application of biochemestry to physiology
DESCRIPTION
APPLICATION OF BIOCHEMESTRY TO PHYSIOLOGY. INTEGRANTS : CARRION ARCELA JEAN PIERRE CASTRO MALDONADO BETTY GASCO ARTEAGA LESLIE GONZALES VASQUEZ DEYSI MENDOZA CASTILLO FABRIZIO MORENO VASQUEZ LUIGUI. GROUP : 01. INTRODUCCION. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
GROUP : 01
INTEGRANTS :
CARRION ARCELA JEAN PIERRE CASTRO MALDONADO BETTY GASCO ARTEAGA LESLIE GONZALES VASQUEZ DEYSI MENDOZA CASTILLO FABRIZIO MORENO VASQUEZ LUIGUI
APPLICATION OF BIOCHEMESTRY
TO PHYSIOLOGY
INTRODUCCION
It BIOCHEMISTRY is a science that studies the chemical composition of living organisms, especially proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, as well as other small molecules present in the cells and chemical reactions with these compounds (metabolism) enabling them to obtain energy (catabolism) and generate own biomolecules (anabolism).
BIOCHEMISTRY
IS THE SCIENCE THAT STUDENT LOS
BEINGS ALIVE A LEVEL MOLECULAR
THROUGH TECHNIQUES AND
METHODS PHYSICAL,
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL.
THE OBJECT D EESTUDIO D ELA
BIOCHEMISTRY ARE SUBSTANCES THAT
CONSTITUTE E, HUMAN BODY.
GENERED DIVISION OF THE
BIOCHEMISTRY
STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY
COMPONENTS OF LIFE AND THE BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE.
METABOLISM: MOLECULAR GENETICS:
ALL OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT OCCUR
KNOW THE HEREDITY AND VARIATION.
The science that studies the chemical basis of life : the molecules that comprise cells and tissues , that catalyze chemical reactions of cellular metabolism such as digestion , the photosynthesis and immunity , among other things.
DEFINITI
ON:
ALL OF THE DISEASES HAVE MOLECULAR COMPONENT EXCEPT THE TRAUMÀTICAS.
THE MODERN METHODS HAS SETTLED THE BASIS OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOCHEMESTRY IN
HEALTH
IN HEALTH
SCIENCES
This biochemical techniques to detect bacteria and viruses, before the appearance of antibodies, diagnose and prevent birth defects, making chemotherapy treatments and monitoring by detecting and amplifying cancer cells, these are just some of the profits of the biochemical the Health Sciences.
THE FAST AND BIOCHEMISTRY PHYSIOLOGY
1. - WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU DEPRIVE AN ORGANISM OF CALORIC INTAKE?
• Previously, we discuss in brief the metabolism of human body when it receives the normal caloric intake. This contribution is based on the so-called immediate early 3: Carbohydrates (sugars and carbohydrates), lipids (fats) and proteins.
2. - WHAT ARE THE BODY'S RESERVES?
• The first fact we notice is that the body has reserves. Some say these are measured by weight. A man of about 70 kg. and 1.70 m. high, immediate early reservations are:
• GLUCOSE: 300 gr. (4 cal / gr.) = 1,200 Kcal. Last 24 hours.• - FAT: 10 to 11 kg. (9 cal / gr.) = 100,000 Kcal. They last longer than 40 days • - PROTEIN: 10.5 kg. (4 Cal / g) = 45,000 Kcal. In the fast eat the own
reserves.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE FAST AND THE ROLE OF
HORMONAL PHYSIOLOGY•Depending on whether one or other immediate principle, as the main source of energy during fasting, it can be divided into three distinct phases as detailed below.
1 .- WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF FASTING?
•The main fuel is glucose and all sugars and carbohydrates. First circulating glucose is consumed and then do the liver glycogen and muscle. In the biochemical process:
•1 º. Glucose is stored in liver and muscle.
•2 º. Out of there.
FIRST PHASE:
•The entry of the organism in hypoglycemia marks the second phase of fasting, characterized by the consumption of fat. Hypoglycemia is the same in charge of implementing the mechanisms that direct consumption of fat in this Phase 2 and will act on the hypothalamus, nerve endings, adrenal and pancreas.
SECOND PHASE:
SECOND PHASE
HYPOTHALAMUS
Prevents glucose is consumed by the cells. It is hyperglycemic.
TSH
PANCREASCORTISOL
SOMATOTROPIC OR GROWTH HORMONE (STH):
Its main functions are to increase the level of blood sugar through gluconeogenesis to suppress the immune system and help the metabolism of fats .
Lowers insulin.
Decreases insulin antilipolytic hormone considered, and increases glucagon.
FAT METABOLISM
fasting, adipose tissue triglycerides are catalyzed steadily, releasing fatty acids into plasma. As this amount exceeds regarding the need of the body, a portion of free fatty acids is used as the primary source of heat and power and the other is metabolized in the liver, where those are converted into acetyl-coenzyme A, which in turn can follow three paths:
Transform into ketone bodies, which are the other major source of energy in fasting.
Entering the Krebs cycle.
Be used for synthesis of substances that are part of the plasma triglycerides and endogenous cholesterol.
FAT METABOLIS
M
Moreover, in this second phase, the entire body undergoes a process of adaptation to fasting. In this adaptation are given:
a) Decreased basal metabolism:
b) Reduction of physical activity. The body has less weight and less work.
-A quick step metabolic reduction.-A slow step preceded by, or accompanying weight loss.
Will begin to consume the protein that are essential for life.
THIRD PHASE:
PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTANTS: ITS CHANGES DURING FASTING
PLASMA
Magnesium
Chlorine
Aldosterone
Plasma calcium
Plasma potassium
Plasma sodium
Leukocytes
Red blood cells
BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
ADRENAL CORTEX
Transport of steroids
Mechanism of action of
cortisol
Regulation of cortisol secretion
Pathophysiology of glucocorticoid production
Increased gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance
Increased protein catabolism
Increase and redistribution of body fat
Increased secretion of acid by the stomach
Sodium retention and redistribution of body fluids leading to edema and hypertensionE
xcess c
ort
isol
•Involve failure of the adrenal glands: Addison's disease
PRIMARY
•Absence of ACTH, pituitary failure
SECONDARY
•The absence of CRH, hypothalamic failure
TERTIARY
GLUCOCORTICOID INSUFFICIENCY
HYPOTENSION
HYPONATREMIA AND HYPERKALEMIA
HYPERPIGMENTATION
WEAKNESS, FATIGUE, ANOREXIA, VOMITING, WEIGHT LOSS
Glucocorticoid insufficiency
REGULATION OF RENIN PRODUCTION: 1. Sympathetic stimuli reaching the juxtaglomerular apparatus2. Sodium flow through the macula densa of the distal tubule3. Transmural pressure
REGULATION OF ALDOSTERONE: •Aldosterone secretion is dependent on the
concentration of angiotensin II, plasma potassium and ACTH.
•The primary regulator is the plasma volume
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS:
•Aldosterone producing tumor or hyperplasia of the adrenal glomerulosa region primary.
•Hyperactivity of the renin angiotensin •Hypokalemia
EFFECT OF MINERALOCORTICOID DEFICIENCY :
•Directly resulting from mineralocorticoid deficiency include hypertension, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
THA NKS…