opuntia sp. N Class 4 ●

Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Common Chickweed N

Casuarinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana

River Oak Y ● ●

PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF {2116732A/library number to be entered into Properties}-{document number to be entered here}

Page B-2


Page B-3


A B C

Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album Fat Hen N ●

Einadia hastata Berry Saltbush Y ● ● ●

Commelinaceae Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jew N ● ●

Convolvulaceae Dichondra repens Kidney Weed Y ●

Ipomoea indica Blue Morning Glory N Class 4 ● ●

Crassulaceae Bryophyllum tubiflorum N ●

Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant N Class 4 ●

Fabaceae (Faboideae)

Dillwynia floribunda Y

Hardenbergia violacea False Sarsaparilla Y ●

Indigofera australis Y ●

Trifolium sp. N ●

Vicia sativa N ● ●

Fabaceae (Mimosoideae)

Acacia decurrens Black Wattle Y ● ● ●

Acacia linifolia Flax-leaved Wattle Y ●

Acacia saligna Golden Wreath Wattle N ● ●

Fumariaceae Fumaria bastardii Bastards Fumitory N ●

Juncaceae Juncus cognatus N ●

Lamiaceae Plectranthus parviflorus Y ●

Malvaceae Malva sp. Mallow Y ●

Sida rhombifolia Paddy's Lucerne N ● ● ●

Meliaceae Melia azedarach White Cedar Y ●

Moraceae Morus alba White Mulberry N

Myrtaceae Angophora floribunda Rough-barked Apple Y ● ●

Callistemon salignus Willow Bottlebrush Y ●

Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Y ●

Eucalyptus amplifolia Cabbage Gum Y ● ● ●

Eucalyptus crebra Narrow-leaved Ironbark Y ●

Eucalyptus eugenioides Thin-leaved Stringybark Y ●

Eucalyptus fibrosa Red Ironbark Y ● ●

Eucalyptus moluccana Grey Box Y ● ●

Eucalyptus piperita Sydney Peppermint Y ● ●

Eucalyptus robusta2 Swamp Mahogany Y ●

Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum Y ● ●

Melaleuca decora White Feather Honeymyrtle

Y ● ●

Melaleuca nodosa Y ●

Melaleuca styphelioides Prickly-leaved Tea Tree Y ●

Ochnaceae Ochna serrulata Mickey Mouse Plant N ●

Oleaceae Ligustrum lucidum Large-leaved Privet N Class 4 ● ●


Page B-4


A B C

Ligustrum sinense Small-leaved Privet N Class 4 ●

Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata

African Olive N ●

Oxalidaceae Oxalis sp. Y Class 5 ● ●

Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea Y ●

Dianella revoluta Y ●

Pittosporaceae Bursaria spinosa Native Blackthorn Y ●

Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata Lamb's Tongues N ● ● ●

Poaceae Austrodanthonia sp. Wallaby grass Y ●

Avena sp. Y ●

Chloris gayana Rhodes Grass N ●

Cynodon dactylon Common Couch Y ●

Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldtgrass N ● ●

Ehrharta longifolia Annual Veldtgrass N ●

Eragrostis curvula African Lovegrass N ● ● ●

Microlaena stipoides Y ●

Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum N ●

Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu Grass N ● ● ●

Setaria gracilis Slender Pigeon Grass N ● ●

Themeda australis Kangaroo Grass Y ●

Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel N ●

Proteaceae Persoonia pinifolia Pine-leaved Geebung Y ●

Ranunculaceae Clematis glycinoides Headache Vine Y ●

Rosaceae Rubus fruticosus Blackberry complex N Class 4 ●

Salicaceae Salix babylonica Weeping Willow N Class 5 ●

Sapindaceae Cardiospermum grandiflorum

Balloon Vine N Class 4 ● ● ●

Solanaceae Cestrum parqui Green Cestrum N Class 3 ● ● ●

Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn N ●

Solanum nigrum Black-berry Nightshade N ● ● ●

Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium N ●

Verbenaceae Lantana camara Lantana N Class 4 ●

Total 55 20 54

native 20 8 23

non-endemic 35 12 31

% native 36% 40% 43% 1. Noxious Weeds Act 1993:

Class 3 = The plant must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed.

Class 4 = The growth and spread of the plant must be controlled according to the measures specified in a management plan published by the local control authority and the plant may not be sold, propagated or knowingly distributed.

Class 5 = The requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with.

2. Non-endemic or native species likely to be planted.


Page B-5

Appendix C

Species of animal recorded in the study area


Page C-1


Page C-2

Appendix C Species of animal recorded in the study area

This appendix details the animals recorded in the study area during the current surveys at the three locations where the proposal traverses, or is in close proximity to, native vegetation. The survey sites were:

A – Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP. This site including vegetation mapped as Alluvial Woodland, Shale Plains Woodland, Shale Gravel Transitional Forest and Castlereagh Swamp Woodland.

B - Fairfield Park between Riverview Road and Gordon Street. The vegetation community at this site is mapped as Alluvial Woodland.

C - Long Street Recreation areas between Fairfield Road and Herbert Street. The vegetation community at this site is mapped as Alluvial Woodland.

Table X-1 Species of animal recorded in the study area

Survey sites Common Name Scientific Name Observation Type1

TSC Act2

A B C

Mammals

Mastiff-bat Mormopterus sp A (P) ● ●

Eastern False Pipistrelle Falsistrellus tasmaniensis A (P) V ●

Gould's Wattled Bat Chalinolobus gouldii A (C) ● ●

Greater Broad-nosed Bat Scoteanax rueppellii A (P) V ●

Large Forest Bat Vespadelus darlingtoni A (C) ●

Large-footed Myotis Myotis macropus (syn. Myotis adversus)

A (P) V ●

Long-eared bat Nyctophilus sp. A (P) ●

Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula O ●

Native Birds

Pied Currawong Strepera graculina O ●

Galah Cacatua roseicapilla O ●

Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae O ●

Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes O ●

Australian Raven Corvus coronoides O ●

Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca O ●

Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys O ●

Fairy Martin Hirundo ariel O ●

Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena O ●

Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus O ●

Bell Miner Manorina melanophrys O ●

Little Wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera O ●

Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala O ●

Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata O ●

White-plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus penicillatus O ●

Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica O ●


Page C-3

Survey sites Common Name Scientific Name Observation Type1

TSC Act2

A B C

Red-browed Finch Neochmia temporalis O ●

Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius O ● ●

Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio O ●

Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca O ●

Introduced Birds

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis O ●

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus O ●

Common Myna Acridotheres tristis O ●

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris O ●

Reptiles

Eastern Water Dragon Physignathus lesueurii O ●

Eastern Water Skink Eulamprus quoyii O

Amphibians

Brown-striped Frog Limnodynastes peronii W ●

Common Eastern Froglet Crinia signifera W ●

Invertebrates

An introduced snail Bradybaena similaris O ● 1. Observation Type: A (P) = Anabat recording, possible. A (C) = Anabat recording, confident. O = Observed. W = heard call.

2. V = Vulnerable. (Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995).


Page C-4

Results of Microchiropteran bat surveys

Due to limitation in the ability to determine some species of microchiropteran bats from ultrasonic Anabat Bat detection (Anabat II Z-CAIM - Titley Electronics, Ballina) along, calls are noted as being identified as ‘confident’ or ‘possible’. Table D-2 provides a summary of the Anabat Bat detection survey results analysed by Rob Gration of Parsons Brinckerhoff.

Table D-2 Summary of call analysis

Species Fairfield Park, Fairfield Fairfield RWTP site - Taylor Street, Fairfield

Total number of files recorded 140 136

Calls identified to species level 9 19

Percentage of calls positively identified 6.43% 13.97%

Chalinolobus gouldi (Gould's Wattled Bat) 9 8

Vespadelus darlingtoni (Large Forest Bat) - 11

Calls not identified to species level 13 5

Percentage 9.29% 3.68%

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis (Eastern Falsistrellus) or Scoteanax rueppellii (Greater Broad-nosed Bat) 4 0

Chalinolobus gouldi (Goulds Watted Bat) or Mormopterus spp. (Mormopterus sp 4 & 2) 7 5

Nyctophilus spp (Long-eared Bat) or (Myotis macropus) Large footed Myotis 2 0

Unidentified (poor quality or call length) 118 112

Percentage of calls 84.29% 82.35%

Appendix D

Threatened species of plant in the locality

Page D-1

Page D-2

Appendix D: Threatened plants in the locality

This appendix details the threatened species of plant that have either been recorded in the local area, or that have the potential to occur, based on the NPWS Atlas of NSW Wildlife (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007a, searched October 2007) and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Protected Matters Search Tool (searched October 2007Department of the Environment and Water Resources 2007).

Table D-1 Threatened species of plant previously recorded or predicted to occur in the locality Conservation status Family Name Latin Name

TSC Act1 EPBC Act2 ROTAP3

Preferred habitat Potential habitat within the study area

Asclepiadaceae Cynanchum elegans

E1 E 3Ei Occurs from the Gloucester district to the Wollongong area and inland to Mt Dangar where it grows in rainforest gullies, scrub and scree slopes (Harden 1992). This species typically occurs at the ecotone between dry subtropical forest/woodland communities (James 1997; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2002a).

No: There is no rainforest, scrub or scree slopes associated with the vegetation communities remaining in the study area and therefore no potential habitat for this species.

Marsdenia viridiflora ssp. viridiflora (Threatened population)

E2 Occurs in subcoastal and southern Queensland but rarely in NSW with a disjunct occurrence near Sydney. It occurs as scattered plants in remnant woodland and scrub (Harden 2002; NSW Scientific Committee 2000a).

Yes: Although degraded, the patches of remnant vegetation in on the eastern side of Prospect Creek in Fairfield Park, within the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP may provide suitable habitat for the species.

PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Page D-3

Conservation status Family Name Latin Name



Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia multicaulis

E2 Occurs in coastal and tableland districts south from Sydney and the Blue Mountains west along the Murray River to Mathoura where it grows in a variety of habitats including forest, woodland, grassland (Harden 1992), forest, scrub and the edges of watercourses and wetlands. It is a coloniser and typically occurs in damp, disturbed sites (NSW Scientific Committee 2003).

In Western Sydney most sites are closely aligned with the Villawood Soil Series, which is a poorly drained, yellow podsolic extensively permeated with fine, concretionary ironstone (laterite). However, the sites in Hornsby LGA are on the 'Hawkesbury' soil landscape (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007b).

No: The geology in the study area is dominated by tertiary alluvium and therefore lacks suitable habitats for this species.

Convolvulaceae Wilsonia backhousei

V Occurs chiefly in the Sydney district but also common at Jervis Bay (Harden 2000). A salt tolerant species, it is found in intertidal saltmarshes and sometimes on seacliffs (NSW Scientific Committee 2000b).

The Mangrove / Saltmarsh Complex along Duck River provides potential habitat for this species however habitat not within footprint and will not be directly or indirectly impacted.

Epacridaceae Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens

V 2K Occurs in Gosford and Sydney districts where it grows in sclerophyll forest, scrub and swamps on sandstone (Harden 1992), usually in transitional areas where there is a shale influence (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2002b).


Epacridaceae Leucopogon exolasius

V V 2V Restricted chiefly to the Woronora and Grose Rivers and Stokes Creek, Sydney catchments and the Royal National Park. One old record from the Grose River. Grows in woodland on sandstone (Royal Botanic Gardens 2004).

No: The geology in the study area is dominated by Wianamatta shale and tertiary alluvium and therefore lacks suitable habitats for this species.






Dillwynia tenuifolia V V 2Vi Occurs on the Cumberland Plain from the Blue Mountains to Howes Valley area where it grows in dry sclerophyll woodland on sandstone, shale or laterite (Harden 2002). Specifically, occurs within Castlereagh woodlands, particularly in shale gravel transition forest. Associated species include Eucalyptus fibrosa, E. sclerophylla, Melaleuca decora, Daviesia ulicifolia, Dillwynia juniperina and Allocasuarina littoralis (James 1997).



Pultenaea parviflora E1 V 2E Restricted to the Cumberland Plain where it grows in dry sclerophyll forest on Wianamatta shale, laterite or alluvium (Harden 2002). Locally abundant within Castlereagh Ironbark Forest and Shale Gravel Transition Forest on tertiary alluvium or laterised clays. Also occurs in transitional areas where these communities adjoin Castlereagh Scribbly Gum Woodland (James 1997; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2002c).

No: potential habitat for this species may have previously occurred in the Shale Gravel Transition Forest that formerly occurred between the Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, however this remnant is highly modified and lacked a native understorey (currently mown) in which the species may have formerly occurred. The other vegetation communities in the study area are likely to be too poorly drained (too moist) to provide potential habitat for this species.


Pultenaea pedunculata

E1 Restricted to Wianamatta Shales of the Cumberland Plain from Bankstown to Liverpool and on the South Coast in the Southeast Corner Bioregion at Bournda. Grows on a variety of soils in dry sclerophyll forest and disturbed sites (Harden, 1991; NSW Scientific Committee, 1999).

No: the only vegetation within the study area that occurs on suitable soils is the Shale Plains Woodland which is restricted to a small, highly modified patch on North Street at the Fairfield RWTP. This patch is highly modified and lacked a native understorey in which the species may have formerly occurred.






Acacia bynoeana E1 V 3V Occurs south of Dora Creek-Morisset area to Berrima and the Illawarra region and west to the Blue Mountains. It grows mainly in heath and dry sclerophyll forest on sandy soils (Harden 2002). Seems to prefer open, sometimes disturbed sites such as trail margins and recently burnt areas. Typically occurs in association with Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus haemastoma, E. gummifera, E. parramattensis, E. sclerophylla, Banksia serrata and Angophora bakeri (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999a).



Acacia pubescens V V 3Va Restricted to the Sydney Region from Bilpin to the Georges River and also at Woodford where it usually grows in open sclerophyll forest and woodland on Occurs on alluviums, shales and at the intergrade between shales and sandstones. The soils are characteristically gravely soils, often with ironstone. Typically it occurs at the intergrade between shales and sandstones in gravely soils often with ironstones (Harden 2002; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2003).

Yes: The species was recorded in the study area within the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Rd and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford.

Suitable habitat for this species also occurs in the study area in the non-riparian habitats in Fairfield Park, the Long Street Recreation Area and the between the Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP. The surveys were however undertaken during the peak flowering period when the species is prominent and no other populations are considered likely to occur in the study area.

Myrtaceae Callistemon linearifolius

V 2Ri Occurs chiefly from Georges to the Hawkesbury River where it grows in dry sclerophyll forest, open forest, scrubland or woodland on sandstone. Found in damp places, usually in gullies (Fairley & Moore 2002; Harden 2002; Robinson 1994). Within the Sydney region, recent records are limited to the Hornsby Plateau area near the Hawkesbury River (NSW Scientific Committee 1999a).






Myrtaceae Darwinia biflora V V 2Va Occurs from Cheltenham to Hawkesbury River where it grows in heath on sandstone or in the understorey of woodland on shale-capped sandstone ridges (Harden 2002).

No: the study area is located to the south of the known distribution of this species. In addition, the geology in the study area is dominated by tertiary alluvium and therefore lacks suitable habitats for this species.

Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camfieldii

V V 2Vi Occurs from Tomago to the Royal National Park where it grows in coastal shrub heath in sandy soils on sandstone (Harden 2002).


Myrtaceae Leptospermum deanei

V V 2V Only occurs near the watershed of Lane Cove River where it grows on forested slopes (Harden 2002) or lower hill slopes or near creeks on sandy alluvial soil or sand over sandstone.

No: The study area is in the watershed of Lane Cove River and the geology in the study area is dominated by tertiary alluvium and therefore lacks suitable habitats for this species.

Myrtaceae Melaleuca deanei V V 3R Occurs in coastal districts, including western Sydney (e.g. Baulkham Hills, Liverpool shires) from Berowra to Nowra where it grows in wet heath on sandstone and shallow/skeletal soils near streams or perched swamps (Harden 2002; James 1997).


Myrtaceae Syzygium paniculatum

V V 3Ri Occurs between Buladelah and St Georges Basin where it grows in subtropical and littoral rainforest on sandy soils or stabilized dunes near the sea (Harden 2002).

No: There is no rainforest associated with the vegetation communities remaining in the study area and therefore no potential habitat for this species

Orchidaceae Caladenia tessellata E1 V 3V Occurs south of Swansea where it grows on clay loam or sandy soils (Harden 1993). Prefers low open forest with a heathy or sometimes grassy understorey (Bishop 2000). Within NSW, currently known from two disjunct areas; one population near Braidwood on the Southern Tablelands and three populations in the Wyong area on the Central Coast. Previously known also from Sydney and South Coast areas (NSW Scientific Committee 2002a).

No: presumed extinct within western Sydney.





Orchidaceae Cryptostylis hunteriana

V V 3V Occurs south from the Gibraltar Range, chiefly in coastal districts but also extends on to tablelands. Grows in swamp-heath and drier forest on sandy soils on granite & sandstone. Occurs in small, localised colonies most often on the flat plains close to the coast but also known from some mountainous areas growing in moist depressions and swampy habitats (Harden 1993; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999b).

No: Although the species does not appear to have well defined habitat preferences and is known from a range of communities, it is not associated with any of the vegetation communities that occur in the study area.

Orchidaceae Diuris aequalis E1 V 3V Occurs chiefly in the ranges and tablelands from Braidwood to Kanangra and Liverpool where it grows among grass in sclerophyll forest (Harden 1993). It typically occurs on gentle slopes, in gravely clay-loam soil within montane eucalypt forest with a grass or heath understorey (Bishop 2000). Three small populations are known to occur within Kanangra Boyd National Park, other populations are restricted to remnant vegetation within roadsides and agricultural lands (NSW Scientific Committee 2002b).

No: The geology in the study area is dominated by tertiary alluvium and there is a lack of soil types that have developed in situ such as would occur in the gentle slopes in which the species is known to occur. In addition, the study area is north of the known distribution range of the species.

Orchidaceae Genoplesium baueri V 3R Grows in sparse sclerophyll forest and moss gardens over sandstone; from the Hunter Valley to Nowra district (Royal Botanic Gardens 2004).


Orchidaceae Pterostylis saxicola E1 E Known now only from Freemans Reach to Picton district. Grows in Sydney Sandstone Gully Forest in shallow or skeletal soils over sandstone shelves, often near streams (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007b; Harden 1993; James 1997)

No: The geology in the study area is dominated by tertiary alluvium and therefore lacks suitable habitats for this species. In addition, the study area is not within the known distribution range of the species.





Poaceae Bothriochloa biloba V 3V Has a widespread distribution and grows in woodland on poorer soils (Harden 1993). Occurs on basaltic hills and grassland on drainage slopes on a variety of soils in association with Eucalyptus punctata, E. albens, E. camaldulensis E. tereticornis, E. populnea ssp bimbil and Angophora floribunda (DLWC, 2001).


Poaceae Deyeuxia appressa E1 E 2E Known only from two pre-1942 records in the Sydney area off the Georges River, south of Bankstown and Killara, near Hornsby (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007b). Records are from wet habitats (Harden 1993; Sharp & Simon 2002), however given the species hasn’t been seen in over 60 years, almost nothing is known of the species' habitat and ecology .

No: given the species hasn’t been seen in over 60 years it is presumed unlikely to occur in the study area.

Proteaceae Grevillea parviflora ssp. parviflora

V V Mainly known from the Prospect area (but now extinct there) and lower Georges River to Camden, Appin and Cordeaux Dam areas, with a disjunct populations near Putty, Cessnock and Cooranbong. Grows in heath or shrubby woodland in sandy or light clay soils usually over thin shales (Harden 2002; NSW Scientific Committee 1998a).

No: no heath was identified in the study area. Also presumed to be extinct within the study area.

Proteaceae Persoonia nutans E1 E 2Ei Confined to the Cumberland Plain where it grows in Castlereagh Scribbly Gum Woodlands and Agnes Banks Woodlands (Harden 2002; James 1997; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2001).

No: the associated vegetation communities do not occur within the study area.

Persoonia hirsuta E1 E 3Ki Occurs in central coast and central tableland districts where it grows in woodland to dry sclerophyll forest on sandstone (Harden 2002) and rarely shale (NSW Scientific Committee 1998b). Often occurs in areas with clay influence, in the ecotone between shale and sandstone (James 1997).






Rhamnaceae Pomaderris brunnea

V V 2V Confined to the Colo and Upper Nepean Rivers where it grows in open forest (Harden 2000); in western Sydney (Camden to Picton area) known from sandy alluvium on levee and creek banks (James 1997).


Pomaderris prunifolia var. prunifolia

Occurs on rocky slopes, often along creeks (Harden 2000). Within Parramatta, Auburn, Strathfield and Bankstown Local Government Areas, the only recent record of this species is from Rydalmere, where only 3 plants occur (NSW Scientific Committee 1999b).

No: The geology in the study area is dominated by tertiary alluvium and therefore lacks rocky slopes that provide suitable habitats for this species.

Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora var. curviflora

V V Confined to coastal areas around Sydney where it grows on sandstone and laterite soils. It is found between South Maroota, Cowan, Narrabeen, Allambie Heights, Northmead and Kellyville, but its former range extended south to the Parramatta River and Port Jackson region including Five Dock, Bellevue Hill and Manly. Usually occurs in woodland in the transition between shale and sandstone, often on Lucas Heights soil landscape (Harden 2000; James 1997; James et al. 1999; NSW Scientific Committee 1998c).


Thymelaeaceae Pimelea spicata E1 E 3Ei This species occurs in two disjunct areas: in coastal districts from Lansdowne to Shellharbour, and in Cumberland Plain Woodland inland to Penrith. In western Sydney it grows on Wianamatta Shales in Greybox - Ironbark Woodland with Bursaria spinosa and Themeda australis. In the Illawarra, it occurs on well structured clay soils in grassland or open woodland (Harden 2000; James 1997; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2000).

Yes: Although degraded, the patches of remnant vegetation in on the eastern side of Prospect Creek in Fairfield Park, within the Long Street Recreation Area between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP may provide suitable habitat for the species.

Tremandraceae Tetratheca glandulosa

V V 2V Occurs from Mangrove Mountain to the Blue Mountains where it grows in sandy or rocky heath or scrub (Harden 1992).


1. V= Vulnerable, E1 = Endangered; E2= Endangered Population, E4 = Extinct (Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995); 2. V = Vulnerable, E = Endangered (Environment Protection and Biodiversity, X = Extinct Conservation Act 1999)



3. ROTAP (Rare or Threatened Australian Plants, Briggs and Leigh 1996) is a conservation rating for Australian plants. Codes are: 1 Species only known from one collection 2 Species with a geographic range of less than 100km in Australia 3 Species with a geographic range of more than 100km in Australia X Species presumed extinct; no new collections for at least 50 years E Endangered species at risk of disappearing from the wild state if present land use and other causal factors continue to operate V Vulnerable species at risk of long-term disappearance through continued depletion. R Rare, but not currently considered to be endangered. K Poorly known species that are suspected to be threatened. C Known to be represented within a conserved area. a At least 1,000 plants are known to occur within a conservation reserve(s). i Less than 1,000 plants are known to occur within a conservation reserve(s). - The reserved population size is unknown. t The total known population is reserved. + The species has a natural occurrence overseas.

Appendix D References

Bishop, T 2000, Field guide to the orchids of New South Wales and Victoria, Second edn, University of New South Wales Press Ltd. Pty., Sydney. Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007a, Atlas of NSW Wildlife, Department of Environment and Conservation. ——— 2007b, Threatened species, populations and ecological communities, NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, 2006, <http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx>. Department of the Environment and Water Resources 2007, Protected Matters Search Tool, Department of the Environment and Water Resources, <http://www.deh.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html >. Fairley, A & Moore, P 2002, Native plants of the Sydney district. An identification guide, Revised Edition edn, Kangaroo Press, Sydney. Harden, G 1992, Flora of New South Wales Volume 3, University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington. ——— 1993, Flora of New South Wales Volume 4, University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington. ——— 2000, Flora of New South Wales Volume 1 (Revised Edition), University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington. ——— 2002, Flora of New South Wales Volume 2 (Revised Edition), 2nd edn, vol. 2, University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington. James, T 1997, Urban bushland biodiversity survey. Native flora in western Sydney., NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. James, T, McDougall, L & Benson, D 1999, Rare bushland plants of western Sydney, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999a, Acacia bynoeana threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999b, Terms of licence under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. Appendix B of the Integrated Forestry Operations Approval for the Upper North East Region., <http://www.racac.nsw.gov.au/rfa/ifoa.shtml#une>. ——— 2000, Pimelea spicata threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2001, Persoonia nutans threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002a, Cynanchum elegans threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.


http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx%3E

http://www.deh.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html

http://www.racac.nsw.gov.au/rfa/ifoa.shtml#une>

——— 2002b, Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002c, Pultenaea parviflora threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2003, Acacia pubescens threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. NSW Scientific Committee 1998a, Final determination to list Grevillea parvilfora ssp. parviflora as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1998b, Final determination to list Persoonia hirsuta as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1998c, Final determination to list Pimelea curviflora var curviflora as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999a, Final determination to list Callistemon linearifolius as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999b, Final determination to list Pomaderris prunifolia as an endangered population in the Parramatta, Auburn, Strathfield and Bankstown Local Government Areas., NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2000a, Final determination to list Marsdenia viridiflroa ssp. viridiflora as an endangered population in the Bankstown, Blacktown, Camden, Campbelltown, Fairfield, Holroyd, Liverpool and Penrith local government areas, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2000b, Final determination to list Wilsonia Backhousei as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002a, Final determination to list Caladenia tessellata as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002b, Final determination to list the Diuris aequalis as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2003, Final determination to list Wahlenbergia multicaulis as an endangered population in the local government areas of Auburn, Bankstown, Baulkham Hills, Canterbury, Hornsby, Parramatta and Strathfield., NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. Robinson, L 1994, Field guide to the native plants of Sydney, Kangaroo Press, Sydney. Royal Botanic Gardens 2004, PlantNet - The Plant Information Network System of Botanic Gardens Trust (version 2.0), Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Sharp, D & Simon, BK 2002, AusGrass: Grasses of Australia, CD-ROM, Version 1.0, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, and Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland.


Appendix E

Threatened species of animal in the locality

PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Page E-1

Appendix E: Threatened animals in the locality

This appendix details the threatened species of animal that have either been recorded in the local area, or that have the potential to occur, based on the Atlas of NSW Wildlife (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007a, searched October 2007) and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Protected Matters Search Tool (searched October 2007Department of the Environment and Water Resources 2007). Records of ray-fin fishes, migratory marine birds and other listed marine species from the Protected Matters Search Tool (Department of the Environment and Water Resources 2007) were not considered for this assessment.

Table E-1 Threatened species of animal previously recorded or predicted to occur in the locality

Common Name Latin Name TSC Act1 EPBC Act2 Habitat Potential habitat

Mammals

Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus V Found in a range of habitats from rainforest through sclerophyll forest to tree heath. It feeds largely on the nectar and pollen of banksias, eucalypts and bottlebrushes and sometimes soft fruits. It nests in very small tree holes, between the wood and bark of a tree, abandoned birds nests and shredded bark in the fork of trees (Turner & Ward 1995).

No: Remnant vegetation in the study area lacks the diversity of flowering species to provide year-round feed resources.

Large-eared Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri V V Occurs in moderately wooded habitats and roosts in caves, mine tunnels and the abandoned, bottle-shaped mud nests of Fairy Martins. Thought to forage below the forest canopy for small flying insects (Churchill 1998).

Yes: Remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, within the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP may provide suitable habitat for the species.

Spotted-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus V E In NSW, Spotted-tailed Quoll occurs on both sides of the Great Dividing Range and north-east NSW represents a national stronghold (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999b). Occurs in wide range of forest types, although appears to prefer moist sclerophyll and rainforest forest types, and riparian habitat. Most common in large unfragmented patches of forest. It has also been recorded from dry sclerophyll forest, open woodland and coastal heathland, and despite its occurrence in riparian areas, it also ranges over dry ridges. Nests in rock caves and hollow logs or trees. Feeds on a variety of prey including birds, terrestrial and arboreal mammals, small macropods, reptiles and arthropods (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999c, 1999b).

No: Remnant habitats within the study area are highly fragmented and too modified to sustain a local population of Spotted-tailed Quoll. The study area is also isolated from large areas of forest where the species is likely to occur.



Eastern False Pipistrelle

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis

V Usually roosts in tree hollows in higher rainfall forests. Sometimes found in caves (Jenolan area) and abandoned buildings. Forages within the canopy of dry sclerophyll forest. It prefers wet habitats where trees are more than 20 metres high (Churchill 1998).

Yes: Remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, within the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP may provide suitable habitat for the species. Possible call recorded Fairfield Park (see Appendix A).

Eastern Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii V Usually found in well timbered valleys where it forages on small insects above the canopy. Roosts in caves, old mines, stormwater channels and sometimes buildings and often return to a particular nursery cave each year (Churchill 1998).


Eastern Freetail-bat Mormopterus norfolkensis

V Thought to live in sclerophyll forest and woodland. Small colonies have been found in tree hollows or under loose bark. It feeds on insects above the forest canopy or in clearings at the forest edge (Churchill 1998).


Large-footed Myotis Myotis adversus V Colonies occur in caves, mines, tunnels, under bridges and buildings. Colonies always occur close to bodies of water where this species feeds on aquatic insects (Churchill 1998).


Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby

Petrogale penicillata E1 V Occurs in inland and sub-coastal south eastern Australia where it inhabits rock slopes. It has a preference for rocks which receive sunlight for a considerable part of the day. Windblown caves, rock cracks or tumbled boulders are used for shelter. Occur in small groups or "colonies" each usually separated by hundreds of metres (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2003d).

No: There are no rock slopes within the study area. Presumed to be extinct within the locality.

Koala Phascolarctos cinereus V Found in sclerophyll forest. Throughout New South Wales, Koalas have been observed to feed on the leaves of approximately 70 species of eucalypt and 30 non-eucalypt species. However, in any one area, Koalas will feed almost exclusively on a small number of preferred species. The preferred tree species vary widely on a regional and local basis. (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999d, 2003c).

No: Remnant habitats within the study area are highly fragmented and too modified to sustain a local population of Koala. The study area is also isolated from large areas of forest where the species is likely to occur.



Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus V V Disjunct distribution along coastal south-east Australia from near Gladstone in Queensland, to south-west Victoria and in Tasmania. Found from sea level up to 1500 metres in altitude generally in areas with rainfall greater than 760 millimetres. In NSW, it is found throughout coastal and subcoastal areas. Occurs in a range of habitats: coastal forest and woodland with a moderately dense heathy understorey, dense coastal scrubs or heath, wet and dry sclerophyll forest and sub-tropical, warm temperate and cool temperate rainforest of the eastern slopes and highlands. Often associated with gullies and forest ecotones. Open areas are used for foraging while areas of dense groundcover or understorey provide areas for shelter and protection from predators. Relatively thick ground cover is a major habitat requirement and it seems to prefer areas with light sandy soils. Feeds at dusk on roots, tubers, fungi, insects and their larvae and other soft bodied animals in the soil. Moves up and down slope as food resources become seasonally available (Johnston 1995; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999b).

No: Remnant habitats within the study area are highly fragmented and too modified to sustain a local population of Long-nosed Potoroo. The study area is also isolated from large areas of forest where the species is likely to occur.

Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus V V Occurs in subtropical and temperate rainforests, tall sclerophyll forests and woodlands, heaths and swamps. Urban gardens and cultivated fruit crops also provide habitat for this species. Feeds on the flowers and nectar of eucalypts and native fruits including lilly pillies. It roosts in the branches of large trees in forests or mangroves (Churchill 1998; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2001b).

Yes: likely to forage within the remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, within the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP.

No roost sites known from within the study area.

Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat

Saccolaimus flaviventris

V Occurs in eucalypt forest where it feeds above the canopy and in mallee or open country where it feeds closer to the ground. Generally a solitary species but sometimes found in colonies of up to 10. It roosts in tree hollows. Thought to be a migratory species (Churchill 1998).




Greater Broad-nosed Bat

Scoteanax rueppellii V The preferred hunting areas of this species include tree-lined creeks and the ecotone of woodlands and cleared paddocks but it may also forage in rainforest. Typically it forages at a height of 3-6 metres but may fly as low as one metre above the surface of a creek. It feeds on beetles, other large, slow-flying insects and small vertebrates. It generally roosts in tree hollows but has also been found in the roof spaces of old buildings (Churchill 1998).


Birds

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus V Occurs in shallow, vegetated freshwater or brackish swamps. Requires permanent wetlands with tall dense vegetation, particularly bulrushes and spikerushes. When breeding, pairs are found in areas with a mixture of tall and short sedges but will also feed in more open territory. (Garnett & Crowley 2000; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2002d).

Prospect Creek within the Long Street Recreation Area and Fairfield Park may provide marginal habitat. These sites however are likely to be too small disturbed and subject to predation from domestic cats and dogs to support viable populations of Australasian Bittern. In addition these habitats are not within footprint and will not be directly or indirectly impacted.

Bush Stone-curlew Burhinus grallarius E1 Require sparsely grassed, lightly timbered, open forest of woodland. In southern Australia they often occur where there is a well structured litter layer and fallen timber debris. Feed on a range of invertebrates and small vertebrates, as well as seeds and shoots (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999e, 2003a).

No: Remnant habitats within the study area are highly fragmented and lack the well structured litter layer and fallen timber debris preferred by this species.

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris V M Generally a coastal species found on tidal mudflats and sandy ocean shores. A migratory species visiting Australian waters between September and March (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

May occur in the mangrove woodland and associated mudflats in Duck River however habitat not within footprint and will not be directly or indirectly impacted.

Gang-gang Cockatoo Callocephalon fimbriatum

V Occurs in wetter forests and woodland from sea level to an altitude over 2000 metres, timbered foothills and valleys, coastal scrubs, farmlands and suburban gardens (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

Yes: Remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, within the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP may provide marginal habitat for the species.



Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami

V Occurs in eucalypt woodland and forest with Casuarina/Allocasuarina spp. Characteristically inhabits forests on sites with low soil nutrient status, reflecting the distribution of key Allocasuarina species. The drier forest types with intact and less rugged landscapes are preferred by the species. Nests in tree hollows (Garnett & Crowley 2000; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999g).

No: dependant on stands of Allocasuarina / Casuarina for feed which are largely absent from the study area.

Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

V M Entirely coastal in NSW foraging on intertidal sand and mudflats in estuaries, and roosting during high tide on sand beaches or rocky shores. A migratory species it is found in New South Wales generally during the summer months (Pizzey & Knight 1997).


Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis V Usually found in dense vegetation in and fringing streams, swamps, tidal creeks and mudflats, particularly amongst swamp she-oaks and mangroves. Feeds on aquatic fauna along streams, in estuaries and beside billabongs and pools. Breeding occurs in summer in secluded places in densely vegetated wetlands. It nests in trees that overhang the water (Garnett & Crowley 2000; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2002d).




Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor E1 EM Breeding occurs in Tasmania, majority migrates to mainland Australia in autumn, over-wintering, particularly in Victoria and central and eastern NSW, but also south-eastern Queensland as far north as Duaringa. Until recently it was believed that in New South Wales, swift parrots forage mostly in the western slopes region along the inland slopes of the Great Dividing Range but are patchily distributed along the north and south coasts including the Sydney region, but new evidence indicates that the forests on the coastal plains from southern to northern NSW are also extremely important. In mainland Australia is semi-nomadic, foraging in flowering eucalypts in eucalypt associations, particularly box-ironbark forests and woodlands. Preference for sites with highly fertile soils where large trees have high nectar production, including along drainage lines and isolated rural or urban remnants, and for sites with flowering Acacia pycnantha, is indicated. Sites used vary from year to year. (Garnett & Crowley 2000),(Swift Parrot Recovery Team 2001).

Yes: May frequent the site for foraging during migration.

Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus V M A migratory species that breeds in the northern hemisphere between June and August. Individuals feed both on exposed mudflats and while wading in water (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999h).


Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa V M A coastal species found on tidal mudflats, swamps, shallow river margins and sewage farms. Also found inland on larger shallow fresh or brackish waters. A migratory species visiting Australia between September and May (Pizzey & Knight 1997).


Black-chinned Honeyeater

Melithreptus gularis gularis

V Found in dry eucalypt woodland particularly those containing ironbark and box. Occurs within areas of annual rainfall between 400-700 mm. Feed on insects, nectar and lerps (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

No: remaining vegetation in the study area is dominated by riparian eucalypt woodland.



Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster

E1 CE, M Orange-bellied Parrot breeds in the south-west of Tasmania and migrates in autumn to spend the winter on the mainland coast of south-eastern South Australia and southern Victoria. Typical winter habitat is saltmarsh and strandline/foredune vegetation communities either on coastlines or coastal lagoons. Spits and islands are favoured but they will turn up anywhere within these coastal regions. The species can be found foraging in weedy areas associated with these coastal habitats or even in totally modified landscapes such as pastures, seed crops and golf courses. Diet mainly comprises seeds and fruits of sedges and salt-tolerant coastal and saltmarsh plants. Occasionally, flowers and stems are eaten. Orange-bellied Parrots are known to forage among flocks of Blue-winged Parrots (Higgins 1999). It is expected that NSW habitats may be being more frequently utilised than observations suggest (Department of Environment and Conservation 2005a).

No: Study area is north of the normal range of the mainland migration of the Orange-bellied Parrot.

Barking Owl Ninox connivens V Occurs in dry sclerophyll woodland. In the south west it is often associated with riparian vegetation while in the south east it generally occurs on forest edges. It nests in large hollows in live eucalypts, often near open country. It feeds on insects in the non-breeding season and on birds and mammals in the breeding season (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

Yes: The remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP may provide habitat for Barking Owl.

Powerful Owl Ninox strenua V A sedentary species with a home range of approximately 1000 hectares it occurs within open eucalypt, casuarina or callitris pine forest and woodland. It often roosts in denser vegetation including rainforest of exotic pine plantations. Generally feeds on medium-sized mammals such as possums and gliders but will also eat birds, flying-foxes, rats and insects. Prey are generally hollow dwelling and require a shrub layer and owls are more often found in areas with more old trees and hollows than average stands (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

No: The remnant vegetation in the study area is too fragmented and lacks the density of hollow bearing trees or stags in which to breed or to support populations of the Powerful Owl’s preferred preys (hollow dwelling mammals).



Osprey Pandion haliaetus V M Generally a coastal species, occurring in estuaries, bays, inlets, islands and surrounding waters, coral atolls, reefs, lagoons, rock cliffs and stacks. Sometimes ascends larger rivers to far inland. Builds nests high in tree, on pylon or on ground on islands. Feeds on fish (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

May occur in the mangrove woodland along Duck River however habitat not within footprint and will not be directly or indirectly impacted.

Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii V V Mainly found in the Riverina where they nest in loose colonies in riparian woodland on River Red Gum. On the inland slopes, Superb Parrots both forage and feed within box woodland, mostly nesting in dead trees (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

No: Study area not within the usual range of this species which is generally restricted to the western side of the Great Dividing Range.

Superb Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus superbus V Occurs in rainforests and fringes, scrubs, mangroves and wooded stream-margins, lantana thickets, isolated figs, pittosporums, lilly pillies and blackberries (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

May utilise mangroves in duck River as foraging habitat however habitat not within footprint and will not be directly or indirectly impacted.

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis

E1 VM Inhabits shallow, vegetated, temporary or infrequently filled wetlands, including where there are trees such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum), E. populnea (Poplar Box) or shrubs such as Muehlenbeckia florulenta (Lignum) or Sarcocornia quinqueflora (Samphire). Feeds at the water's edge and on mudlflats on seeds and invertebrates, including insects, worms, molluscs and crustaceans. Males incubate eggs in a shallow scrape nest (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

May occur in the mangrove woodland along Duck River or in the dammed section of Prospect Creek in the Long Street Recreation Area however habitat not within footprint and will not be directly or indirectly impacted.

Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata V Occurs in a range of eucalypt dominated communities with a grassy understorey including woodland, forest and mallee. Most populations occur on the inland slopes of the dividing range. Feed on seeds, mostly of grasses (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

No: The remnant vegetation communities in the study area lack the abundance and diversity of grasses preferred by Diamond Firetail (groundcovers in the study area are generally dominated by Pennisetum clandestinum or Einadia sp.).

Little Tern Sterna albifrons E1 M A coastal species found along the coast of New South Wales. They nest between the high tide mark and shore vegetation on undisturbed and unvegetated sites near estuaries and adjacent freshwater lakes. They feed on fish taken from inshore waters (Garnett & Crowley 2000).




Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa V M In most years this species appear to be nomadic between ephemeral inland wetlands. In dry years they congregate on permanent wetlands while in wet years they breed prolifically and disperse widely, generally towards the coast. In inland eastern Australia, they generally occur in brackish to hyposaline wetlands that are densely vegetated with Lignum (Muehlenbeckia cunninghamii) within which they build their nests (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

No: the study area lacks suitable large wetlands preferred by the Freckled Duck. Generally more common inland.

Grass Owl Tyto capensis V Typically found in tussock-grasslands but also occur in heathland, swamps, coastal dunes, tree-lined creeks, treeless plains, grassy gaps between trees and crops. Nest on the ground generally under tussocks. They generally feed on rodents but will also eat insects (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

No: the study area is too fragmented to provide suitable ground nesting sites.

Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia E1 EM Occurs mostly in box-ironbark forests and woodland and prefers the wet, fertile sites such as along creek flats, broad river valleys and foothills. Riparian forests with Casuarina cunninghamiana and Amyema cambagei are important for feeding and breeding. Important food trees include Eucalyptus sideroxylon (Mugga Ironbark), E. albens (White Box) , E. melliodora (Yellow Box) and E. leucoxylon (Yellow Gum) (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

Yes: May frequent the site for foraging during migration.

Non-threatened Migratory Birds

Great Egret Ardea alba M Great Egrets occur throughout most of the world. They are common throughout Australia, with the exception of the most arid areas. Great Egrets prefer shallow water, particularly when flowing, but may be seen on any watered area, including damp grasslands. Great Egrets can be seen alone or in small flocks, often with other egret species, and roost at night in groups. In Australia, the breeding season of the Great Egret is normally October to December in the south and March to May in the north. This species breeds in colonies, and often in association with cormorants, ibises and other egrets. (Australian Museum 2003).

May occur along Prospect Creek, particularly in the dammed section in the Long Street Recreation Area, however habitat not within footprint and will not be directly or indirectly impacted.



Cattle Egret Ardea ibis M Subsepecies Ardea ibis coromanda is found across the Indian subcontinent and Asia as far north as Korea and Japan, and in South-east Asia, Papua New Guinea and Australia (McKilligan 2005).

Yes: May occur along Prospect Creek, particularly in the dammed section in the Long Street Recreation Area.

Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii M Occurs in freshwater or brackish wetlands generally near protective vegetation cover. This species feeds on small invertebrates, seeds and vegetation. It migrates to the northern hemisphere to breed (Garnett & Crowley 2000).

Yes: May occur in the mangrove woodland and associated mudflats in Duck River.

White-bellied Sea-Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster M Occurs in coastal areas including islands, estuaries, inlets, large rivers, inland lakes and reservoirs. Builds a huge nest of sticks in tall trees near water, on the ground on islands or on remote coastal cliffs (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

Yes: May forage in Duck River.

White-throated Needletail

Hirundapus caudacutus M Occurs in airspace over forests, woodlands, farmlands, plains, lakes, coasts and towns. Breeds in the northern hemisphere and migrates to Australia in October-April (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

Yes: May frequent the remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP. However, study area not important habitat for the species.

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus M Usually occur in open or lightly timbered areas, often near water. Breed in open areas with friable, often sandy soil, good visibility, convenient perches and often near wetlands. Nests in embankments including creeks, rivers and sand dunes. Insectivorous, most foraging is aerial, in clearings (Higgins 1999).

No: habitat in the study area likely to be too fragmented and modified for Rainbow Bee-eater.

Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis M Occurs in rainforests, eucalypt woodlands, coastal scrubs, damp gullies in rainforest, eucalypt forest and in more open woodland when migrating (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

Yes: May frequent the remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, the Long Street Recreation Area and between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP. However, study area not important habitat for the species.

Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca M Occurs in heavily vegetated gullies, in forests and taller woodlands. During migration it is found in coastal forests, woodlands, mangroves, trees in open country and gardens (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

No: habitat in the study area likely to be too fragmented and modified for Rainbow Satin Flycatcher.



Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva M Prefers sandy, muddy or rocky shores, estuaries and lagoons, reefs, saltmarsh, and or short grass in paddocks and crops. The species is usually coastal, including offshore islands; rarely far inland. Often observed on beaches and mudflats, sand flats and occasionally rock shelves, or where these substrates intermingle; harbours, estuaries and lagoons (Marchant & Higgins 1993).

Yes: May occur in the mangrove woodland and associated mudflats in Duck River.

Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons M Occurs in a range of habitats including the undergrowth of rainforests/wetter eucalypt forests/gullies, monsoon forests paperbarks, sub-inland and coastal scrubs, mangroves, watercourses, parks and gardens. When migrating they may also be recorded on farms, streets and buildings. Migrates to SE Australia in October-April to breed, mostly in or on the coastal side of the Great Dividing Range (Pizzey & Knight 1997).

Yes: May frequent the remnant vegetation in Fairfield Park, the Long Street Recreation Area, between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP or the mangrove woodland along Duck River. However, study area not important habitat for the species.

Reptiles

Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides

E1 V A nocturnal species that occurs in association with communities occurring on Triassic sandstone within the Sydney Basin. Typically found among exposed sandstone outcrops with vegetation types ranging from woodland to heath. Within these habitats they generally use rock crevices and flat exfoliating rock on exposed cliff edges during the cooler months and tree hollows during summer (Webb, J.K. & Shine 1994; Webb, J.K & Shine 1998).

No: geology in the study area is dominated by shale and alluvium and there are no areas of sandstone outcrops to provide the habitats with flat exfoliating rock.

Amphibians



Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus

V V Appears to exist as two distinct populations: a northern population largely confined to the sandstone geology of the Sydney Basin, from Wollemi National Park in the north and extending south to Jervis Bay; and a southern population occurring in disjunct pockets from about Narooma south into eastern Victoria. In the northern population there is a marked preference for sandstone ridgetop habitat and broader upland valleys. The vegetation is typically woodland, open woodland and heath and may be associated with ‘hanging swamp’ seepage lines and where small pools form from the collected water (Cogger 2000; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2001a).

No: geology in the study area is dominated by shale and alluvium and there are no areas of sandstone geology to provide the vegetation association or landforms (hanging swamps) preferred by Giant Burrowing Frog.

Green and Golden Bell Frog

Litoria aurea E1 V Various types of habitat utilised has been documented. For breeding utilises a wide range of waterbodies, including both natural and man-made structures, such as marshes, dams and stream sides, and ephemeral locations that are more often dry than wet. Is found in various small pockets of habitat in otherwise developed areas and has the tendency of often turning up in highly disturbed sites. (Department of Environment and Conservation 2004, 2005b) .

Yes: Known to occur in modified habitats and Prospect Creek in Long Street recreation is the most likely location in the study area where Green and Golden Bell Frog may occur, particularly the dammed section of the creek dominated by rushes with grassed edges.

Potential to also occur in Prospect Creek in Fairfield Park, however the section of the creek within the study area is likely to be too deep and shaded by riparian vegetation.

Although less likely, the species may also occur in the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP.

Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni V V Distributed along the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range from Watagan State Forest near Wyong, south to Buchan in north-eastern Victoria. It appears to be restricted to sandstone woodland and heath communities at mid to high altitude. It forages both in the tree canopy and on the ground, and it has been observed sheltering under rocks on high exposed ridges during summer. It is not known from coastal habitats (NSW Scientific Committee 2000a).

No: Geology in the study area is dominated by shale and alluvium and there are no areas of sandstone geology to provide the vegetation association preferred by the Heath Frog.




Stuttering Frog Mixophyes balbus E1 V Terrestrial species, found in rainforest, Antarctic beech forest or wet sclerophyll forest. The species depends on freshwater streams and riparian vegetation for breeding and habitation. No records are known from riparian habitat that has been disturbed (Cogger 2000; NSW Scientific Committee 2003b).

No: None of the preferred vegetation types occur in the study area. In addition, the riparian habitats in the study area are too highly modified to support this disturbance sensitive species.

Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus E1 E Terrestrial species which occurs in rainforests, antarctic beech or wet sclerophyll forests. Feeds on insects and smaller frogs (Cogger 2000). The species is associated with permanent flowing drainages, from shallow rocky rainforest streams to slow-moving rivers in lowland open forest. It is not known to utilise still water areas (NSW Scientific Committee 1999a). More prevalent at lower altitudes and in larger streams than its congeners, although has been recorded up to 1000 metres asl. (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999b).

No: None of the preferred vegetation types occur in the study area. In addition, the riparian habitats in the study area are too highly modified to support this disturbance sensitive species.

Red-crowned Toadlet Pseudophryne australis V Occurs within 160 km of Sydney where it is restricted to Hawkesbury Sandstone. It breeds in deep grass and debris adjacent to ephemeral drainage lines. When not breeding individuals are found scattered on sandstone ridges under rocks and logs (Cogger 2000).

No: Geology in the study area is dominated by shale and alluvium and there are no areas of sandstone geology to provide the habitat preferred by the Heath Frog.

Invertebrates

Cumberland Plain Land Snail

Meridolum corneovirens

E1 Restricted to the Cumberland Plain and Castlereagh Woodlands of Western Sydney and also along the fringes of River Flat Forest, especially where it meets Cumberland Plain Woodland. It is typically found under logs and other debris, amongst leaf litter and bark around bases of trees. It is also sometimes found under grass clumps and where possible it will burrow into loose soil (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999a).


1. V= Vulnerable, E1 = Endangered; E2= Endangered Population, E4 = Extinct (Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995).

2. V = Vulnerable, E = Endangered, CE = Critically endangered, M = Migratory (Environment Protection and Biodiversity, X = Extinct Conservation Act 1999).


Page E-16

Appendix E References

Australian Museum 2003, Great Egret factsheet, Australian Museum, <http://www.austmus.gov.au/factsheets/great_egret.htm>. Bishop, T 2000, Field guide to the orchids of New South Wales and Victoria, Second edn, University of New South Wales Press Ltd. Pty., Sydney. Churchill, S 1998, Australian Bats, Reed New Holland, Sydney. Cogger, HG 2000, Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, Reed Books, Sydney. Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007a, Atlas of NSW Wildlife, Department of Environment and Conservation. ——— 2007b, Threatened species, populations and ecological communities, NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, 2006, <http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx>. Department of Environment and Conservation 2004, Green and Golden Bell Frog environmental impact assessment guidelines, Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), Hurstville. ——— 2005a, Threatened species, populations and ecological communities, NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, 2006, <http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx>. ——— 2005b, Draft Recovery Plan for the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea), Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), Hurstville, NSW, <http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/green_gold_bell_frog_recoveryplan_draft>. Department of the Environment and Water Resources 2007, Protected Matters Search Tool, Department of the Environment and Water Resources, <http://www.deh.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html >. Fairley, A & Moore, P 2002, Native plants of the Sydney district. An identification guide, Revised Edition edn, Kangaroo Press, Sydney. Garnett, ST & Crowley, GM 2000, The Action Plan for Australian Birds, Environment Australia, Canberra. Harden, G 1992, Flora of New South Wales Volume 3, University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington. ——— 1993, Flora of New South Wales Volume 4, University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington. ——— 2000, Flora of New South Wales Volume 1 (Revised Edition), University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington.

http://www.austmus.gov.au/factsheets/great_egret.htm%3E



http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/green_gold_bell_frog_recoveryplan_draft%3E

http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/green_gold_bell_frog_recoveryplan_draft%3E

http://www.deh.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html


Page E-17

——— 2002, Flora of New South Wales Volume 2 (Revised Edition), 2nd edn, vol. 2, University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Kensington. Higgins, PJ (ed.) 1999, Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbirds, Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbird, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. James, T 1997, Urban bushland biodiversity survey. Native flora in western Sydney., NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. James, T, McDougall, L & Benson, D 1999, Rare bushland plants of western Sydney, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Johnston, PG 1995, 'Long-nosed Potoroo', in R Strahan (ed.), The Mammals of Australia, Reed New Holland, Sydney, pp. 301-2. Marchant, S & Higgins, PJ (eds) 1993, Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings, vol. 2, Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. McKilligan, N 2005, Herons, egrets and bitterns: their biology and conservation in Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999a, Cumberland Plain Large Land Snail threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999b, Terms of licence under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. Appendix B of the Integrated Forestry Operations Approval for the Upper North East Region., <http://www.racac.nsw.gov.au/rfa/ifoa.shtml#une>. ——— 1999c, Spotted-tailed Quoll threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999d, Koala threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999e, Bush Stone-curlew threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999f, Acacia bynoeana threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999g, Glossy Black-cockatoo threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999h, Broad-billed Sandpiper threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2000, Pimelea spicata threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2001a, Giant Burrowing Frog threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.

http://www.racac.nsw.gov.au/rfa/ifoa.shtml#une>


Page E-18

——— 2001b, Grey-headed Flying Fox threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2001c, Persoonia nutans threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002a, Cynanchum elegans threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002b, Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002c, Pultenaea parviflora threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002d, Threatened Species of the Upper North Coast of New South Wales - Fauna, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Northern Directorate, Coffs Harbour. ——— 2003a, Draft Recovery Plan for the Bush Stone-curlew Burhinus grallarius, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2003b, Acacia pubescens threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2003c, Draft Recovery Plan for the Koala, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2003d, Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby Warrumbungles endangered population threatened species information, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. NSW Scientific Committee 1998a, Final determination to list Grevillea parvilfora ssp. parviflora as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1998b, Final determination to list Persoonia hirsuta as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1998c, Final determination to list Pimelea curviflora var curviflora as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999a, Final determination to list the Giant Barred Frog as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999b, Final determination to list Callistemon linearifolius as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 1999c, Final determination to list Pomaderris prunifolia as an endangered population in the Parramatta, Auburn, Strathfield and Bankstown Local Government Areas., NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2000a, Final determination to list Littlejohn's tree Frog as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville.


Page E-19

——— 2000b, Final determination to list Marsdenia viridiflroa ssp. viridiflora as an endangered population in the Bankstown, Blacktown, Camden, Campbelltown, Fairfield, Holroyd, Liverpool and Penrith local government areas, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2000c, Final determination to list Wilsonia Backhousei as a vulnerable species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002a, Final determination to list Caladenia tessellata as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2002b, Final determination to list the Diuris aequalis as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2003a, Final determination to list Wahlenbergia multicaulis as an endangered population in the local government areas of Auburn, Bankstown, Baulkham Hills, Canterbury, Hornsby, Parramatta and Strathfield., NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ——— 2003b, Final determination to list the Stuttering Frog as an endangered species, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. Pizzey, G & Knight, F 1997, Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Angus and Robertson, Sydney. Robinson, L 1994, Field guide to the native plants of Sydney, Kangaroo Press, Sydney. Royal Botanic Gardens 2004, PlantNet - The Plant Information Network System of Botanic Gardens Trust (version 2.0), Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Sharp, D & Simon, BK 2002, AusGrass: Grasses of Australia, CD-ROM, Version 1.0, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, and Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland. Swift Parrot Recovery Team 2001, Swift Parrot Recovery Plan, Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Hobart, <http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/swift-parrot/index.html>. Turner, V & Ward, SJ 1995, 'Eastern Pygmy-possum', in R Strahan (ed.), The Mammals of Australia, Reed New Holland, Sydney, pp. 217-8. Webb, JK & Shine, R 1994, Habitat use by the broad-headed snake, Hoplocephalus bungaroides, Environment Australia, Canberra. ——— 1998, 'Ecological characteristic of an endangered snake species Hoplocephalus bungaroides (Serpentes: Elapidae)', Animal Conservation, vol. 1, pp. 185-93.

http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/swift-parrot/index.html%3E

http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/swift-parrot/index.html%3E

Appendix F

Significance assessments

PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Page F-1

Appendix F Contents

G.1 Endangered ecological communities - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains and Shale Gravel Transition Forest 4

G.1.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to threatened ecological communities under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 4

G.2 Threatened species of plant - Marsdenia viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, Acacia pubescens and Pimelea spicata 6

G.2.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to threatened species and populations of plant under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 8 G.2.2 Significant impact criteria for Acacia pubescens (a vulnerable species) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 9 G.2.3 Significant impact criteria for Pimelea spicata (an endangered species) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 2 1

1

1

1

2

G.3 Threatened species of Microchiroptera 14 G.3.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to threatened species of Microbat under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 5

G.4 Green and Golden Bell Frogs (Litoria aurea) 17 G.4.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to Green and Golden Bell Frogs under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 7 G.4.2 Significant impact criteria for Green and Golden Bell Frogs (a vulnerable species) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 9

G.5 Cumberland Plain Land Snail (Meridolum corneovirens) 22 G.5.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to Cumberland Plain Land Snails under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 2


Appendix F – Significance assessments For threatened biodiversity listed under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, this appendix details the heads of consideration for Threatened species assessment as suggested in the Department of Environment and Conservation/ Department of Primary Industries draft Guidelines for Threatened Species Assessment (Department of Environment and Conservation 2005a). The guidelines present methods to consider the impacts on biodiversity of projects assessed under Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, including presenting heads of consideration for determining the significance of impacts.

For threatened biodiversity listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 significance assessment have been completed in accordance with the EPBC Act Significant Impact Guidelines (Department of the Environment and Heritage 2006).

Threatened biodiversity listed under both the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 have been assessed using both assessment guidelines separately.

Table F-1 provides a summary of the threatened biodiversity for which significance assessments were completed. The following groups of species were assessed in groups because of their similarity of habitats, habits and potential impacts:

Endangered ecological communities

Threatened species of plant

Microchiropteran.

Table F-1 Summary of significance assessments completed

Name TSC Act1 EPBC Act2

Threatened Ecological Communities

River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains E

Shale Gravel Transition Forest E

Threatened plants

Marsdenia viridiflora ssp. viridiflora population in the Bankstown, Blacktown, Camden, Campbelltown, Fairfield, Holroyd, Liverpool and Penrith LGAs

E2

Acacia pubescens V V

Pimelea spicata E1 E

Threatened animals

Eastern False Pipistrelle - Falsistrellus tasmaniensis V

Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat - Saccolaimus flaviventris V

Greater Broad-nosed Bat - Scoteanax rueppellii V

Eastern Freetail-bat - Mormopterus norfolkensis V


Name TSC Act1 EPBC Act2

Large-footed Myotis - Myotis adversus V

Green and Golden Bell Frog – Litoria aurea E V

Cumberland Plain Land Snail - Meridolum corneovirens E

Notes: 1. V= Vulnerable, E1 = Endangered species, E2 = Endangered population, (Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995)

2. V = Vulnerable, E = Endangered (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999)

F.1 Endangered ecological communities - River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains and Shale Gravel Transition Forest Four Threatened ecological communities were identified in the study area of which clearing is proposed in two: River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains (0.5 ha) and Shale Gravel Transition Forest (> 0.1 ha). Both of these communities are listed as Endangered under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. No clearing will be required in the Castlereagh Swamp Woodland along North Street or within the Cumberland Plain Woodland at the Fairfield RWTP.

F.1.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to threatened ecological communities under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community? The proposal will require clearing of 0.5ha River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains at three locations, and a small areas of Shale Gravel Transition Forest (> 0.1ha) at one location (see Sheets 1 and 9 in Appendix A). Table G-2 summaries the extent of clearing required in comparison to the extent of these vegetation communities in the study area.

Table F-2 Extent of Clearing of Threatened ecological communities

Vegetation / ecological community Extent of clearing

required (ha)

Total extent in the study

area (ha)

Percent to be cleared

River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains

0.5 18.9 3 %

Taylor Street to the Fairfield WRTP < 0.1 1.2 8 %

Fairfield Park < 0.3 10.5 3 %

Long Street Recreation Area (includes 0.1 ha of vegetation mapped as canopy cover <10%)

< 0.1 7.2 1 %

Shale Gravel Transition Forest > 0.1 0.5 20 %

Taylor Street to the Fairfield WRTP > 0.1 0.5 20 %

Total vegetation 0.6 19.4 3 %


Between Taylor Street and the Fairfield WRTP the pipeline traverses a small area of Shale Gravel Transition Forest (>0.1ha) on the eastern side of an unnamed drainage line that consists of scattered semi-mature Eucalyptus moluccana and E. tereticornis with a mown (parkland) understorey. On the western side of the unnamed drainage line the pipeline traverse a small area (<0.1) of River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains that consists of regrowth.

Within Fairfield Park, the pipeline will follow an exiting cleared area through the River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains from the McIntosh Street to a car park where a pump our scour valve is marked on Sheets 1 in Appendix A: this section has been excluded from the extent of clearing required. Between this point and Prospect Creek, the alignment traverses an area of River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains maintained for recreation purposes that consists of scattered semi-mature Eucalyptus piperita with a mown understorey. On the Eastern side of Prospect Creek the pipeline traverse another small area (<0.1 ha) of River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains that is currently maintained by a Bushcare program.

Within the Long Street Recreation Area, the pipeline will predominantly follow an exiting cleared area through an area mapped as River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains (see Sheets 9 in Appendix A). This area includes some patches of Acacia decurrens and Allocasuarina glauca regrowth and other scattered trees with canopy cover <10%. However, this area is predominantly maintained (mown) for recreation purposes.

Following the clearing and pipe laying required for the project, all sites will be rehabilitated to their former condition or better. This will include returfing recreational areas or mulching and planting within the patches of native vegetation. As such, the proposal will not result in a significant or long term reduction in the extent of these communities. How is the proposal likely to affect current disturbance regimes? The ecological communities in the study area are highly fragmented and subject to a range of edge effects and a modified disturbance regime. The proposal is unlikely to significantly alter the current disturbance regime.

The vegetation clearing will not result in the introduction of new edge effects. The proposal will not is unlikely to have an impact on the fire regime in the study area. How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity? The small areas of River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains and Shale Gravel Transition Forest that will be cleared as a result of the proposal are unlikely to result in a decrease in connectivity of the ecological community.

Remnant vegetation in the locality is highly fragmented. The proposal is unlikely to create a further barrier to the ecological processes occurring in this community such as pollination and/or seed dispersal by birds, mammals or insects that maintain connectivity. How is the proposal likely to affect critical habitat? Critical habitat refers to those areas of land listed in the Register of Critical Habitat kept by the Director-General of Department of Environment and Climate (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007). Critical habitat is the whole or any part or parts of an area or areas of land comprising the habitat of an endangered species, an endangered population or an endangered ecological community that is critical to the survival of the


species, population or ecological community (Department of Environment and Conservation 2004a).

There is no critical habitat listed for River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains or Shale Gravel Transition Forest, nor are the areas of impact considered to be critical to the survival of any of this ecological community.

Conclusion The proposed upgrade will result in the clearing of a small area of River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains and Shale Gravel Transition Forest. These impacts are unlikely to result in significant impact on ecological community that would threaten its long term survival in the locality.

Recommendations during the detailed design phase may further reduce the extent of clearing required in these communities and mitigation measures will be implemented to rehabilitate the habitats and offset the loss of all mature trees.

F.2 Threatened species of plant - Marsdenia viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, Acacia pubescens and Pimelea spicata Potential habitat was identified for three Threatened species of plant within the study area: Marsdenia viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, Acacia pubescens and Pimelea spicata. None of these species were identified within the areas to be affected by the project; as such no individuals are likely to be directly affected.

M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, A. pubescens and P. spicata all occur in similar habitats in native vegetation in Western Sydney. Potential habitat for these species identified in the study area were the patches of Alluvial woodland, especially on the edges where these patches would have formerly merges into Shale Plains Woodland, between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, in Fairfield Park and in the Long Street Recreation Area.

All potential habitats adjacent to the construction footprint will be fenced off during construction, and rehabilitated following construction, to avoid any indirect or accidental impacts. Marsdenia viridiflora ssp. viridiflora M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora population in the Bankstown, Blacktown, Camden, Campbelltown, Fairfield, Holroyd, Liverpool and Penrith LGAs is a listed endangered population under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.

The species is a climber that is widely distributed and common in sub-coastal and southern Queensland with its southern range in northern NSW where it occurs as scattered plants in remnant woodland and scrub (Harden 2000; NSW Scientific Committee 2000). However, a disjunct population of the species also occurs in western Sydney on the Cumberland Plain (Forster 1995), which is listed under as a Threatened population under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.

Alluvial Woodland between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, in Fairfield Park and within the Long Street Recreation Area (see Figure 3-1) was identified as suitable habitat for the species. No M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora however was identified at these locations.


Acacia pubescens A. pubescens is listed as vulnerable under both the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The species is a small to medium spreading shrub (1–4 metres high) restricted to the Sydney region that flowers in August–October (Benson & McDougall 1996). This species is a clonal species that regularly suckers (i.e. its stems grow from an advantageous root system). Its recruitment is more commonly a result of this vegetative reproduction than from seedlings (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2003a).

A. pubescens has been recorded in a range of vegetation communities in the Cumberland Plain including Shale/ Gravel Transition Forest and Cumberland Plain Woodland (Shale Plains Woodland) (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2003b). The remnant patches of these communities between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, in Fairfield Park, within the Long Street Recreation Area (see Figure 3-1) are suitable habitat for A. pubescens. No A. pubescens however was identified at these locations.

A patch of A. pubescens was identified within the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Road and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford (see Sheet 3 in Appendix A). This patch is will not be directly or indirectly affected by the proposal and is already fenced off as an environmentally sensitive area. In addition, these individuals will not be directly or indirectly impacted by the proposal and their presence and importance will be identified to Alinta Management and their subcontractors within a Construction Environmental Management Plan to ensure they are not inadvertently affected during construction.

Pimelea spicata P. spicata is listed as endangered under both the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The species is an inconspicuous shrub to 50 centimetres high with small white flowers with a pink tinge that may flower at any time; however the peak is generally March–April (Benson & McDougall 2002; Fairley 2004; NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2000; Robinson 1994). Pimelea spicata is known to occur in western Sydney on the Cumberland Plain, and in the Illawarra region. In western Sydney, the species has been recorded in both Shale Hills Woodland and Shale Plains Woodland and is known to occur in disturbed areas and grasslands where native canopy has been cleared.

Alluvial Woodland between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, in Fairfield Park and within the Long Street Recreation Area (see Figure 3-1) were identified as suitable habitat for the species, especially on the edges where these patches would have formerly merges into Shale Plains Woodland prior to clearing. Although surveys were conducted while a known population of P. spicata was in flower within the locality (west of Gipps Rd in Lower Prospect Canal Reserve, Greystanes, inspected on the 12 September 2007), no individuals were identified within the study area.


F.2.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to threatened species and populations of plant under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community? No individuals of M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, A. pubescens or P. spicata were identified in the study area. As such, no individuals of these species are likely to be directly or indirectly impacted by the proposal.

The proposal will however involve clearing of <0.5ha of Alluvial Woodland within the study area which is suitable habitat for Marsdenia viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, Acacia pubescens and Pimelea spicata. This represents three percent of the available habitat within the study area (see Table G-2).

How is the proposal likely to affect current disturbance regimes? The patches of potential habitats for M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, A. pubescens and P. spicata in the study area are highly fragmented and subject to a range of edge effects as a result of past land uses and clearing patters that would have modified the natural disturbance regime. The modified disturbance regimes now consists of infrequent fires (likely to be a result of arson), routine mowing in some areas, weed infestation and other disturbances such as dumping of rubbish. Although generally unfavourable, the proposal is unlikely to alter the current disturbance regime. How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity? Areas of potential habitat for M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, A. pubescens and P. spicata in the study area are highly fragmented, although the riparian corridors maintain some habitat connectivity in the locality (Fairfield City Council 2006; Parramatta City Council 2003; Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust 1999).

The small areas of potential habitats for M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, A. pubescens and P. spicata that will be cleared are unlikely to cause a further decrease in connectivity in the already fragmented local populations. The project is unlikely to create a barrier to the ecological processes occurring in this community such as pollination and/or seed dispersal by birds, mammals or insects. How is the proposal likely to affect critical habitat? Critical habitat refers to those areas of land listed in the Register of Critical Habitat kept by the Director-General of Department of Environment and Climate Change (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007). Critical habitat is the whole or any part or parts of an area or areas of land comprising the habitat of an endangered species, an endangered population or an endangered ecological community that is critical to the survival of the species, population or ecological community (Department of Environment and Conservation 2004a).

There is no critical habitat listed for M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, A. pubescens and P. spicata and it is unlikely that the areas of potential habitat to be affected would be considered critical to the survival of these species.


Conclusion No individuals of M. viridiflora ssp. viridiflora, A. pubescens or P. spicata were identified in the study area. As such, no individuals of these species are likely to be directly or indirectly impacted by the proposal.

The proposal will however result in the clearing of a small area of suitable habitat for these species.

The clearing of a small area of potential habitat is unlikely affect current disturbance regimes, affect habitat connectivity or affect critical habitat or otherwise result in a significant impact to these species such that would threaten their long term survival in the locality.

F.2.2 Significant impact criteria for Acacia pubescens (a vulnerable species) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, an important populations of a vulnerable species is one that is:

likely to be key source populations either for breeding or dispersal

likely to be necessary for maintaining genetic diversity, and/or

at or near the limit of the species range at or near the limit of the species range (Department of the Environment and Heritage 2006).

The A. pubescens in the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Road and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford is not considered an important population under this definition.

Will the action lead to a long-term decrease in the size of an important population of a species?

A. pubescens identified in the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Road and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford has not been identified as an important population. No individuals were identified within the study area; as such no individuals are likely to be directly affected by the proposal and there will be no decrease in the size of the local population as a result of the proposal.

Will the action reduce the area of occupancy of an important population?

A. pubescens identified in the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Road and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford has not been identified as an important population. No individuals were identified within the areas to be affected by the proposal; as such no individuals are likely to be directly affected by the proposal and the area of known occupancy will not be reduced.

Will the action fragment an existing important population into two or more populations?

A. pubescens identified in the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Road and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford has not been identified as an important population.


Suitable habitat for A. pubescens in the study area is highly fragmented, although the riparian corridors maintain some habitat connectivity in the locality (Fairfield City Council 2006; Parramatta City Council 2003; Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust 1999). Further clearing of this habitat type is unlikely to cause a further decrease in connectivity in the already fragmented local populations. The proposal will not create a barrier to the ecological processes occurring in this community such as pollination and/or seed dispersal by birds, mammals or insects.

Will the action adversely affect habitat critical to the survival of a species?

No critical habitat has been listed for the Acacia pubescens under either the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 or the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

Habitat critical to the survival of a species may also include areas that are not listed on the Register of Critical Habitat if they are necessary:

for activities such as foraging, breeding, roosting, or dispersal

for the long-term maintenance of the species or ecological community (including the maintenance of species essential to the survival of the species or ecological community, such as pollinators)

to maintain genetic diversity and long term evolutionary development, or

for the reintroduction of populations or recovery of the species or ecological community (Department of the Environment and Heritage 2006a).

The habitats likely to be affected as a result of the proposal do not represent habitat critical to the survival of the Acacia pubescens.

Will the action disrupt the breeding cycle of an important population?

A. pubescens identified in the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Road and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford has not been identified as an important population.

A. pubescens is a clonal species that reproduce predominantly asexually. As no individuals are likely to be directly impacted the proposal is unlikely to disrupt the asexual breeding cycle of any local populations. The importance, pollination mechanisms and germination mechanisms of Acacia pubescens are not clearly understood (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2003b). However, the proposal is unlikely to create a barrier to the processes involved in sexual reproduction including pollination and/or seed dispersal by insects.

Will the action modify, destroy, remove or isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that the species is likely to decline?

The patches of potential habitats for A. pubescens in the study area are highly fragmented and subject to a range of edge effects as a result of past land uses and clearing patters that would have modified the natural disturbance regime. The disturbance regimes in these areas now consists of infrequent fires (likely to be a result of arson), routine mowing in some areas,


weed infestation and other disturbances such as dumping of rubbish. The proposal will not further degrade the quality of these areas of potential habitats for A. pubescens.

The proposal will involve the clearing of 0.5ha of suitable habitat to allow the pipe laying between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, in Fairfield Park and in the Long Street Recreation Area. This represents are small proportion (3%) of the habitat available surrounding the study area (see Table G-2). These areas will also be rehabilitated following construction to ensure that the potential these areas remain available as potential habitat for establishment of A. pubescens. Areas of potential habitats adjacent to the construction footprint will be fenced off during construction to avoid and indirect or accidental impacts.

As such, the proposal is unlikely to result in a decline availability or quality of habitat.

Will the action result in invasive species that are harmful to a vulnerable species becoming established in the vulnerable species’ habitat?

The areas of potential habitat in the study area are already dominated by a diverse range of weed species. The proposal is unlikely to result in the invasion of any new species that are harmful to A. pubescens or its habitat. Disturbance to potential habitat as a result of pipe laying may stimulate germination and proliferation of weed species that are already established in the seed bank. However, post-construction rehabilitation and maintenance of weeds will ensure weeds do establish densities higher than the current levels.

Will the action introduce disease that may cause the species to decline?

Some Acacia pubescens are known to suffer from unknown disease that affects the leaves of plants (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2003b). The proposal is unlikely however, to spread or introduce disease to local populations of Acacia pubescens that may cause the species to decline.

Will the action interfere substantially with the recovery of the species?

A recovery plan has been prepared for Acacia pubescens (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 2003b). The proposal will not interfere with the actions for recovery outlined in this plan.

Conclusion

A. pubescens identified in the Sydney Water pipeline lands between Barbers Road and the Woodville Public Golf Course in Old Guildford were the only individuals identified in close proximity to the study area. This patch of A. pubescens has not been identified as an important population.

A. pubescens identified in the Sydney Water pipeline lands will not be directly or indirectly impacted by the proposal: as such there will be no reduction in the size of the existing population, nor will there be a reduction in the current area of occupancy, nor will an exiting population be further fragmented. No critical habitat has been declared for the species, nor is the habitat in the study area considered critical to the survival of A. pubescens. The clearing of suitable habitat for the species will be offset by rehabilitation following construction to ensure the quality and extent of available habitat for A. pubescens is not reduced as a result of the proposal. Finally, the proposal is unlikely to introduce or result in the proliferation of


invasive species, a disease or other actions that would interfere with the recovery of the species.

F.2.3 Significant impact criteria for Pimelea spicata (an endangered species) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

Will the action lead to a long-term decrease in the size of a population of a species?

No individuals were identified within the study area; as such no individuals are likely to be directly affected by the proposal and there will be no decrease in the size of the local population as a result of the proposal.

Will the action reduce the area of occupancy of the species?

No individuals were identified within the areas to be affected by the proposal; as such no individuals are likely to be directly affected by the proposal and the area of known occupancy will not be reduced.

Will the action fragment an existing population into two or more populations?

Suitable habitat for P. spicata in the study area is highly fragmented, although the riparian corridors maintain some habitat connectivity in the locality (Fairfield City Council 2006; Parramatta City Council 2003; Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust 1999). Further clearing of this habitat type is unlikely to cause a further decrease in connectivity in the already fragmented local populations. The proposal will not create a barrier to the ecological processes occurring in this community such as pollination and/or seed dispersal by birds, mammals or insects.


No critical habitat has been listed for the P. spicata under either the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 or the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.






The habitats would be affected as a result of the proposal do not represent habitat critical to the survival of the Pimelea spicata.

Will the action disrupt the breeding cycle of a population?


A general understanding of the reproductive cycle of Pimelea spicata is currently know however the exact mechanisms are not clearly understood (Department of Environment and Conservation 2004b). The proposal is unlikely to create a barrier to the processes involved in sexual reproduction including pollination and/or seed dispersal by insects.

Will the action modify, destroy, remove, isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that the species is likely to decline?

The patches of potential habitats for P spicata in the study area are highly fragmented and subject to a range of edge effects as a result of past land uses and clearing patters that would have modified the natural disturbance regime. The disturbance regimes in these areas now consists of infrequent fires (likely to be a result of arson), routine mowing in some areas, weed infestation and other disturbances such as dumping of rubbish. The proposal will not further degrade the quality of these areas of potential habitats for P spicata.

The proposal will involve the clearing of 0.5ha of suitable habitat to allow the pipe laying between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, in Fairfield Park and in the Long Street Recreation Area. This represents are small proportion (3%) of the habitat available surrounding the study area (see Table G-2). These areas will also be rehabilitated following construction to ensure that the potential these areas remain available as potential habitat for establishment of P spicata. Areas of potential habitats adjacent to the construction footprint will be fenced off during construction to avoid and indirect or accidental impacts.

As such, the proposal is unlikely to result in a decline availability or quality of habitat.

Will the action result in invasive species that are harmful to an endangered species becoming established in the endangered species´ habitat?

The areas of patches of potential habitats for P spicata in the study area are already dominated by a diverse range of weed species. The proposal is unlikely to result in the invasion of any new species that are harmful to P spicata or its habitat. Disturbance to potential habitat as a result of pipe laying may stimulate germination and proliferation of weed species that are already established in the seed bank. However, post-construction rehabilitation and maintenance of weeds will ensure weeds do establish densities higher than the current levels.


Pimelea spicata is not known to suffer from any significant disease and the proposal is unlikely to involve any activates that would introduce a new disease to local populations of Pimelea spicata.

Will the action interfere with the recovery of the species?

A recovery plan has been prepared for Pimelea spicata (Department of Environment and Conservation 2004b). The proposal will not interfere with the actions for recovery outlined in this plan.

Conclusions


No P. spicata was identified in the small areas of suitable habitat within the study area that would be directly or indirectly impacted by the proposal: as such there will be no reduction in the size of the existing population, nor will there be a reduction in the current area of occupancy, nor will an exiting population be further fragmented. No critical habitat has been declared for the species, nor is the habitat in the study area considered critical to the survival of P. spicata. The clearing of suitable habitat for the species will be offset by rehabilitation following construction to ensure the quality and extent of available habitat for P. spicata is not reduced as a result of the proposal. Finally, the proposal is unlikely to introduce or result in the proliferation of invasive species, a disease or other actions that would interfere with the recovery of the species.

F.3 Threatened species of Microchiroptera Three species of Threatened Microchiroptera (microbats) were recorded in the study area (with only possible identification to the species level) - Eastern False Pipistrelle, Greater Broad-nosed Bat, Large-footed Myotis. In addition, a further four species of microbats have been recorded previously in the locality: Large-eared Pied Bat, Eastern Bent-wing Bat, Eastern Freetail-bat, Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat. All seven species have potential to occur within the study area, however Large-eared Pied Bats and Eastern Bent-wing Bats generally roost in caves or other similar built structures such as abandoned mines, ceiling spaces or road culverts and are unlikely to be affected by the proposal. These species have been considered as a group because of their similarity of habitats and habits (Table G-3).

Table F-3 Threatened microbat roost habits, diet and foraging

Name Roost habits Diet and foraging

Eastern False Pipistrelle - Falsistrellus tasmaniensis

generally roosts in tree hollows, however have been recorded in caves and building

fast flying in the upper canopy where they predate on moths, beetles and other plant bugs

Large-eared Pied Bat - Chalinolobus dwyeri

generally roosts in caves or other similar built structures (mines), however also recorded in Fairy Martin nests

manoeuvrable slow flying species that generally forages in the lower to mid stratum of wooded areas. Insectivorous however target species unknown

Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat - Saccolaimus flaviventris

generally roosts in tree hollows

fast flying above the forest canopy where they predate on beetles, grasshoppers and other insects

Greater Broad-nosed Bat - Scoteanax rueppellii

generally roosts in tree hollows, however have been recorded in building

slow flying with poor manoeuvrability species that generally predates on slow flying prey such as moths along wooded edges (i.e. along streams, patch edges). May also predate on other microbats

Eastern Bent-wing Bat - Miniopterus schreibersii

generally roosts in caves or other similar built structures (mines, road culverts)

very fast flying species that forages above the dominant stratum (i.e. above canopy in wooded areas or above grassland in cleared areas) for moths and other insects


Name Roost habits Diet and foraging

Eastern Freetail-bat - Mormopterus norfolkensis

generally roosts in tree hollows, however have been recorded in building

insectivorous but diet and foraging niche is poorly understood

Large-footed Myotis - Myotis adversus

non-specific rooter habitats include caves, tree hollows, amongst vegetation or in built structures – commonly roost in small groups.

require water over which they forage by raking their feet across the water surface for insects and small fish – may also aerial forage

The proposal is likely to require the removal of up to ten semi-mature eucalypts within the study area that have potential to provide small hollows suitable for use by tree-roosting microbats which include the Eastern False Pipistrelles, Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bats, Greater Broad-nosed Bats, Eastern Freetail-bats and Large-footed Myotis. These trees include approximately five Eucalyptus moluccana and E. tereticornis between Taylor Street and the Fairfield WRTP; and five E. piperita on the western side of Prospect Creek. This represents a small percentage of the total number of trees of a similar age within the study area.

The Large-eared Pied Bats and Eastern Bent-wing Bats generally roost in caves or other similar built structures such as abandoned mines, ceiling spaces or road culverts. These latter two species are unlikely to be affected by the proposal and have not been assessed further.

In order to minimise the direct impacts to the Threatened tree-roosting microbats, tree felling clearing protocols would be put in place that would include leaving the felled semi-mature eucalypts laying for at least one night to allow microbats and other fauna residing in the hollow to escape. To compensate for the removal of small tree hollows suitable for use by tree-roosting microbats, artificial bat boxes may be mounted in the study area prior to felling of trees and small-hollows identified in felled trees will be salvages for mounting as replacement hollows within the study area.

F.3.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to threatened species of Microbat under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community? The proposal is likely to require the removal of up to ten semi-mature eucalypts within the study area that have potential to provide small hollows suitable for use by tree-roosting microbats which include the Eastern False Pipistrelles, Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bats, Greater Broad-nosed Bats, Eastern Freetail-bats and Large-footed Myotis. These trees include approximately five Eucalyptus moluccana and E. tereticornis between Taylor Street and the Fairfield WRTP; and five E. piperita on the western side of Prospect Creek. This represents a small percentage of the total number of trees of a similar age within the study area.

How is the proposal likely to affect current disturbance regimes? The patches of woodland habitat in the study area in which the semi-mature eucalypts are small and subject to a range of edge effects as a result of past land uses and clearing


patters that would have modified the natural disturbance regime. The modified disturbance regimes now consists of infrequent fires (likely to be a result of arson), routine mowing in some areas that is preventing recruitment of new trees and other disturbances such as dumping of rubbish. Although generally unfavourable, the proposal is unlikely to alter this disturbance regime.

The removal of the semi-mature eucalypts is likely to remove the number of small hollows that are available for roosting sites. As such, artificial bat boxes may be mounted in the study area prior to felling of trees and small-hollows identified in felled trees will be salvages for mounting as replacement hollows within the study area. How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity? Suitable habitats within the study area have been significantly reduces as result of past land use patters however, the riparian corridors maintain some habitat connectivity in the locality (Fairfield City Council 2006; Parramatta City Council 2003; Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust 1999). Microbats are highly mobile fauna and are less sensitive to habitat fragmentation than other faunal groups (such as ground dwelling species). The removal of roosting trees in the study area will not affect the overall connectively of these habitats to other areas of woodland habitat for microbats.

How is the proposal likely to affect critical habitat? Critical habitat refers to those areas of land listed in the Register of Critical Habitat kept by the Director-General of Department of Environment and Climate Change (Department of Environment and Climate Change 2007). Critical habitat is the whole or any part or parts of an area or areas of land comprising the habitat of an endangered species, an endangered population or an endangered ecological community that is critical to the survival of the species, population or ecological community (Department of Environment and Conservation 2004a).

There is no critical habitat listed for any of the Threatened species of microbat identified or predicted to occur in the study area, nor are the areas of impact considered to be critical to the survival of any of the species.

Conclusion The proposed upgrade will result in the clearing of a up to approximately ten semi-mature eucalypts within the study area that have potential to provide small hollows which provide suitable roosting sites for tree-roosting microbats.

The loss of this potential habitat is unlikely affect current disturbance regimes, affect habitat connectivity or affect critical habitat. The proposed measures to minimise the direct impacts and compensate for the indirect impacts (loss of roost sites) will ensure that the proposal does not result in a significant impact to these species such that would threaten their long term survival in the locality


F.4 Green and Golden Bell Frogs (Litoria aurea) Green and Golden Bell Frogs are listed as Endangered under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and Vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. No Green and Golden Bell Frogs were recorded in the study area. However, riparian habitats associated with Prospect Creek provide potential habitat Green and Golden Bell Frogs in the study area.

Green and Golden Bell Frogs occur in various types of habitat including marshes, dams and stream sides, particularly those containing Typha spp., Juncus spp. or Eleocharis spp. The species also occur at sites where riparian habitats have been modified such as in developed areas. For breeding they require shallow, still or slow flowing water body, either ephemeral or widely fluctuating, that is unpolluted and without heavy shading. Permanent waterbodies are also known to be used and there is historical evidence of occupation of large, often deep and permanent bodies of water. There is also a preference for sites include extensive grassy areas and an abundance of shelter sites such as rocks, logs, tussock forming vegetation and other cover, considered to be used for foraging and shelter.

Over-wintering periods Green and Golden Bell Frogs may disperse away from breeding sites; such sites include the bases of dense vegetation tussocks, beneath rocks, timber, within logs or beneath ground debris, including human refuse such as sheet iron, but the full range of possible habitat used for this purpose is not yet well understood (Department of Environment and Conservation 2004c, 2005b).

Riparian habitats associated with Prospect Creek provide potential habitat Green and Golden Bell Frogs in the study area, especially in the large poor that has formed behind the weir in the Long Street Recreation Area. This pool is large, shallow and provides dense sedges and rushes surrounded by grassy embankments as preferred by the species. Burns Creek between Tangerine Street Normanby Street and the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP site are also potential habitat sites for the species.

The sections of Duck Creek in the study area, where the drainage line has been straightened and concreted, are unlikely to be potential habitat for Green and Golden Bell Frogs. Duck River is also unsuitable habitat due to the salinity of the tidal water.

F.4.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to Green and Golden Bell Frogs under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community? The proposal is unlikely to directly impact Green and Golden Bell Frogs. Suitable habitats in the Long Street Recreation Area are not within the construction footprint and impacts to the higher quality suitable habitat in Fairfield Park and Burns Creek have been be minimised through the use of horizontal directional drilling.


Horizontal direction drilling is trenchless pipe laying technique will avoid direct impacts to the channels, banks and riparian vegetation. Horizontal direction drilling however requires launch and receiving pads on each side of the drainage line that are clear of vegetation. At all crossing sites however, there are suitable locations for placement of the drilling plant that will not affect Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat. Horizontal direction drilling also involves the use of a drilling fluid, usually a bentonite slurry, as a lubricant and to flush out cuttings to the surface for treatment. The turbid slurry of lubricant and cuttings has potential to impact Green and Golden Bell Frogs or their habitat if allowed to ender drainage lines. This drilling slurry will therefore be contained onsite in a bunded area to allow the slurry to dry before removal from site.

Between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP the drainage line is smaller and directional drilling would result in more disruption to the native vegetation on the western side of the drainage line that traditional trenching. As such, horizontal direction drilling will not be used at this site.

How is the proposal likely to affect current disturbance regimes? The areas of suitable habitat in the study area are modified as a result of past and ongoing lands use in the locality. These disturbances to potential Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat include modification of the hydrological regime from increases in the amount of hard surfaces in the catchment, pollution from road-wash and routine mowing of near stream at all sites with potential habitat in the study area.

Although this disturbance regime is largely unfavourable to the species, the proposal is unlikely to result in any further changes to the hydrological cycle or other aspects of the disturbance regime. How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity? Natural habitats in locality are highly modified as a result of past land uses, however connectivity of potential Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat in the study area is likely to be relatively intact as a result of the riparian habitats remaining along drainage lines such as Prospect Creek and Burns Creek.

The small areas of potential Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat in the study area that will be cleared in the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP is unlikely to result in a decrease in connectivity of a local population. The project would not create a barrier to Green and Golden Bell Frog dispersal along Prospect Creek, Burns Creek or the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP.



There is no critical habitat listed for Green and Golden Bell Frog identified or predicted to occur in the study area, nor are the areas of impact considered to be critical to the survival of any of this ecological community.

Conclusion The proposed upgrade is unlikely to directly impact Green and Golden Bell Frogs. No Green and Golden Bell Frogs were recorded in the study area and impacts to the areas of higher quality suitable habitat have been avoided through the route selection process or through the use of horizontal direction drilling.

The temporary impacts to the lower quality site with suitable habitat, the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP is unlikely affect current disturbance regimes, affect habitat connectivity or affect critical habitat. As such the proposal is unlikely to result in a significant impact to Green and Golden Bell Frogs such that would threaten their long term survival in the locality

F.4.2 Significant impact criteria for Green and Golden Bell Frogs (a vulnerable species) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, important populations are:

likely to be key source populations either for breeding or dispersal

likely to be necessary for maintaining genetic diversity, and/or

at or near the limit of the species range (Department of the Environment and Heritage 2006).

If present, a population of Green and Golden Bell Frog in the study area would not be considered an important population.

Will the action lead to a long-term decrease in the size of an important population of a species?

Green and Golden Bell Frogs in the study area have not been identified as an important population.

The proposed upgrade is unlikely to directly impact Green and Golden Bell Frogs. No Green and Golden Bell Frogs were recorded in the study area and impacts to the areas of higher quality suitable habitat have been avoided through the route selection process or through the use of horizontal direction drilling.

The impacts to the lower quality site with suitable habitat (the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP) temporary and the area will be rehabilitated following construction. As such, no decrease in the size of the local population is anticipated.

Will the action reduce the area of occupancy of an important population?



Direct impacts to sites of higher quality suitable habitat (Long Street recreation Area, Fairfield Parka and Burns Creek) have been avoided through the route selection process or through the use of horizontal direction drilling. Disturbance to the lower quality site with suitable habitat (the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP) temporary and the area will be rehabilitated following construction.

All areas directly impacted by the construction process will be rehabilitated to a similar or better condition follow construction. These areas include the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP; and the horizontal directional drilling launch and receiving pads and drilling slurry containment areas.

As such, there will be not reduction in the areas of Green and Golden Bell Frogs occupancy in the study area.

Will the action fragment an existing important population into two or more populations?

Natural habitats in locality are highly modified as a result of past land uses, however connectivity of potential Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat in the study area is likely to be relatively intact as a result of the riparian habitats remaining along drainage lines such as Prospect Creek and Burns Creek.

The small areas of potential Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat in the study area that will be cleared in the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP will not form a barrier to the movement of Green and Golden Bell Frogs along the drainage lines that would fragment an existing important population into two or more populations.


No critical habitat has been listed for the Green and Golden Bell Frog under either the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 or the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.






Green and Golden Bell Frog habitats that would be affected as a result of the project do not represent habitat critical to the survival of the Green and Golden Bell Frog.

Will the action disrupt the breeding cycle of an important population?



Green and Golden Bell Frogs require free standing or slow moving water bodies in which to breed and appear to prefer sites that are water-bodies that are unshaded and have a grassy area nearby and diurnal sheltering sites available (REFERNEC). Sections of Prospect Creek are likely to provide higher quality breeding sites for Green and Golden Bell Frogs, especially the large pool that has formed behind the weir in the Long Street Recreation Area, due to the presence of free standing water. These habitats will not be disturbed by the proposal.

The unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP is unlikely to constitute a suitable breeding site for Green and Golden Bell Frogs as this drainage line would be highly responsive to rainfall events and does lacks pools that would provide free standing or slow moving water for sufficient time from the development of tadpoles.

Will the action modify, destroy, remove or isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that the species is likely to decline?

The small areas of potential Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat in the study area that will be disturbed as a result of the proposal are unlikely to result in the decline of a local population of Green and Golden Bell Frogs.

The unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP will be rehabilitated following works, including the planting of native species. The horizontal directional drilling launch and receiving pads and slurry containment areas will also be rehabilitated with native plantings of turf similar to the existing species.

The large pool that has formed behind the weir in the Long Street Recreation Area will not be directly affected be the works.

Will the action result in invasive species that are harmful to a vulnerable species becoming established in the vulnerable species’ habitat?

The proposal is unlikely to result in invasive species that are harmful to a vulnerable species becoming established in the endangered species’ habitat.


The proposal is unlikely to involve any activates that would introduce or spread a disease to local populations of Green and Golden Bell Frogs, such as the Frog Chytrid Fungus, that may cause the species to decline.

Will the action interfere substantially with the recovery of the species?

A draft recovery plan has been prepared for Green and Golden Bell Frog (Department of Environment and Conservation 2005b). The proposal will not interfere with any of the recovery actions outlined in this plan for the species.

Conclusion

The proposed upgrade is unlikely to directly impact Green and Golden Bell Frogs. No Green and Golden Bell Frogs were recorded in the study area and impacts to the areas of higher quality suitable habitat have been avoided through the route selection process or through the use of horizontal direction drilling.


The temporary impacts to the lower quality site with suitable habitat (the unnamed drainage line between Taylor Street and the Fairfield RWTP) is unlikely to lead to a reduction in the size of the existing population, nor will there be a reduction in the current area of occupancy, nor will an exiting population be further fragmented. No critical habitat has been declared for the species, nor is suitable habitat in the study area considered critical to the survival of Green and Golden Bell Frogs. Following construction, all sites within or in close proximity to the potential Green and Golden Bell Frog the species is not reduced. Finally, the proposal is unlikely to introduce or result in the proliferation of invasive species, a disease or other actions that would interfere with the recovery of the species.

F.5 Cumberland Plain Land Snail (Meridolum corneovirens)

The Cumberland Plain Land Snails (Meridolum corneovirens) is listed as Endangered under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. No evidence of Cumberland Plain Land Snail was recorded in the study area during active searches.

Cumberland Plain Land Snails is a terrestrial land snail that is restricted to Cumberland Plain Woodland, Castlereagh Woodland and Alluvial Woodland where it meets Cumberland Plain Woodland in Western Sydney. The species feeds primarily on fungus and does not feed on green plants. It lives in or under the leaf litter or may burrow into the soil. Microhabitat features used by the species include the underparts of logs and other debris, leaf and bar accumulations around the bases of trees and sometimes the underside of grass clumps. Loose soil may also be used by the species for burrowing (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999)..

Potential habitat for Cumberland Plain Land Snails was identified in the study area on the margins of Alluvial Woodland between Taylor Street to the Fairfield RWTP, in Fairfield Park, and within the Long Street Recreation Area. Although these sites are highly modified, Cumberland Plain Land Snails are known to persist at sites that are disturbed.

F.5.1 Heads of consideration for assessing potential impacts to Cumberland Plain Land Snails under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

How is the proposal likely to affect the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community? No Cumberland Plain Land Snails were identified in the study area. As such, no individuals of these species are likely to be directly or indirectly impacted by the proposal.

The proposal will however involve clearing of <0.5ha of Alluvial Woodland within the study which includes patches of suitable habitat for Cumberland Plain Land Snails. This represents three percent of the available habitat within the study area (see Table G-2). How is the proposal likely to affect current disturbance regimes? The patches of potential habitats for Cumberland Plain Land Snails in the study area are highly fragmented and subject to a range of edge effects as a result of past land uses and clearing patters that would have modified the natural disturbance regime. The modified disturbance regimes now consists of infrequent fires (likely to be a result of arson), routine


mowing in some areas, weed infestation and other disturbances such as dumping of rubbish. Although generally unfavourable, the proposal is unlikely to alter the current disturbance regime. How is the proposal likely to affect habitat connectivity? The small areas of Cumberland Plain Land Snail habitat in the study area that will be disturbed are unlikely to decrease connectivity of local Cumberland Plain Land Snail populations.

Currently, there is little known about the dispersal patterns and distance movement of the Cumberland Plain Land Snail (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 1999). The species is known to be genetically structured over short distances. Spatial autocorrelation analysis has shown individuals from any one location (within a few metres of each other) are very likely to be genetically related and the genetic neighbourhood is limited to about 350 m (Clarke & Richardson 2002). If a Cumberland Plain Land Snail population is present within any of the sites within the study area, it is likely to be isolated from other populations in the locality as a result of past land-use patters and habitat removal.

Disturbance to Cumberland Plain Land Snail habitat will be temporary and areas that are affected will be rehabilitated following construction. As such, the proposal is unlikely to reduce connectivity within the small patches of Cumberland Plain Land Snail habitat in the study area.


There is no critical habitat listed for Cumberland Plain Land Snail identified or predicted to occur in the study area, nor are the areas of impact considered to be critical to the survival of any of this ecological community.

Conclusion No Cumberland Plain Land Snails were recorded within the study area, however potential habitat was identified that could be affected by the proposal. The impact to Cumberland Plain Land Snail habitat will be small and temporary and all areas that are impacted will be rehabilitated to a similar of better condition.


appendix a detailed project sheets

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