Appendix: List of Abbreviations

AADF Average annual daily flows CESMM Civil Engineering Standard Method of AASHTO American Association of State Measurement

Highway Officials CFC Chlorofluorocarbon ACE Association of Consulting Engineers CHART Computerised highway assessment of ACN Aircraft classification number ratings and treatment AGNIS Advanced azimuth guidance nose-in CIE Commission Internationale de

systems l'Eclairage AGR Advanced gas-cooled reactors CIPFA Chartered Institute of Public Finance ALA Association of Local Authorities and Accounting AMA Association of Metropolitan CIRIA Construction Industry Research and

Authorities Information Association AME Association of Municipal Engineers CMS Central monitoring system AMS Austenitic manganese steel COD Chemical oxygen demand ASA Amateur Swimming Association CPRE Council for the Protection of Rural ASR Alkali silica reaction England ATP Automatic train protection csa Cross sectional area ATO Automatic train operation CTG Anglo-French Tunnel Group

CV Calorific value BA British Airways CWR Continuously welded rail BAA British Airports Authority BEC Building Employers Confederation DLG Derelict Land Grant BNF British Nuclear Fuels DLO Direct labour organisation BOD Biological oxygen demand DLR Docklands light railway BP British Petroleum DOE Department of the Environment BPF British Property Federation DPTSP Docklands Public Transport Strategic BR British Rail Plan BRE Building Research Establishment DTI Department of Trade and Industry BREEAM BRE environmental research method DTp Department of Transport BRF British Road Federation DTS Dynamic track stabiliser BSI British Standards Institution DWF Dry weather flow BW British Waterways DWT Dead weight tonnes BWL Bottom water level

EC European Community CBA Cost benefit analysis EFTA European Free Trade Association CBD Central business district EIA Environmental impact assessment CBI Confederation of British Industry EJ European Journal CBR California bearing ratio ERDF European Regional Development CEN Comite Europeen de Normalisation Fund CENWAG Centralised Intersystem Wagon ETSU Energy Technology Support Unit

Transit (Australia) (Department of Energy)

405

406 Appendix: List of Abbreviations

FCEC Federation of Civil Engineering LAMSAC Local Authority Management Contractors Services and Computer Committee

FGD Fuel gas desulphurisation LCC London County Council FIOIC International Federation of Consulting led Litres per capita per day

Engineers LDDC London Docklands Development FIFA Federation of International Football Corporation

Associations LCG Load classification groups PM France Manche LCN Land classification numbers FTA Freight Transport Association LGORU Local Government Operational FTU Formazin turbidity unit Research Unit

LRT Light rail transit or London Regional GCWW Greater Cairo Wastewater Transport GLC Greater London Council LSC Line supervisory control GRP Glass reinforced polyester LWRA London Waste Regulation Authority

HAC High alumina cement hid Hours per day MARCH Maintenance assessment rating and HOB Housing and Development Board costing of highways

(Singapore) MCE Maximum credible earthquake HOPE High density polyethylene MDC Merseyside Development HGV Heavy goods vehicle Corporation HK Hong Kong MOPE Medium density polyethylene HMIP Her Majesty's Inspectorate of MHLG Ministry of Housing and Local

Pollution Government HOS House ownership scheme (HK) MId Million litres per day HRM High speed road monitor MLSS Mixed liquor suspended solids HRS Hydraulic Research Station MRT Mass rapid transit (Singapore) HST High speed trains MRTC Mass Rapid Transport Corporation

(Singapore) IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency MSC Manpower Services Commission ICAO International Civil Aviation MSF Module support frame

Organisation MTRC Mass Transit Railway Corporation ICE Institution of Civil Engineers (Hong Kong) IEAus Institute of Engineers of Australia IME Institution of Municipal Engineers NAWDC National Association of Waste IOH Institute of Housing Disposal Contractors IPD ICE Infrastructure Planning Group NCC National Conservation Council ISO International Organisation for NEDC National Economic Development

Standardisation Council ISRS International safety rating system NERC National Environmental Research IStructE Council

(ISE) Institution of Structural Engineers NLWA North London Waste Authority INTRANS Railways of Australia Intersystem NRA National Rivers Authority

Transport Operating Plan NSW New South Wales

JAL Japan Airline JNWC Jersey New Waterworks Company 00 Ordnance Datum JTU Jackson turbidity unit ODN Ordnance Datum Newlyn

Appendix: List of Abbreviations 407

OECD Organisation for Economic SNCF French Railways Co-operation and Development SPZ Simplified planning zone

OFWAT Office of Water Services SS Settleable solids or suspended solids OPC Ordinary Portland Cement SSCV Semi-submersible crane vessel OS Ordnance Survey STPB Singapore Tourist Promotion Board

STPG Severn Tidal Power Group PAPA Parallel assisted parking aids STW Severn Trent Water PB Polybutylene PCBs PolychlOrinated biphenyls TBM Tunnel boring machine PCN Pavement classification number TCCB Test and County Cricket Board PO Public datum TCPA Town and Country Planning PE Polyethylene Association PFA Pulverised fuel ash TEU Transit equivalent unit PLA Port of London Authority TGV Train a Grande Vitesse PMF Probable maximum flood TML Transmanche-Link PMP Probable maximum precipitation TOO Total oxygen demand PMS Pavement management system TRADA Timber Research and Development PP Polypropylene Association PSA Property Services Agency TRRL Transport and Road Research PSPS Private sector participation scheme Laboratory

(Hong Kong) TSR Temporary speed restriction PTE Passenger Transport Executive TWA Thames Water Authority PQC Pavement quality concrete TWL Top water level PV Permanganate value PVC Polyvinylchloride UAE United Arab Emirates PWD Public Works Department UB Universal beam PWR Pressurised water reactor UCL Unit control logic

UDA Urban Development Area QA Quality assurance UEFA Union of European Football

Associations RBC Rotating biological contactor UKCS United Kingdom Continental Shelf RC Reinforced concrete UNCRD United Nations Centre for Regional RIBA Royal Institute of British Architects Development RICS Royal Institution of Chartered UNDP United Nations Development

Surveyors Programme ROV Remotely operated vehicles UP Urban Programme RPT Rendel Palmer & Tritton uPVC Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride

URA Urban Redevelopment Authority SBR Sequencing batch reactor (Singapore) SOC Sentosa Development Corporation

(Singapore) VAWT Vertical axis wind turbine SERPLAN London and South East Regional VDU Visual display unit

Planning Conference SETEC Societe d'Etudes Techniques et WDF Waste derived fuel

Economiques WHO World Health Organisation SHC Spring hoop clip WRc Water Research Centre SIA Singapore International Airline SIMBIDS Simplified bidirectional signalling YDG Yorkshire Development Group

Index

Abbeystead accident 21 Abbreviations 405-7 Aberdeen harbour

development 349-50 Activated sludge process 203--5 Advanced treatment of

sewage 206--7 Aeration (water) 259--60 Airports

Changi Airport, Singapore 94-100

contractual arrangements 85 control tower 96--7, 98 costs 99-100 design 85--6, 88 engineering services 87-8,99 forecasting needs 82-3 Gatwick Airport, North

Terminal 88-90 Heathrow Airport, Terminal

4 84-8 jumbo hangars 91-2,99. Mount Pleasant Airport,

Falklands 100 noise barriers 87 O'Hare International Airport,

Chicago 94 pavement design and

construction 84, 88, 92, 94-5,97-8

pavement maintenance 84 rapid transit system 93 site selection 83--4 Stansted Airport 90-3 terminal buildings 86--7,88-9,

90-1,95--6 transit link between

terminals 89-90 treatment of deicing water

92-3 Akashi suspension bridge,

Japan 137-8 Albert Dock, Liverpool

development 312-13 historical background 313 restoration work 313--14

Ameria sewage pumping station, Cairo 191-3

Anglia coastal defences study

347-8 Appointment of engineer 18-19 Aqueduct 72-4 Areas of outstanding natural

beauty 387 Artificial canoe slalom course,

Nottingham Water Sports Centre 376--8

Audit Commission 11,152,217 Australia

Canberra: national capital 332-3

Darling Harbour regeneration, Sydney 322

freeway interchanges 129-30 new towns 333 railways 48-9 Rocks conservation area,

Sydney 316 sewer maintenance 197, 200 Sydney football stadium

382-3,384 Sydney harbour bridge 138 Sydney Opera House 384-7 Sydney Tower,

Centrepoint 383--4

Bangladesh flooding 340-1 Bankok klongs 76 Barking barrier 339-40 Batang Padang hydroelectric

scheme, Malaysia 395, 396 Blackburn leisure pool 379-80 Blackpool waste transfer

station 221-2 Blacksness harbour, Scalloway,

Shetland Islands 351 Blisworth Tunnel 74-5 Bombay water supply 266 Boreholes 257-8 Boston sewage treatment

works 208-9 Breakwaters 345 BREEAM 291 Bridges

Akashi, Japan 137-8 cable stayed 131-2,136--7 cantilever 132--6 case studies of design and

construction 132-8 Dolsan, South Korea 136--7 maintenance and defects

138-40 Nant Hir 135--6 railway bridges 49-51 railway overbridge

reconstruction 44-5 River Torridge 132-4 suspension 131, 137-8 Sydney Harbour 138 Third Dartford Crossing 136 Tsing North, Hong Kong

134-5 Tsuen Wan bypass bridge

115-16 types 131-2

Brighton marina 372-3 British Waterways

general responsibilities 67 major projects 70-7 organisation of engineering 67 public works activities 67-70

Broadholme sewage treatment works extension 209-10

Building regulation control 290 Bury sludge digestion plant 210 Business parks

general aspects 306--7 Stockley Park, West

London 307-8,309 Watchmoor business park,

Camberley 308,310

Cable stayed bridges 131-2, 136--7

Cairo wastewater scheme 173--5 Canals

Bankok klongs 76 Blisworth Tunnel 74-5 characteristics 65-7 docks 65 engineering problems 70 freight transport 65 improvements 68 Limehouse tidal lock 70-1 Llangollen Canal restoration

71-2 locks 65--6,70-1

409

410 Index

maintenance 67-8,69-70 major works 69 Netherton Canal Tunnel

repairs 75-6 plant types 69 public works activities 67-70 restoration 68-9 Sprotbrough lock 66-7

Canary Wharf development, London Docklands

background 319 development 320-1 transportation 319-20

Canberra: Australia's national capital 332-3

Cantilever bridges 132-6 Car parking 144-6 Carmarthen Bay VAWT 401 Changi Airport, Singapore

access 94 control tower 96-7, 98 development costs 99-100 engineering services 99 main facilities 94 pavements 94-5,97-8 roads and car parks 98-9 SIA hangar 99 terminal buildings 95-6

Channel Tunnel background 76 construction 78-81 main features 78 rail link 46-7 terminals 81 transport facilities 76-7 tunnel problems 81-2

Chelmer Lakes 374-5 Chertsey traffic model 126 Chimneys (power station) 391,

393 Chlorofluorocarbons 291 Clarification (water) 260-1, 264 Coagulation (water) 260,264 Coastal engineering

Cost protection 341 introduction 431-2 sea defences 111-12, 341-8

Coastal erosion database 347, 348 Communication 18-20 Computer applications

artificial canoe slalom course 377

bridge design 137 Channel Tunnel 78 general aspects 14 hydroelectric schemes 394 irrigation 366 Magnus oilfield 362

railway electrification 45 railway management 49 sea outfalls 178 sewer design 137 sewer rehabilitation 196 solid waste collection

systems 217 street works 151 Sydney Opera House 386 Thames Barrier 337 traffic control 142 wastewater contracts 174 water supplies, dams and

treatment 265, 266, 271 Coney Hill landfill site,

Surrey 225-7 Conservation

Albert Dock, Liverpool 312-14 areas 311 redundant buildings 311-12 Rocks area, Sydney 316 Singapore policy and

practice 315-16 Tanjong Pagar conservation

area,Singapore 315-16 Consulting engineers 6-7

engagement 7 Consumption of water 247-8 Container berth, Tanjung Perak,

Surabaya 353-5 Container terminals

container berth, Tanjung Perak, Surabaya 353-5

design aspects 351,352,353 gantry crane 355 general characteristics 355-6 siting 355

Contract documents 16-17 Contractors 9 Contracts

documents 16-17 operation 17-18

Cooling towers 391 Country parks 387 Cricket - Mound Stand

redevelopment, Lord's Cricket Ground, London 383

Dambos 366 Dams

concrete and masonry 256-7 design principles 254, 270 draw-off arrangements 254,

271-2 earth 255-6 Mudhiq Dam, Saudi

Arabia 255, 257 overflow arrangements 254-5,

271-2 Queen's Valley, Jersey 269-72 rockfill 256,270-2 selection 255

Dano-biostabiliser 237-8 Database management

systems 14,273,347-8 Deflectograph 154 Developing countries

composting 238-9 financing of civil engineering

works 12 sanitary landfill 227 sanitation 160-2 waste collection 218-19 water supply 248-9 whole life costing of civil

engineering works 15 Diffusers 179-80 Disinfection (water) 262 Dispersed growth processes

(sewage) 203-5 Dolsan bridge, South Korea

136-7 Domestic waste consumption

215-16 Drax Power Station 391-2 Dubai tower (United Arab

Emirates) 280-1

Embankments 342-3 Energy generation

hydroelectric schemes 394-9 power stations 389-94 tidal barrage schemes 399-401 wind energy systems 401

Enterprise zones 317 Environmental issues

BREEAM 291 costing 26 environmentally friendly

buildings 290-1 river engineering 25-6 treatment of polluted and

derelict land 26 Environmentally friendly

buildings 290-1 Eurocodes 4-5 European Community

background 3-5 directives 4,175,180,200,246 financial assistance 11-12, 320

Exchange shopping centre, Ilford 303,304

Farm wastes 164 Federation 'of Civil Engineering

Contractors 9

Felixstowe port 350 sea defence works under

construction 344-5 Filtration (water) 261-2,264-5 Fixed bed processes (sewage)

202-3 Flexible pavements 109 Flocculation (water) 260 Flood barriers

Barking 339-40 introduction 335 River Foss Floodgate,

York 340 Thames 336--9 Tidal Surge, River Hull 340

Flood prediction database 347 Flooding: Bangladesh 340-1 Flue gas desulphurisation 391-2 Fluoridation (water) 263 Foul sewers 162-3

Gantry crane 355 Garden festivals 389 Gatwick Airport, North Terminal

design 88 main elements 88-9 transit link between

terminals 89-90 Geological surveys 71,171,297 Geophysical surveys 258,361 Gravel pits: reuse for recreational

purposes 374-5,375-8 Greater Manchester Metrolink

62-5 Grit removal from sewage 202 Groundwater levels 335 Groynes 345

Hastings waste derived fuel plant 234-5

Hazardous wastes 240-3 Heathrow Airport, Terminal 4

contractual arrangements 85 design 85-6 engineering works 87-8 general background 84-5 structure 86--7

High speed road monitor 154 Highways

alignment 120-2 bridge maintenance and

defects 138-40 bridges 115-16,131-8 bypasses 108-9 capacity 118-20 case studies 11 0-17 construction 109-10,112-13

design 120-2 drainage 130-1 express road network,

Singapore 122-3 horizontal curvature 120-1 intersections with grade

separation 128-30 landscaping 149 lighting 146--9 London road proposals 106--7 main road network, Hong

Kong 124 maintenance 152-7 meteorology 156--7 Milton Keynes network 30 motorway constraints 107-8 motorways 33--6,107-8,121-4,

129-30 Mughsayl to Furious,

Oman 116--17 network classification 117-18 parking 144--6 planning 110-11 public utility services 150-1 road congestion 104-6 road junctions 127-9 road pricing 31 rock stabilisation 116--17 street furniture 149-50 traffic pollution 105-6 transition curves 121 Tsuen Wan bypass 114-16 UK road programme 35-6, 106 vertical curves 121 whole life costing 15-16 widening 157

Holme Pierrepont National Water Sports Centre, Nottingham

artificial canoe slalom course 376-8

general arrangements 375-6 Hong Kong

Castle Peak A power station 393-4

Chai Wan waste composting plant 237

Harbour Island pumping station 281-3,285-7

housing 295-7 land reclamation 297,359--60 main road network 124 mass transit railway 55-7 new towns 326, 328-9 Sha Tin new town 328-9, 330 Sha Tin sewage treatment

works 212-13 Sha Tin water treatment

works 267

Index 411

Tai Mei Tuk B pumping station 281-3,285

Tai Po industrial estate 306 Tolo Channel pipeline 183 Tsing Yi North bridge 134-5 Tsuen Wan bypass 114-16

Housing agencies, stock and dwelling

types 291-2 contracts and layouts 292-3 Hong Kong experience 295-7 post war experience 293-5 Singaporean experience

297-301 system building 294-5 traffic segregation 294

Houston Astrodome 380 Hume (Melbourne-Sydney)

freeway: interchanges and grade separations 129-30

Hydroelectric schemes Batang Padang scheme,

Malaysia 395, 396 introduction 394 Kiambere project, Kenya 395,

397-9 Mrica project, Java 395,397

Incineration of waste 227-31 Industrial effluents 163-4 Industrial estates 305-6 Institution of Civil Engineers 1 Institution of Municipal

Engineers 1-2 In-town retail shopping

centres 302-4 Irrigation

Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 367

Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 367-8

Kuwait 367 Madeira 366 methods 364 over grassland (sewage

treatment) 206 reuse of sewage effluent 367 Southern and Central

Africa 366 West Nubariya 366--7

Isle of Wight waste derived fuel plant 235-6

Italian football: world cup developments 381-2

Jersey water supply 268-72 Jetties 393,394

412 Index

Jubail sewage treatment plant (Saudi Araba) 210-212

Kallin harbour, Grimsay, Hebrides 351,352,353

Karkh water treatment works, Iraq 267-8

Kiambere hydroelectric project, Kenya 395,397-9

King's Cross underground station fire 54

Kirkcaldy sea outfall headworks 180-2

Lagoons (sewage treatment) 206 LAMSAC 14 Land reclamation

general background 356 Hong Kong 297, 359-60 main uses 359 methods 356, 358-9 projects 357-8 Singapore 356-9

Landfill 224-7 Landscaping 149 Leachate disposal 225-7,308,309 Lentini water supply scheme,

Sicily 265-6 Llangollen Canal restoration 71-2 Local authority

finance 11 marketing services 13 quality assurance 22-3

London Canary Wharf development,

London Docklands 319-21 Docklands light railway 55 Edmonton solid waste

incineration plant 228-31 Hendon solid waste rail transfer

station 223 Mound Stand

redevelopment, Lord's Cricket Ground 383

Newham solid waste road transfer station 222

rising groundwater levels 335 road proposals 106-7 Royal Docks sewage pumping

station 189-91 StockIey business park 307-8,

309 Underground 53-5 water ring main 275-9 Western Riverside solid waste

transfer station, Wandsworth 222-3

London Docklands Canary Wharf

development 319-21 light railway 55 Royal Docks sewage pumping

station 189-91

Macerators 181-2 Madeira irrigation channels 366 Magnus oil field

construction and installation 361-2

control room 362-3 general background 360-1 maintenance, inspection and

safety 363-4 statistics 363

Maintenance airfield pavements 84 bridges 138-40 Magnus oil field 363-4 road lighting 149 roads 151-7 sewers 170-2,193-200 Sydney Opera House 387

Malaysian rural water supply 268

MAM sewage treatment plant, Oman 212

Management coastal 346-8 principles 12 quality assurance 21-3 traffic 141-2

Manholes 172-3 Manila sea outfall 183 Marinas

Brighton 372-3 design 368-70 pontoons 369 Port Hamble 372 Solent 370-2

Meadowhall, Sheffield retail and leisure centre 305

Mersey tidal barrage scheme 400,401

Metering 274 Methane gas disposal 226-7, 308 Microstrainers 206 Middle East projects

Ameria sewage pumping station, Cairo 191-3

Cairo wastewater scheme 173-5

Dubai(UAE) tower 280-1 Jubail sewage treatment

plant, Saudi Arabia 210-12

Karkh water treatment works, Iraq 267-8

MAM sewage treatment plant, Oman 212

Mudhi Dam, Saudi Arabia 255,257

Mughsayl to Furious highway, Oman 116-17

reuse of sewage effluent for irrigation: Abu Dhabi (UAE), Dubai (UAE), Kuwait, Quatar 367-8

Umm al Qaiwain port (UAE) 350-1

Milton Keynes New Town economic development

strategy 326 facts 327 general features 323,325 housing 325 industrial development 325 parks 325-6 road layout 325 services 326 strategic plan 324

Modelling techniques dam design 253 London water ring main 278 traffic engineering 125-7

Motorways 33-6,107-8,121-4, 129-30

M25 34-5, 107-8 M25-M40 interchange 129,130

Mrica hydroelectric project, Java 395,397

Mudhiq Dam, Saudi Arabia 255, 257

Mughsayl to Furious highway, Oman 116-17

Multi-storey car parks 145-6 Municipal engineers 8-9

future 8-9 My the water treatment works,

Tewkesbury 263-5

Nant Hir bridge 135-6 National parks 387 National rowing course, National

Water Sports Centre, Nottingham 375-6

Nature reserves 387 Neighbourhood

centres 332 units 299,322,323

Netherton Canal Tunnel repairs 75-6

New Towns Australian new towns 333 British policy and

practice 322-6 early developments 322-3 Milton Keynes 323-6, 327 subsequent developments 323

Hong Kong new town developments 326, 328-9

environmental aspects 328 programme 326,328 Sha Tin new town 328-9, 330

Singapore new town developments 329-32

evolution 329,331 main components 331 position in 1989 331

Newham solid wastes road transfer station, London 222

Nirex 243-4 Noise barriers 87,113 North Sea offshore projects 360--4 North Wales coast road (ASS)

110-14 Conwy river crossing 113 highway construction 112-13 Penmaenbach tunnel 113-14 planning 110-11 railway diversion 112 retaining walls 113 sea defences 111-12

Nuclear power stations 392

Offshore works general introduction 360-1 Magnus oil field 360--4 other North Sea projects 364 Ula oil field 364, 365

Out-of-town shopping centres 304-5

Park and ride schemes 30-1 Parking

demand and policy 144 multi-storey car parks 145-6 provision in urban areas 145

Peak funicular railway, Hong Kong 59-60

Percolating filters 202-3 Peterhead sea outfall 184-5 pH adjustment 262 Pipe jacking 171-2 Pipes 272-3 Planning control 289-90 Pollution of water 252-3 Pontoons 369 Port and harbour works

Aberdeen harbour development 349-50

background 348-9 Blacksness harbour, Scalloway,

Shetland Islands 351 container terminals 351-6 Felixstowe port 350 Kallin harbour, Grimsay,

Hebrides 351, 352, 353 Umm al Qaiwain port (United

Arab Emirates) 350-1 Port Hamble marina 372 Portland sewage pumping

station 187-9 Portsmouth sea outfall 183-4 Power stations

Castle Peak A power station, Hong Kong 393-4

design and construction 390-1 Drax 391-2 flue gas desulphurisation 391-2 introduction 389-90 nuclear stations 392 Shajiao B power station,

China 392-3 Professional liability 20-1 Public works engineering

contracts 16-18 developing countries 15 financing 11-12 implementation 9-10 management 12-13 marketing 13 nature and scope 2-3 quality assurance 21-3

Pumping stations Ameria, Cairo (sewage) 191-3 general characteristics 186-7 Harbour Island, Hong Kong

(water) 281-3,285--7 Portland (sewage) 187-9,190 Royal Docks (sewage) 189-91 Tai Mei Tuk B, Hong Kong

(water) 281-3,285

Qualityassurance 21-3 Queen's Valley Reservoir,

Jersey 268-72

Radioactive wastes disposal 243-4 nature 243 packaging and

transportation 244 Railways

Australian 48-9 bridges 44-5,49,51 Channel Tunnel rail link 46-7

Index 413

Crewe modernisation 42-4 diversion 42-4,112 electrification 44-6 French high speed 47-8 general aspects 39-40 London underground 53-5 mass/light transit 53-65 stations 45,52-3,54,58-9, 62 track design 40-1 track maintenance and

renewal 41-2 trains 39,47,49, 62, 63, 64 viaducts 59

Rechem Pontypool waste treatment plant 242-3

Recreational facilities areas of outstanding natural

beauty 387 country parks 387 football grounds 380-3 garden festivals 389 general introduction 368 Holme Pierrepont National

Water Sports Centre, Nottingham 375--8

marinas 368-73 Mound Stand redevelopment,

Lord's Cricket Ground 383 national parks 387 nature reserves 387 Sentosa Island, Singapore

388-9 sports stadia and arenas 380 swimming pools 332, 378-80 Sydney Opera House 384-7 Sydney Tower Centrepoint

383-4 water based 374-5

Renfrew motorway 123-4 Reports to employer 19 Reservoirs 253-4, 268-72, 279-80 Retail shopping

background 301-2 Exchange shopping centre,

Ilford 303,304 in-town shopping centres 302-

4 Meadowhall, Sheffield retail

and leisure centre 305 Out-of-town shopping

centres 304-305 Ridings shopping centre,

Wakefield 303-4 Retail warehouses 305 Retaining walls 113 Revetments 343 Ridings shopping centre,

Wakefield 303-4

414 Index

Rigid pavements 109 Ripple control of street lights 148 River engineering

crossing 113 defences 346 flood defences, River Nene 346 introduction 341

River Foss floodgate, York 340 river intakes 258-9 River Torridge bridge 132-4 Road

bridges 131-40 congestion 28-9, 104-6 drainage 130-1 furniture 149-50 junctions 127-30 landscaping 149 lighting 149 maintenance 152-7 parking 144-6 pricing 31 public utility services 150-1 repairs 154-5 space rentals 151-2 widening 157 winter maintenance 155-7

Rock stabilisation 116-17 Rotating biological

contactors 203 Rutland Water 374

Safety aspects demolition 24 earthworks 24 Magnus oil field 363-4 roads 142-4 sewers 24-5 site handling 24 statutory requirements 23-4 tunnelling 24

Sand dunes 342 Sand filtration (sewage) 205-6 Scarborough sea outfall

headworks 180-2 Science parks 308,311

St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge 311

Screening of sewage 201 Screening of water 259 Sea defences 111-12,342-8

A55,North Wales 111-12 Anglia coastal defences study

347-8 breakwaters 345 coastal erosion database

347,348 coastal management 346-8 flood prediction database 347

groynes 345 history in the UK 342 revetments 343 sand dunes 342 sea walls 343-5 sheet piling 345-6 techniques 342-6 work under construction,

Felixstowe 344-5 Sea levels 335 Sea outfalls

construction 182-4 design 178-80 diffusers 179-80 failures 184-6 headworks 180-2 Manila outfall 183 Peterhead outfall 184-5 Portsmouth outfall 183-4 preliminary procedures 176-7 purpose and requirements

175-6 Tolo Channel pipeline, Hong

Kong 183 Sedimentation (sewage) 202, 205 Severn tidal barrage scheme

399-400 Severn Trent Water 247, 250-2,

263-5 Sewage pumping stations

Ameria, Cairo 191-3 general characteristics 186-7 Portland 187-9 Royal Docks, London 189-91

Sewerage systems 162 Sewers

foul 162-4 in tunnel 170-2 inspection systems 196 loads on buried pipes 170 maintenance and

rehabilitation 193-200 materials 169-70 plans and sections 168-9 renovation techniques and

costs 197-200 sea outfalls 175-86 surface water 165-8

Shajiao B power station, China 392-3

Shanghai wastewater scheme 175 Singapore

Changi Airport 94-100 compQsting plant 237-8 conservation areas 315-16 express road network 122-3 housing 297-301 land reclamation 356-9

mass rapid transit system 57-61

ripple control of street lights 148

Sentosa Island development 388-9

water conservation 274-5 Site

documents and records 19-20 meetings 20

Sludge treatment and disposal aerobic digestion 207 anaerobic digestion 207 character and amount of

sludge 207 dewatering 207-8 disposal 208 thickening 207

Softening (water) 262-3 Solent marinas 370-2 Solid waste management

background 215 composting 236-9 disposal methods 223-7 domestic waste

consumption 215-16 hazardous wastes 240-2 household waste reception 220 incineration 227-31 radioactive wastes 242-3 recycling 239-40 transfer and transportation

220-3 waste collection 216-19 waste derived fuel plants 232-

6 Sports stadia and arenas

football grounds in the UK 380-1

general introduction 380 Houston Astrodome 380 Italian football, world cup

developments 381-2 Sydney football stadium 382-

3,384 Toronto's Sky Dome 382

Sprotbrough lock 66-7 St John's Innovation Centre,

Cambridge 311 Staff development 12-13 Stanley Ferry Aqueduct 72-4 Stanstead Airport

jumbo hangar 91-2 pavement design and

construction 92 rapid transit system 93 terminal building 90-1 treatment of deicing waste 92-3

Storm sewerage 164-5 Straddle carrier 355 Surface water sewerage 165-8 Surveillance systems 142 Suspension bridges 131,137-8 Swansea Maritime Quarter

background 321 development work 321-2 regeneration strategy 321

Swimming pools Blackburn leisure pool 379-80 design 379 general background 378-9 main structural defects 379 Singapore 332

Sydney Centrepoint Tower 38~ Darling Harbour

regeneration 322 football stadium 382-3, 384 Harbour Bridge 138 Opera House 384-7 Rocks conservation area 316

Sydney Opera House accommodation and uses 386--7 construction 386 general background 384-5 maintenance 387

System built housing 294-5

Tanjong Pagar conservation area, Singapore 315-16

Taylor report on football grounds 380

Tertiary treatment of sewage 205-7

Thames Barrier background 336 barrier complex 336--7 construction 337-8 costs and other aspects 338-9

Third Dartford Crossing 136 Tidal barrage schemes

Mersey barrage 399-400 Severn barrage 400, 401

Tidal surge barrier, River Hull 340

Toll roads 32 Toronto's Sky Dome 382 Town parks 300,325-6,328,331-2 Toxic algae 252-3 Traffic

appraisal 124-5 Chertsey model 126 congestion 28-9, 104-6 control 141-2 forecasting flows 29-30 management 141-2

modelling techniques 125-7 pollution 105-6 safety 142-4 surveillance systems 142

Transition curves 121 Transportation

airports 82-100 bus services 36--9 canals 65-76 Channel Tunnel 76-82 characteristics 28-33 co-ordination 32-3 light/mass transit systems

53--65 motorways 33--6, 107-8,

121-4, 129-30 park and ride schemes 30-1 planning 29 private sector 31-2 railways 39-53 statistics 28 UK road programme 35-6

Tunnels Blisworth canal

reconstruction 74-6 Channel 46, 76--82 Penmaenbach A55 road 113-14 sewers in 170-2 Singapore MRT 60-1

Tyne and Wear Metro 61-2

Ula oil field 364, 365 Umm al Qaiwain port (UAE)

350-1 Upward flow clarifiers

(sewage) 206 Urban development agencies

317-18 Urban development

corporations 317 Urban renewal

background 316--17 Canary Wharf development,

London Docklands 319-21 Darling Harbour, Sydney 322 organisational aspects 317-18 projects 318-19 Swansea Maritime Quarter

321-2

Valves 273 Vertical curves 121 Viaducts 59,117

Wallingford procedure 168 Waste collection

background 216--17 developing countries 218-19

Index 415

household waste reception 220 methods 217-18 vehicles 219

Waste disposal methods composting 236--9 Coney Hill landfill site,

Surrey 225-7 Edmonton solid waste

incineration plant 228-31 Hastings waste derived fuel

plant 234-5 hazardous wastes 240-3 incineration 227-31 Isle of Wight waste derived fuel

plant 235-6 landfill 224-7 operating costs 240 other incineration plants 231 radioactive wastes 243-4 Rechem Pontypool plant 242-3 recycling 239-40 waste derived fuel plants

232-7 Waste transfer and transportation

Blackpool waste transfer station 221-2

general~rrangements 220-1 Hendon rail transfer

station 223 Newham road transfer station,

Wandsworth 222 Western riverside transfer

station, Wandsworth 222-3 Wastewater engineering

Boston treatment works 208-9 Broadholme treatment works

extension 209-10 Bury sludge digestion

plant 210 case studies of treatment

works 208-13 characteristics 200-1 Greater Cairo scheme 173-5 historical background 160 Jubail treatment plant, Saudi

Arabia 210-12 loads on buried pipes 170 MAM treatment works,

Oman 212 manholes 172-3 pumping stations 186--93 sea outfalls 175-86 sewer design 162-9 sewer maintenance and

rehabilitation 193-200 sewer materials 169-70 sewer plans and sections 168-9 sewers in tunnel 170-2

416 Index

Sha Tin treatment works, Hong Kong 212-13

Shanghai scheme 175 third world 160-2 treatment processes 201-8 Wallingford procedure 168

Watchmoor business park, Camberley 308,310

Water Bombay supply 266 boreholes 257-8 case studies of supply and

treatment schemes 263-72 conservation 274-5 consumption 247-8 dams 254-7 developing countries 248-9 Hong Kong supply 266-7,

281-7 Jersey supply 268-72 Karkh treatment works, Iraq

267-8

leakage control 273-4 Lentini supply scheme,

Sicily 265-6 London ring main 275-9 Malaysian rural supply 268 metering 274 My the treatment works,

Tewkesbury 263-5 pollution 252-3 privatisation 247 pumping stations 281-7 reservoirs 253-4,269-71 river intakes 258-9,264 service resevoirs 279-80 services and fittings 272-3 Severn Trent Water 247,250-2,

263-5 statutory controls 246 supply management 246-53 supply sources 249-52 towers 280-1 treatment processes 259-63

wells 258 Water stabilisation ponds

(sewage) 205 Water-based recreation

background 374 Chelmer Lakes 374-5 Holme Pierrepont National Water

Sports Centre, Nottingham 375-8

Rutland Water 374 Wells 258 Whole life casting

airports 86 civil engineering works in

developing countries 15 concept 15 roads 15

Wind energy schemes 401 Windrows 238 Winter maintenance of

roads 155-7